chem 1Al lab final

Identify the correct name for each acid. HClO3 HNO2 HClO4 H2SO4 HNO3 H2S nitric acid hydrosulfuric acid chloric acid perchloric acid nitrous acid sulfuric acid

HClO3 = chloric acid HNO2 = nitrous acid HClO4 = perchloric acid H2SO4 = sulfuric acid HNO3 = nitric acid H2S = hydrosulfuric acid

Identify the number of valence electrons in each atom. Li N B Ca Cl Xe

Li = 1 N = 5 B = 3 Ca = 2 Cl = 7 Xe = 8

Match each formula to its name: PBr3 PBr5 S2F10 SF4 ClO2 Chlorine dioxide Phosphorus pentabromide Sulfur tetrafluoride Disulfur decafluoride Phosphorus tribromide

PBr3 = Phosphorus tribromide PBr5 = Phosphorus pentabromide S2F10 = Disulfur decafluoride SF4 = Sulfur tetrafluoride ClO2 = Chlorine dioxide

How many liters is 21.4 mL?

0.0214 L

How many liters is 58.8 mL?

0.0588 L

Sugar is easily soluble in water and has a molar mass of 342.30 g/mol. What is the molar concentration of a 236.1 mL aqueous solution prepared with 73.4 g of sugar?

0.908

When using the Ideal Gas Law, pressure should be expressed in units of atmospheres. Convert 745.1 mmHg to atmospheres.

0.9804 atm

Select the coefficients necessary to balance each equation. Choose a coefficient for every compound. 1) _____CaSo4 + _____KOH = _____Ca(OH)2 + _____K2SO4 2) _____CaCl2 + _____Na2PO4 = _____Ca3(PO4)2 + _____NaCl

1) 1 + 2 = 1 + 1 2) 3 + 2 = 1 + 6

Phosphate, PO43−, is a polyatomic ion that can combine with any cation to form an ionic compound. Identify all the formulas below that correctly represent phosphate compounds. Select one or more: 1) Combined with copper(I): Cu3PO4 2) Combined with lithium: Li3PO4 3) Combined with copper(I): (Cu)3PO4 4) Combined with lithium: Li2PO4 5) Combined with iron(III): FePO4 6) Combined with magnesium: Mg2(PO4)3 7) Combined with magnesium: Mg3(PO4)2 8) Combined with iron(III): Fe3(PO4)3

1) Cu3PO4 2) Li3PO4 5) FePO4 7) Mg3(PO4)2

Name each ionic compound based on its formula. 1) Ca(OH)2 2) Co3PO4 3) Al(IO3)3 4) Na2CO3

1) calcium hydroxide 2) cobalt (I) phosphate 3) aluminium iodate 4) sodium carbonate

Determine the type of each chemical equation describing a precipitation reaction. (net ionic vs. full molecular vs. full ionic) 1) Ca2+ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) = 2Na+ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) + CaSO4 (s) 2) Ca2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) = CaSO4(s) 3) CaBr2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) = 2NaBr (aq) + CaSO4 (s)

1) full ionic equation 2) net ionic equation 3) full molecular equation

A football field is 120 yards by 53.333 yards. What is the area of the football field in acres if 1 acre=43560 ft2? Use correct significant figures when answering this question.

1.3

If, at 25°C and standard pressure, 3.64 mL of dry air are injected into a graduated cylinder, how many moles of dry air are in the sample space?

1.488 x 10^-4

Read the buret, which is marked in mL, in the pictured close-up. Make sure to report your reading with the appropriate significant figures.

16.68 mL

Rank the following glassware used in lab from least accurate (1) to most accurate (3). graduated cylinder: volumetric pipette: beaker:

2, 3, 1

Suppose you are performing a gas-producing reaction to experimentally determine the molar volume of the gas. A sample of produces 21.5 mL of gas. The gas is collected over water at an atmospheric pressure of 770.9 mm Hg at 22 C, at which the vapor pressure of water is 19.8 mm Hg. What is the experimental value for the molar volume of the hydrogen gas in L/mol?

