Chapter 8 Review
Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon
4
Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon. Then, write the nucleotide sequence for the corresponding anticodon
4 UAC
Write the number in a diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation
5, the small ribosomal unit binds to mRNA in the cytoplasm. the binding attracts a tRNA with methionine to the start codon.
Suppose you could extend this diagram in both directions; predict what you would see.
A long mRNA strand
Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complimentary RNA strand
AUC
When does mRNA processing take place
After transcription
The lac operon is an example of how gene regulation occurs in
Bacteria
What did Hershey and Chase know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments
Bacteriophage are mostly DNA and proteins
Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on only one strand of the double helix. What would you use to figure out the sequence on the other strand
Base pairing rules
What does DNA polymerase do during replication
Binds nucleotides together and corrects base pair errors
the central dogma states that information flows from
DNA to RNA to proteins
What type of mutation is shown in figure 8.4
Frameshift mutation
Suppose a nucleotide actually replaced another nucleotide in the figure above. Would this change have a greater or lesser effect on the organism than that illustrated in the figure? Explain
Greater because it would mess up the amino acids and it would make a different protein
How does this type of mutation affect the way the mRNA is read
It can change the amino acid sequence and shape
Suppose this mutation occurred in a coding region of mRNA. How would it affect the structure of the resulting protein
It won't be a long strand of amino acids because it would create a stop codon. It would be smaller and would make an incorrect protein
Could an error such as the one shown above affect the offspring of the organism in which the error occurred
No
Suppose this mutation occurred in a body cell. Would offspring be affected?explain
No because a mutation can only be passed to offspring if it is in a sex chromosome
Which of the following is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes
Nucleus
When does replication occur
Once in every cell cycle
which scientist used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA
Oswald Avery
Cricks central dogma of molecular biology is essentially a summary of
Replication, transcription, and translation
Identify the structure labeled 5 in the diagram and describe its two-part role in forming a polypeptide chain
Ribosome, it reads the mRNA and then creates an amino acid which create proteins
What message does mRNA carry
The genetic code, that when translated, forms proteins
Suppose the ribosome encounters a stop codon. Predict how the process shown would terminate
The peptide strand would be released and ribosome would fall apart
What process is shown in figure 8.3
Translation
Name the process shown in figure 8.3 and identify the part of the cell where it takes place
Translation and cytoplasm
The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists
Watson and Crick
Does the body have any built-in defense against mutations? Explain
Yes. DNA polymerase enzymes find and fix most mutations
identify the structure labeled 1 in the diagram and describe its function
amino acid, amino acids bind together to create proteins
The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different
bases
During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to
bind nucleotides together
What is the term for the sections of messenger RNA that are spliced together during processing
exons
Where is the messenger RNA edited into its final form
in the nucleus
What type of error does figure 8.4 show
insertion Frameshift mutation
During transcription, what does messenger RNA do
it delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins
How did Hershey and and Chase's use of radiolabeled bacteriophages to study the genetic material validate Avery's research
it demonstrated conclusively that the genetic material is not protein
in bacteria, what binds with the repressor to activate the lac operon
lactose
In humans, where does DNA replication take place
nucleus
In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place
on a gene segment over and over again
Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA
oswald avery
Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram
tRNA
How is the reading Frame affected by this error
the reading frame is thrown off because all of the nucleotides are shifted to the right.
Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood
watson and crick
Could an environmental mutagen cause this error? Give two examples to support your answer
yes, smoke and UV rays