CHAPTER 9

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ball and socket joint

the joint offering the widest range of motion is the:

fibrous joints

the least movable joint is a:

articulation

the point at which the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another

shoulder

the rotator cuff is found in which joint?

articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the bone surfaces in synovial joints

saddle joint

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation

external rotation

when a bone spins away from the body's midline

internal rotation

when a bone spins toward the body's midline

knee

which joint has a medial and lateral meniscus?

shoulder

which joint is most likely to be dislocated?

it affects 85% of people over 70

which statement about rheumatoid arthritis is true?

pivot joint

which type of joint allows the head to rotate (such as when shaking the head "no")?

fibrous joints

Fixed joints bound by collagen fibers

synovial joints

Freely moveable joints. The articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity. Synovial fluid is join in this cavity.

condyloid joint

Joint (such as occurs at the base of the fingers) in which an oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another bone

gliding joint

Joint (such as occurs in the tarsal bones of the ankle) in which two bone surfaces slide over each other

arthrology

The branch of science that studies the structure, function, and dysfunction of joints

articular cartilage

along with synovial fluid, this structure permits friction-free movement in synovial joints.

hyperextension

an extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position is called:

hyperextension

extreme extension of a joint

Synarthrosis

fibrous joint that can absorb shock, but permits little or no movement of the articulating bones

joint capsule

envelope surrounding a synovial joint

diarthroses

synovial joints

humeroscapular joint

The shoulder; also called the glenohumeral joint

synovial membrane

a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath

eversion

foot movement that turns sole laterally, away from the other foot

inversion

foot movement that turns the sole medially

flexion

involves bending a joint to decrease the angle of the joint

circumduction

involves moving the distal end of an appendage in a circle

plantar flexion

involves moving toes or foot downward

Dorsiflexion

involves moving toes or foot upward

pivot joint

joint (such as occurs between the first and second cervical vertebrae) in which a projection from on bone articulates with the ring shaped socket of another bone, allowing the bones to pivot

hinge joint

joints that allow only back and forth movement

synovial joints

most of the joints in the body are:

abduction

movement away from the body

pronation

movement that turns the palm downward

supination

movement that turns the palm up

adduction

movement toward the body

protraction

moves a part forward

retraction

moving a part backward

cartilaginous joints

semi-movable joints joined by cartilage

synovial fluid

slippery lubricant in joint cavity

bursae

small sacs filled with synovial fluid that ease friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences

extension

straightening a joint to increase the angle between the bones


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