Chapter 9

What is time-sequence (or chronological) pattern?

An order of presentation that begins at a particular point in time and continues either forward or backward

What is a transition?

A phrase or word used to link ideas

What is an internal summary?

A short review statement given at the end of a main point

What is subordination?

Clearly identifies the hierarchy of ideas: the most important points are main points and are supported by sub points (that is, they are subordinate to the main points); the outline uses specific rules for format

Why should you construct outlines for your presentations?

-Outlines are created to help you remain organized. They also help your listeners tune in to your messages -To make sure that listeners know your intent, outlines should follow three principles: subordination, coordination, and parallelism -Preliminary outlines are often words or phrases you create to help determine how things fit together -Full-sentence outlines provide a clear overview, but not the entire speech, to ensure that you stay on track and help your audience listen -Presentational outlines help you remember to look at your audience, smile, use your visuals, cover up your visuals, and move in a way that emphasizes the important aspects of your content

What are ways to organize the body of your speeches?

-You can now use your research develop main points that help you present the most important aspects of your topic. Your general and and specific purpose statements guide your listeners so they can recognize what you expect of them -Order the main points of a speech to help your listeners interpret your content -Assess the organizational patterns described and choose the best for your own speeches -Use transitions, signposts, internal previews, and internal summaries in your own speeches

What is mind mapping?

A visual organizational strategy that uses words or symbols to identify the concepts and their connections to each other

How do you compose an effective conclusion to your speech?

The conclusion lets your listeners know you are finishing the speech and provides a summary and synthesis of the ideas presented so they leave knowing why you made the speech and what you hoped they would gain from it. The conclusion reinforces your thesis

What is a signpost?

A word, phrase, or short statement that indicates to an audience the direction a speaker will take next -Questions can also be used as signposts

What is topical pattern?

An order of presentation in which the main topic is divided into a series of related subtopics

What is the difference between coordination and parallelism?

Coordination suggests that ideas with the same level of importance use the same kind of numbers and letters to visually indicate the relationships between ideas whereas parallelism is a style in which all ideas, main points, sub points, and sub-sub-points use similar grammatical forms and language patterns

How should you organize the introduction of your speech?

Introductions should orient the audience to the topic, motivate them to listen, and provide the direction of your speech . You should be able to complete preliminary and presentational outlines for your speeches

What is an internal preview?

Short statements that give advance warning, or a preview , of the points to be covered