CHAPTER 9
ball and socket joint
the joint offering the widest range of motion is the:
fibrous joints
the least movable joint is a:
articulation
the point at which the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another
shoulder
the rotator cuff is found in which joint?
articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the bone surfaces in synovial joints
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
external rotation
when a bone spins away from the body's midline
internal rotation
when a bone spins toward the body's midline
knee
which joint has a medial and lateral meniscus?
shoulder
which joint is most likely to be dislocated?
it affects 85% of people over 70
which statement about rheumatoid arthritis is true?
pivot joint
which type of joint allows the head to rotate (such as when shaking the head "no")?
fibrous joints
Fixed joints bound by collagen fibers
synovial joints
Freely moveable joints. The articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity. Synovial fluid is join in this cavity.
condyloid joint
Joint (such as occurs at the base of the fingers) in which an oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another bone
gliding joint
Joint (such as occurs in the tarsal bones of the ankle) in which two bone surfaces slide over each other
arthrology
The branch of science that studies the structure, function, and dysfunction of joints
articular cartilage
along with synovial fluid, this structure permits friction-free movement in synovial joints.
hyperextension
an extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position is called:
hyperextension
extreme extension of a joint
Synarthrosis
fibrous joint that can absorb shock, but permits little or no movement of the articulating bones
joint capsule
envelope surrounding a synovial joint
diarthroses
synovial joints
humeroscapular joint
The shoulder; also called the glenohumeral joint
synovial membrane
a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath
eversion
foot movement that turns sole laterally, away from the other foot
inversion
foot movement that turns the sole medially
flexion
involves bending a joint to decrease the angle of the joint
circumduction
involves moving the distal end of an appendage in a circle
plantar flexion
involves moving toes or foot downward
Dorsiflexion
involves moving toes or foot upward
pivot joint
joint (such as occurs between the first and second cervical vertebrae) in which a projection from on bone articulates with the ring shaped socket of another bone, allowing the bones to pivot
hinge joint
joints that allow only back and forth movement
synovial joints
most of the joints in the body are:
abduction
movement away from the body
pronation
movement that turns the palm downward
supination
movement that turns the palm up
adduction
movement toward the body
protraction
moves a part forward
retraction
moving a part backward
cartilaginous joints
semi-movable joints joined by cartilage
synovial fluid
slippery lubricant in joint cavity
bursae
small sacs filled with synovial fluid that ease friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences
extension
straightening a joint to increase the angle between the bones