24.69

How many significant figures are in the number 0.0000409?

3

If a photon has a wavelength of 547.5 nm, what is the energy of the photon (in J)?

3.628 x 10^-19 J

Convert 0.45 cm to mm

4.5 mm

Suppose that you decompose 27.74 g of Ni2O3 which has a molar mass of 165.39 g/mol, into nickel and oxygen. 2Ni2O3(s)⟶4Ni(s)+3O2(g) After completing the decomposition, you have 9.11 g of solid Ni, which has a molar mass of 58.963 g/mol. What is the percent yield of your decomposition?

46.06%

Suppose you are measuring the mass of a solid sample on a balance using a weigh boat. You record the data in a table. Mass of weigh boat 2.664g Mass of weigh boat and sample is 8.195 g What is the mass of the solid sample (in g)?

5.531g

If an electron transition involves 3.54×10−19 J of energy, what is the wavelength (in nm) of the photon that is emitted?

561 nm

What is the literature value of the gas constant, R, in units of (L⋅kPa)/(mol ⋅K)? Report the value with at least three significant figures.

8.314

What is the correct formula for aluminum hypochlorite? AlClO AlClO3 Al3ClO Al(ClO)3 Al(ClO2)3

Al(ClO)3

Suppose a solution contains calcium, Ca2+, ions. According to solubility rules, which other ion should be added to form a precipitate? a) PO4 3- b) Cl- c) Pb2+ d) NO3-

a) PO4 3-

According to Boyle's Law, what should happen to the pressure of an ideal gas when its volume is increased at the same temperature? a) The pressure of the gas decreases. b) The pressure of the gas increases and then decreases. c) The pressure of the gas stays the same. d) The pressure of the gas increases.

a) The pressure of the gas decreases.

What is a titrant? a) The solution dispensed from the buret during a titration b) The solution contained in the flask during a titration c) The substance that changes color to signal the endpoint of a titration d) The liquid used to dilute the analyte solution

a) The solution dispensed from the buret during a titration

To activate the safety shower, pull down on the ________ a) handle b) rope c) shower head d) faucet

a) handle

To activate the eyewash, push the _______ towards the wall. a) lever b) button c) knob d) faucet

a) lever

Identify the following errors as systematic or random. A few drops of water are on a balance pan, causing the mass output on the balance to be high each time it is used. ________________ The last digit on a pH meter fluctuates up and down as a measurement is taken. ________________ A thermometer is placed such that the bulb makes poor contact with the measured substance, giving erratic temperature readings. ________________

systematic, random, random

Determine where each type of cleaning solution should be discarded after use. Water used to rinse detergent out of a flask _________ Solvent used to rinse chemicals out of a beaker _________ Acid solution used to clean a crucible _________

sink, waste container, waste container

To use a spectroscope, position the tool to allow light to enter through the _______ . The light will reflect off the _______ which separates it into colors. View the results on the _______ . a) wavelength scale b) slit c) diffraction grating

slit, diffraction grating, wavelength scale

Identify the following silver salts as soluble or insoluble in water. AgNO3: AgI: AgCl:

soluble insoluble insoluble

Identify each category of substance as soluble or insoluble in water. most nitrate salts: most silver salts: most halide (Br-, Cl-, I-) salts: most carbonate and phosphate salts: salts of Group 1 elements:

soluble insoluble soluble insoluble soluble

When heating a solution to boiling on a hot plate, start by _______ then, turn the heat to _______ to start. If necessary, _______ after waiting about ten minutes without seeing boiling.

starting and stabilizing the stir function, a medium heat setting, turn up the heat setting

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the _________ of the _________ as long as _________

sum, partial pressures of all component gases, the gases do not react with each other

