Chem 100 - Chapter 9 SmartBook

Polymers that are formed by a combination of functional groups such that a small molecule (e.g., water) is eliminated are known as ______ polymers. A.) condensation B.) combination C.) radical D.) addition

A

Which type of synthetic polymer is the most recycled in terms of millions of pounds? A.) LDPE B.) HDPE C.) PET D.) PVC

C

somewhat brittle, rigid, dissolves in many organic solvents

PS

Which of the following starting materials is NOT used to synthesize eco-friendly polymers? A.) Cotton fibers B.) Sugar C.) Starch D.) Wood E.) Petroleum

E

A molecule made up of many repeating units linked together is called a(n) _ , while the repeating units are called _.

polymers, monomers

The bond between one amino acid and another (shown) is called a(n) _____ bond. This type of bond is an example of the _____ functional group. A.) peptide; amide B.) aminide; ester C.) aminide; amide D.) peptide; ester

A

The waste most produced in the United States is of _____ origin. A.) biological B.) synthetic

A

A phenyl group ______. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A.) has the formula -C6H5 B.) is composed of a 6-membered ring of carbon atoms C.) has the formula -CH3 D.) is a 6-carbon chain with C-C single bonds throughout

A and B

An amino acid contains a(n) _ and a(n) _ A.) carboxylic acid B.) amine C.) ester D.) phenyl group E.) amide

A and B

Which of the following options correctly describe amino acids? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A.) An amino acid has an amine group and a carboxylic acid functional group bonded to a carbon. B.) Twenty amino acids occur naturally. C.) Amino acids differ in the nature of the group attached to the nitrogen atom. D.) An amino acid has an amide group and an ester functional group bonded to a carbon.

A and B

Which of the following are examples of shifting baselines? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A.) People in technological cultures no longer remember life without electric lighting. B.) People preserve the memory of their history. C.) The Internet is accepted as a normal way of life. D.) People are becoming more environmentally aware.

A and C

Which of the following options correctly describe condensation polymerization? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A.) When the monomers of a condensation polymer combine a small molecule is eliminated. B.) H2O is required for the formation of a condensation polymer. C.) Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer. D.) The term "copolymer" is an abbreviation for condensation polymer.

A and C

Which of the following statements correctly describes the peptide bond? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A.)A peptide bond is formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. B.) A peptide bond is formed between the amino groups of two adjacent amino acids. C.) Each amino acid can form at least two peptide bonds. D.) A peptide bond is an example of an ester linkage.

A and C

Which of the following options correctly describe a polymer? Select all that apply. A.) Polymers have high molecular masses. B.) A polymer is made up of repeating units called monomers. C.) The prefix poly indicates that a polymer is made up of many smaller units. D.) All polymers are synthetic organic compounds.

A, B, and C

Which of the following is/are considered municipal solid waste (MSW)? Select all that apply. A.) Banana peel B.) Grass clippings C.) Siding from a construction site D.) Industrial waste E.) Old microwave

A, B, and E

Covalent bonds, which govern chemical changes in molecular substances, consist of shared electron pairs. These bonds are ______ than intermolecular forces, which govern the physical changes of molecular substances. A.) weaker B.) stronger

B

Five of the "big six" polymers undergo _____ polymerization. A.) ring-opeing metathesis B.) addition C.) condensation D.) living free radical

B

Packaging materials designed and used in such a way to reduce their environmental impact are called _____ packaging materials. A.) biodegradable B.) sustainable C.) nonsynthetic D.) natural

B

The backbone of both proteins and nylon are linked by the same functional group making them both _____. A.) polysiloaxanes B.) polyamides C.) polysaccharides D.) polyesters

B

The repeating head-to-tail monomer arrangement is the most common for PVC, PP, and PS. This arrangement provides more _____ regions in the polymer. A.) random B.) crystalline C.) amphorus

B

The term _ is sometimes used as a synonym for synthetic polymer A.) polyethylene B.) plastic C.) macromolecule D.) organic compound

B

Which of the following options correctly describe addition polymers? Select all that apply. A.) The monomers link together in a dehydration reaction to form an addition polymer. B.) The monomers of addition polymers usually contain a C=C double bond. C.) The formation of an addition polymer often involves a radical initiator. D.) The formation of an addition polymer requires the presence of H2O.

B and C

Which of the following statements correctly describe/define the word plastic? Select all that apply. A.) Only organic macromolecules have plastic properties. B.) Plastic is both an adjective and a noun. C.) Plastic is sometimes used a synonym for synthetic polymer. D.) Plastics is a term that applies to only a very specific group of compounds with very unique properties.

B and C

A compound that is added in small amounts to make a polymer more soft and pliable is called a(n) _____. A.) softener B.) blowing agent C.) plasticizer D.) thermoplasticizer

C

A thermoplastic polymer _____. A.) has highly ordered regions of polymer chains B.) has two or more different monomers C.) can be melted and reshaped with heat D.) contains compounds that make it more soft and pliable

C

Dispersion forces are a type of _____ force that causes an attraction between molecules that results from a distortion of the _____ cloud that causes an uneven distribution of charge. A.) intramolecular; electron B.) intermolecular; nuclear C.) intermolecular; electron D.) intramolecular; nuclear

C

Ethylene is the smallest member in the family of _____ containing a carbon-carbon _____ bond. A.) noble gases; double B.) halogens; multiple C.) hydrocarbons; double D.) hydrocarbons; triple

C

The root of the word monomer means _____. A.) small molecule B.) many units C.) one unit D.) one molecule

C

What forces cause polyethylene to be a solid material? A.) Hydrogen bonding B.) Ion-dipole forces C.) London dispersion forces D.) Covalent forces

C

What is the most common monomer arrangement for PVC, PP, and PS? A.) Alternating head-to-head/tail-to-tail B.) Random C.) Repeating head-to-tail

C

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe the applications of the big six polymers? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A.) PVC is used to make soft-drink bottles. B.) HDPE is used in the fabrication of grocery bags. C.) PP is used in the manufacture of carpeting. D.) PS is used to fabricate food wrap.

C and D

What type of forces are a result of an attraction between molecules due to a distortion in the electron cloud, which causes an uneven distribution of negative charge? A.) Electrostatic forces B.) Dipole-dipole forces C.) Covalent forces D.) Dispersion forces

D

Which of the following physical properties is associated with a polymer that possesses amorphous regions? A.) Toughness B.) Rigidity C.) Resistance to abrasion D.) Flexibility

D

rigid, tough, dense

HDPE

Translucent, soft, flexible

LDPE

transparent, shatter-resistant, impervious to acids and atmospheric gas

PETE

opaque, very tough, resistant to oils, high melting point

PP

rigid, resistant to most chemicals

PVC

The intermolecular forces that cause polyethylene to be a solid material are _ forces.

dispersion

An addition polymer is formed when two monomers containing _ bonds react in the presence of a(n) _ initiator.

double, radical

The small repeating units used to synthesize polymers are called _

monomers