Chapter 8 Review

Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon

4

Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon. Then, write the nucleotide sequence for the corresponding anticodon

4 UAC

Write the number in a diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation

5, the small ribosomal unit binds to mRNA in the cytoplasm. the binding attracts a tRNA with methionine to the start codon.

Suppose you could extend this diagram in both directions; predict what you would see.

A long mRNA strand

Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complimentary RNA strand

AUC

When does mRNA processing take place

After transcription

The lac operon is an example of how gene regulation occurs in

Bacteria

What did Hershey and Chase know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments

Bacteriophage are mostly DNA and proteins

Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on only one strand of the double helix. What would you use to figure out the sequence on the other strand

Base pairing rules

What does DNA polymerase do during replication

Binds nucleotides together and corrects base pair errors

the central dogma states that information flows from

DNA to RNA to proteins

What type of mutation is shown in figure 8.4

Frameshift mutation

Suppose a nucleotide actually replaced another nucleotide in the figure above. Would this change have a greater or lesser effect on the organism than that illustrated in the figure? Explain

Greater because it would mess up the amino acids and it would make a different protein

How does this type of mutation affect the way the mRNA is read

It can change the amino acid sequence and shape

Suppose this mutation occurred in a coding region of mRNA. How would it affect the structure of the resulting protein

It won't be a long strand of amino acids because it would create a stop codon. It would be smaller and would make an incorrect protein

Could an error such as the one shown above affect the offspring of the organism in which the error occurred

No

Suppose this mutation occurred in a body cell. Would offspring be affected?explain

No because a mutation can only be passed to offspring if it is in a sex chromosome

Which of the following is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes

Nucleus

When does replication occur

Once in every cell cycle

which scientist used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA

Oswald Avery

Cricks central dogma of molecular biology is essentially a summary of

Replication, transcription, and translation

Identify the structure labeled 5 in the diagram and describe its two-part role in forming a polypeptide chain

Ribosome, it reads the mRNA and then creates an amino acid which create proteins

What message does mRNA carry

The genetic code, that when translated, forms proteins

Suppose the ribosome encounters a stop codon. Predict how the process shown would terminate

The peptide strand would be released and ribosome would fall apart

What process is shown in figure 8.3

Translation

Name the process shown in figure 8.3 and identify the part of the cell where it takes place

Translation and cytoplasm

The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists

Watson and Crick

Does the body have any built-in defense against mutations? Explain

Yes. DNA polymerase enzymes find and fix most mutations

identify the structure labeled 1 in the diagram and describe its function

amino acid, amino acids bind together to create proteins

The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different

bases

During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to

bind nucleotides together

What is the term for the sections of messenger RNA that are spliced together during processing

exons

Where is the messenger RNA edited into its final form

in the nucleus

What type of error does figure 8.4 show

insertion Frameshift mutation

During transcription, what does messenger RNA do

it delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins

How did Hershey and and Chase's use of radiolabeled bacteriophages to study the genetic material validate Avery's research

it demonstrated conclusively that the genetic material is not protein

in bacteria, what binds with the repressor to activate the lac operon

lactose

In humans, where does DNA replication take place

nucleus

In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place

on a gene segment over and over again

Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA

oswald avery

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram

tRNA

How is the reading Frame affected by this error

the reading frame is thrown off because all of the nucleotides are shifted to the right.

Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood

watson and crick

Could an environmental mutagen cause this error? Give two examples to support your answer

yes, smoke and UV rays