While setting up a beaker to boil a solution on a hot plate, you notice that the stirring is erratic and unstable. What should you do to stabilize the stirring solution? Select one or more: a) move the beaker to the center of the hot plate b) completely turn off the stirring function c) clamp the beaker in place at the edge of the hot plate d) turn down the stirring speed

a) move the beaker to the center of the hot plate d) turn down the stirring speed

to handle a hot glass beaker it is best to use ______ , if you burn yourself immediately rinse the area with ______ , if a strong acid or base comes in contact with skin rinse immediately with ______

tongs, water, water

what should be done if a chemical gets in one of your eyes? chose as many as applicable a) use the eyewash station, being careful not to rub your eye b) nothing, unless the chemical causes discomfort. c) use a flexible hose on a faucet to rinse your eye, being careful not to rub your eye.

a) use the eyewash station, being careful not to rub your eye c) use a flexible hose on a faucet to rinse your eye, being careful not to rub your eye.

Determine when you should remove your goggles in the lab room: a) when everyone in the room is done handling any chemicals or glassware b) whenever you need to lean in close to get a volume reading c) when you have finished cleaning up your chemicals and glassware d) whenever your goggles become foggy or uncomfortable

a) when everyone in the room is done handling any chemicals or glassware

Convert 7860 feet to miles 7860 feet x ( A )/( B )

a: 1 mile b: 5280 feet

When an electron moves up to higher energy levels, the atom _______ a photon of energy whereas the atom _______ a photon of light when an electron drops to a lower energy level. The photons emitted from an atom appear as _______

absorbs, emits, a line spectrum

how do we determine the correct number of significant digits for measurements?

all the numbers we can see visually plus one additional estimated number

A neutralization reaction is a reaction between __________ that results in the formation of __________ and __________

an acid and a base, water, a salt

Suppose a solution contains chloride, Cl- ions. According to solubility rules, which other ion should be added to form a precipitate? a) CO3 2- b) Ca2+ c) Pb2+ d) Na+

c) Pb2+

The lid on a waste jar should never be tight, and a waste jar should not be filled past the bottom of the neck. Why not? a) To allow for easy transport of the waste from the fume hood to the disposal facility b) The lid of a waste jar is not designed to be in contact with chemical substances and may corrode. c) To ensure that the waste can be easily accessed, and that there is ample room for the waste and its vapors

c) To ensure that the waste can be easily accessed, and that there is ample room for the waste and its vapors

Suppose you mix NaCl and AgNO3 solutions according to the given equation. NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)⟶AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq) What evidence of a reaction do you expect to see? a) no reaction should occur b) a gas should form c) a precipitate should form d) a small molecule should form

c) a precipitate should form

In the Ideal Gas Law, what does P stand for? a) protons b) plankton c) pressure d) planning

c) pressure

If a large amount of a caustic chemical spills on your clothes, or if your clothing catches on fire, you need to use the a) fire extinguisher b) fire blanket c) safety shower d) eyewash station

c) safety shower

Convert 0.565 miles to feet 0.565 miles x ( C )/( D )

c: 5280 feet d: 1 mile

When cleaning a buret, begin by coating the inside with ________ . Empty most of it out, then drain the rest by ________ . Rinse with ________ , then hang upside-down on a buret rack.

detergent solution, opening the stopcock, deionized water

What do you do if a strong acid is spilled on a counter or in the fume hood? a) Avoid the area b) Use paper towels to clean it up, and dispose of towels in the garbage c) Notify the TA d) Use sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acid and notify the TA e) Either C or D

e) Either C or D

What precautions should you take if you boil or heat a solution? a) You should never leave the solution unattended. b) As long as you watch the solution closely, you can work on other parts of the experiment. c) When boiling a solution, you should use boiling chips to prevent splattering. d) You should always wear eye protection and secure long hair. e) You should make sure the beaker or flask rests securely on the ring stand or hot plate. f) All of the above

f) All of the above

Arrange the colors of the visible spectrum in order from highest to lowest energy

from highest to lowest: violet blue green yellow orange red

All chemical waste in the lab is disposed of in an appropriate waste jar located in the ______ , before you pour chemical waste into a waste jar, you must first read the _______ , and how will you dispose of non-toxic waste ________

fume hood, label, trash

Suppose you measure out 2.45 g of a metal, which corresponds to 0.0908 mol of the metal, and react with enough hydrochloric acid to produce 12.11 g of the metal chloride. Based on the data, what is the formula for the chloride you produced? a) MCl3 b) M2Cl3 c) MCl2 d) MCl

a) MCl3

What is the correct net ionic equation to describe this precipitation reaction? CaCl2(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)⟶2NaCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)

Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) = CaCO3 (s)

What is the correct net ionic equation to describe this precipitation reaction? Co(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) = 2NaNO3 (aq) + Co(OH)2 (s)

Co2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) = Co(OH)2 (s)

Identify correctly formatted scientific notation. Select one or more: a) 4.532×10^−9 b) 0.802×10^4 c) 6÷10^6 d) 6.1×10^12 e) 8×10^6 f) 9.31×100^−7

a) 4.532×10^−9 d) 6.1×10^12 e) 8×10^6

What should you do every time you are about to heat glassware on a hot plate? Select one or more: a) Inspect the hot plate for frayed cords b) Check that there are no cracks in the glassware c) Measure the height and width of the glassware d) Ensure that the glassware is designed for heating

a) Inspect the hot plate for frayed cords b) Check that there are no cracks in the glassware d) Ensure that the glassware is designed for heating

What occurs when aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3, reacts with aqueous potassium sulfate, K2SO4? a) No precipitate forms and no reaction occurs. b) Ag2SO4 forms as a precipitate. c) KNO3 forms as a precipitate. d) K2SO4 forms as a precipitate e) AgNO3 forms as a precipitate

b) Ag2SO4 forms as a precipitate.

What should you do with chemical waste when the waste jar in the hood is filled to the bottom of the neck? a) Label the beaker as waste and leave it next to the waste jar in the hood. b) Ask the stock room personnel to bring another waste jar. c) Keep pouring waste into the waste jar until it is completely full.

b) Ask the stock room personnel to bring another waste jar.

According to solubility rules, which compound should dissolve in water? a) CaSO4 b) K3PO4 c) MgCO3 d) AgBr

b) K3PO4

According to solubility rules, which compound should not dissolve in water? a) Ca(NO3)2 b) MgCO3 c) MgSO4 d) Na2CO3

b) MgCO3

How do you dispose of broken glassware, such as a broken test tube or beaker that contains a chemical residue? a) Wrap the broken pieces in paper towels and place them in the garbage b) Place in the red can labeled "glass only" c) Remove chemical residue, then place it in the red can labeled "glass only" d) Remove chemical residue, then place in the garbage can

b) Place in the red can labeled "glass only"

What is the analyte in an acid-base titration experiment? a) The solution of known concentration that is slowly added to a solution of unknown concentration b) The solution of an unknown concentration that has another solution slowly added to it c) The reagent added to the analyte solution that changes color when the reaction is complete d) The point at which the moles of base equals the moles of acid

b) The solution of an unknown concentration that has another solution slowly added to it

Which observations support Boyle's Law? Select one or more: a) Pressure and volume both increase at the same rate. b) When volume of a gas is decreased, its pressure will increase c) As gas pressure decreases, its volume increases. d) The product of a gas's pressure and volume is constant.

b) When volume of a gas is decreased, its pressure will increase c) As gas pressure decreases, its volume increases. d) The product of a gas's pressure and volume is constant.

What visible sign does NOT indicate a precipitation reaction when two solutions are mixed? a) solution becoming cloudy b) bubbling in the test tube c) particulate solid matter floating d) solid settling to the bottom

b) bubbling in the test tube

Telltale signs of a chemical reaction include which the following: a) breaking apart b) evolution of heat c) formation of a solid d) color change e) evolution of gas

b) evolution of heat c) formation of a solid d) color change e) evolution of gas

What is the name of the compound with the formula of BF3?

boron trifluoride

In order to use a pipet, place a _______ at the top of the pipet. Use this object to fill the pipet such that the _______ of the liquid is even with the volume line. Release the liquid, touching the tip of the pipet to the side of the container if necessary to release the last drop _______ the pipet tip.

