Chapter 8 Joints
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
abduction and adduction
Tendon sheaths ________.
act as friction-reducing structures
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
amphiarthroses
Which joints are correctly matched?
ankle; hinge
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
cruciate ligaments
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.
feet
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.
fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.
gomphosis
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
hinge joint
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
hyaline cartilage
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
hyperextension
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?
Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
multiaxial
All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT?
number of bones in the joint
The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.
plane
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
plantar flexion
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.
prevent hyperextension of the knee
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.
protraction
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?
rotation
The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.
saddle
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.
symphysis
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
Which joint does NOT belong with the others?
wrist
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?
It contains hyaluronic acid.
Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.
Lyme disease
Which of the following is a true statement?
The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Synarthrotic joints ________.
are immovable joints
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.
bursae
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?
cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
diarthrotic
On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?
syndesmosis
Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?
tendon sheath
An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"
the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal
An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.
the radius and ulna along its length
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result?
tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?
ulnar collateral ligament
What are menisci (articular discs)?
wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity