Chapters 22, 23, and 24 Multiple Choice (from Quizzes), Matching, and Presidents
The Central Pacific
"Big Four"
Laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with respect to negotiating labor contracts. Increased Northerners' criticisms of President Andrew Johnson's lenient Reconstruction policie
Black Codes
Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medi-cal care, education, and legal support. Its achievements were uneven and depended largely on the quality of local administrators.
Freedman's Bureau
A term given to the period 1865-1896 by Mark Twain, indicating both the fabulous wealth and the widespread corruption of the era.
Gilded Age
A regulation established in many southern states in the 1890s that exempted from voting requirements (such as literacy tests and poll taxes) anyone who could prove that his ancestors ("grandfathers") had been able to vote in 1860. Because slaves could not vote before the Civil War, these clauses guaranteed the right to vote to many whites while denying it to black
Grandfather Clause
Union Pacific
Greenville Dodge, pushed westward from Omaha Nebraska
System of racial segregation in the American South from the end of Reconstruction until the mid-twentieth century. Based on the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites, the Jim Crow sys-tem sought to prevent racial mixing in public, including restaurants, movie theaters, and public transportation. An informal system, it was generally perpetuated by custom, violence, and intimidatio
Jim Crow Laws
northern pacific
Lake Superior to Puget Sound
The Southern Pacific
New Orleans to San Fran
The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe
Through deserts to CA
Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. economic independence and education in agriculture and the trades. b. rigorous academic training. c. the adoption of Socialism in the United States. d. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. e. to directly challenge white supremacy.
a.
Sooners were settlers who "jumped the gun" in order to a. claim land in Oklahoma before the territory was legally opened to settlement. b. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming. c. grab town sites in the Dakotas. d. pan gold in California. e. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada.
a.
The Populist party arose as the direct successor to the a. Farmers' Alliance. b. Grange. c. Greenback Labor party. d. Liberal Republican party. e. Silver Miners' Coalition.
a.
Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era? a. Harvard University b. Johns Hopkins University c. Stanford University d. The University of California e. The University of Chicago
a.
A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when a. Colonel George Custer discovered gold on Sioux land in the Black Hills. b Colonel George Custer led an expedition to Little Big Horn, Montana. c. Sioux Chief Crazy Horse began an effort to drive all whites from Montana and the Dakotas. d. the federal government announced that it was opening all Sioux lands to settlement. e. the U.S. Army decided to retaliate for the Fetterman massacre.
a.
Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. maintained his American citizenship and residence in the United States throughout his life, despite his profound anger and disappointment with the absence of black economic and social equality in the country. e. None of these choices are correct.
a.
One major problem with the Homestead Act was that a. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains. b. it took several years to earn a profit from farming a homestead. c. midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West. d. most homesteaders knew little or nothing about farming in the West. e. the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands.
a.
The Buffalo Soldiers were a. African American cavalry and soldiers who served in the frontier wars. b. soldiers who sought to defeat the Indians by depriving them of their primary food supply. c. soldiers who were court martialed for assisting Plains Indians with food and other provisions. d. soldiers who were killed in the Fetterman massacre. e. U. S. Army units who survived on the plains by killing buffalo.
a.
In criticizing Booker T. Washington's educational emphasis on manual labor and industrial training, W.E.B. Du Bois emphasized instead that black education should concentrate on a. adult education. b. an intellectually gifted talented tenth of the black community that should be given full and immediate access to the mainstream of American life. c. developing black entrepreneurs to create black businesses to serve black communities. d. developing separate black schools and colleges. e. education for political action.
b
All of the following are true statements about the Homestead Act except a. about a half million families carved out new homes in the 40 years after its passage. b. it was consistent with previous government public land policy designed primarily to raise revenue for government. c. ten times more of the public lad ended up in the hands of land speculators than farmers. d. the standard 160 acres provided to farmers proved to be inadequate on the rain-scarce Great Plains. e. thousands of people didn't last the five years required by the Homestead Act.
b.
By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. had abandoned the effort to persuade western states to grant women the right to vote. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.
b.
Edward Bellamy's novel, Looking Backward, inspired numerous late-nineteenth-century social reformers by a. demonstrating that women's work in the home was seriously undervalued. b. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems. c. portraying the sufferings of an immigrant worker in Chicago's stockyard meat industry. d. showing how a single tax on land speculation would end poverty. e. None of these choices are correct.
b.