bulb or pump, meniscus, outside

If the ratio of the moles of Cl to Fe in a compound was found to be 2.981, what would be the empirical formula of the compound? a) Fe3Cl b) ClFe3 c) FeCl3 d) Cl3Fe

c) FeCl3

What practice will not help you make an accurate volume reading on a buret at the beginning of a titration? a) Read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus. b) Make sure the meniscus falls within the marked range on the buret. c) Make sure that the meniscus starts exactly at 0.00 mL. d) Read the volume with the meniscus at eye level.

c) Make sure that the meniscus starts exactly at 0.00 mL.

What needs to be included in the label for each axis of a graph? Select one or more: a) Relationship to quantity displayed on other axis b) Description of how measurement was made c) Name of quantity displayed on axis d) Units of quantity displayed on axis

c) Name of quantity displayed on axis d) Units of quantity displayed on axis

Are shorts allowed in the lab? a) Yes, only if they are knee-length or longer. b) Yes, and it doesn't matter how long they are. c) No, only long pants are allowed.

c) No, only long pants are allowed.

Which is an example of an accurate manipulation of the Ideal Gas Law? a) PV=(nR)/T b) PV = (RT)/n c) PV = (nT)/R d) (PV)/R = nT

d) (PV)/R = nT

When is the best time to clean glassware during the lab session? a) Whenever you run out of clean glassware b) Once there is a sink full of items c) All at once at the end of the session d) As soon as practical after use

d) As soon as practical after use

When electricity passes through a gas element in a discharge tube, light is given off. What is the cause of this phenomenon? a) The energy from electricity causes most elements to decompose, emitting light. b) Electricity excites electrons from the element into higher energy states. The presence of electrons in these excited states causes the element to emit light. c) The energy from electricity causes an electron to move from the ground state to a lower energy state, emitting a photon of a certain wavelength. d) Electricity excites electrons from the element into higher energy states. The electrons then return to the ground state, releasing energy corresponding to the wavelengths of the light seen.

d) Electricity excites electrons from the element into higher energy states. The electrons then return to the ground state, releasing energy corresponding to the wavelengths of the light seen.

Which of these bonds is formed due to the opposite charges of cations and anions being attracted to each other? a) Covalent b) Oxygen c) Non-polar d) Ionic e) Hydrogen

d) Ionic

what precautions should you take with long hair? a) No long hair is allowed in the lab. b) Use one hand to hold your hair out of the way of experiments, if necessary. c) No precautions are necessary. d) Long hair must be secured with a rubber band, barette, or headband.

d) Long hair must be secured with a rubber band, barette, or headband.

Which of the following salts do you expect to be soluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solution? a) BaSO4 b) Fe(OH)2 c) Ag2CO3 d) NaCO3

d) NaCO3

Which is NOT a good source of information about the hazards that affect waste disposal in a chemistry lab? a) The chemical bottle labels b) The chemical Safety Data Sheets c) Your instructor's directions d) Your lab partner

d) Your lab partner

Determine the relative order of the metric prefixes of kilo-, micro-, centi-, and milli-: for the same base unit ______ is less than ______ , which is less than ______ , which is less than ______

micro- , milli- , centi- , kilo-

A _______ study is characterized by precise measurements and numerical data, while a _______ study is characterized by a lack of precise numerical data.

quantitative, qualitative

Consider the diagram of the energy levels in a hydrogen atom, and determine the most likely electron transition corresponding to each color on a line spectrum. Each transition will be used once. violet line: red line: blue line:

violet line: n=6 to n=2 red line: n=3 to n=2 blue line: n=5 to n=2

Identify which balance was used to make each mass reading. 5.43g = a balance with ________ tolerance 1.230g = a balance with ________ tolerance 6.529g = a balance with ________ tolerance 4.0000g = a balance with ________ tolerance 0.90g = a balance with ________ tolerance

±0.01, ±0.001, ±0.001, ±0.0001, ±0.01