The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modern science. e. turning most scientists against religion.
b.
The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian a. annihilation. b. assimilation. c. culture. d. education. e. prosperity.
b.
The new, research-oriented modern American university tended to a. challenge Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution and natural selection. b. de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of practical subjects and professional specialization. c. focus primarily on theory rather than practical subjects. d. give a new emphasis to the importance of religion and cultural tradition. e. take the lead in movements of social and political reform.
b.
All of the following are true statements about Indians who ended up on reservations in the 1870s and 1880s except a. many died from diseases. b. they became wards of the U.S. government. c. they felt protected and well-provided for by the U.S. government. d. they were fed meagerly by the U.S. government and not annihilated by the U.S. Army. e. they were forced to eke out an existence.
c.
In post-Civil War America, Plains Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west. b. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses. c. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land. d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations. e. were defeated militarily by the U.S. Army in various Indian wars.
c.
Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers C. George Pullman 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l e. A-2, B-4, C-l, D-3
c.
Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace 1. Success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work. B. Horatio Alger 2. Anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures. C. Henry James 3. Contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism. D. William Dean Howells 4. Psycological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women. a. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 d. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 e. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
c.
The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender and end their resistance to losing their lands a. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed. b. because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare. c. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo. d. when the government extended a better offer to relocate the Plains Indians to unoccupied, large Western lands. e. when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting.
c.
U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney and President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that a. hutting down the railroads threatened American national security. b. the strike against the railroads was crippling all parts of the American economy. c. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail. d. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property. e. the union's leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist.
c.
The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of a. big business. b. industrial labor unions. c. middle class women. d. the new immigrants. e. the poor and working classes.
c.
had fewer job-related skills and received lower wages
common laborers
special skill and training (molders, carpenters, etc.) recieved higher wages and more control over their time
craft worker
Most New Immigrants a. converted to mainstream Protestantism. b. eventually returned to their country of origin. c. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. d. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. e. were immediately subjected to stringent immigration restrictions.
d.
The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. b. believed that the struggle for women's right to vote should be secondary to improving women's economic status in life. c. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. d. limited its membership to whites excluding all blacks from membership. e. elected Ida B. Wells as its president.
d.
By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe a. actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America. b. had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods. c. still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany. d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods. e. were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans.
d.
The severe economic depression of the 1890s strengthened the Populists' argument that a. farmers had nothing in common with the residents of industrial cities. b. government should not own the railroads, telephone, and telegraph companies. c. the abolition of all metallic money in favor of paper was essential. d. wage earners and farmers alike were victims of an oppressive economic and political system. e. white and black farmers had common economic interests.
d.
Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. famine. b. political oppression. c. the military draft. d. the political disintegration of their country. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.
e.
New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because a. in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles. b. many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism. c. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own. d. New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States. e. their religions were distinctly different, and some New Immigrants were politically radical.
e.
The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were a. Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane. b. Henry Adams and Henry James. c. Henry George and Edward Bellamy. d. Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey. e. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
e.
American newspapers in the post-Civil War era expanded their circulation and public attention by a. crusading for social reform. b. ocusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicalized material. c. investigative reporting that uncovered public corruption in local and state government. d. printing hard-hitting editorials. e. printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.
e.
The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to a. avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. b. defend their lands against white invaders. c. preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement. d. punish whites for breaking treaties. e. rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma
e.
the cost of manufacturing is decreased by producing goods quickly in large quantities
economies of sale
costs companies have to pay whether its operating or not - loans, mortgages, and taxes
fixed costs
market economy where private businesses have the freedom to operate for a profit with limited government intervention
free enterprise system
The Great Northern Pacific
from Duluth to Seattle
the total value of all goods and services that a country produces
gross national product
policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy
laissez-faire
voters had to pass and understand literacy test. difficult to pass when denied an education
literacy tests
a single company (person) has total control of a type of industry (that provides a good or service)
monopoly
entreprenuer
one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of business
costs that occur when running a company - wages, shipping totals, raw materials, and supplies.
operating costs
required poor black and white voters to pay a tax before the could vote. hard to pass when did not have a job.
poll taxes
Separation of the races
segregation
