chem

What is the ratio of hydroxyl groups to carbon atoms in a molecule of glucose?

1 hydroxyl group:1 carbon atom

What is this hydrocarbon's correct IUPAC name?

1-methyl-2-propylcyclopentane

What is the IUPAC name for the molecule shown below?

1-pentanethiol

Cycloalkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the maximum number of hydrogens for the given number of carbons (n). However, because these are cyclic, they contain 2 fewer hydrogen atoms than straight chain alkanes. If a cycloalkane has 6 carbon atoms, then it must have ___ hydrogen atoms that saturate it structure.

12

What is the bond angle on the central carbon of an aldehyde?

120°

How many carbon atoms are present in the parent chain in the alcohol shown in the skeletal line structure below?

13

How many thiol functional groups are found in the compound shown below?

2

What is this hydrocarbon's correct IUPAC name?

2,5-dimethyloctane

When naming the compound shown below, which labeled carbon would be the first in the parent chain?

A

Decane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, is an organic compound found in petroleum products such as kerosene. Which statement best describes this molecule?

A hydrocarbon that is classified as an alkane because it has only single bonds.

Octane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, is an organic compound found in gasoline. Which statement best describes an octane molecule?

A hydrocarbon that is classified as an alkane because it only has single bonds.

Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic that can be used to treat pneumonia infections that are caused by bacteria. The structure for moxifloxacin is shown below. Four carbon atoms have been labeled. Which labeled carbon is a central carbon of a ketone group?

B

Which statement is incorrect concerning structural isomers?

Branched-chain isomers have higher boiling points than their straight-chain isomers.

Cyclopentane is used in the manufacture of rubber adhesives and synthetic resins. The United States produces more than half a million kilograms of this chemical per year. What is the formula for cyclopentane?

C5H10

What is the molecular formula for the following geometric isomer?

C5H10

What is the molecular formula for the following cycloalkene?

C6H10

What is the molecular formula for the following diene?

C6H8

Which of the listed compounds is an alkane?

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Which of the listed compounds is not a hydrocarbon?

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

Which condensed notation below represents an alcohol?

CH3OH

D-Fructose is a simple sugar in its open-chain form. It is found in honey. The structure for D-fructose is shown below. Four carbons in the molecule have been labeled. Which labeled carbon is a central carbon of a ketone group?

D

Which statement is incorrect concerning cycloalkanes?

Each carbon atom in a cycloalkane is tetrahedral with bond angles of 180°.

Why is methanol a liquid at room temperature and methane is a gas at the same temperature?

Hydrogen bonding in methanol increases its boiling point.

Which statement is not true about the compound shown below?

It contains an aromatic carbon ring.

Vanillin is sometimes added to pharmaceuticals to make them taste better to patients. The structure for vanillin is shown below. Which of the following statements is not true about vanillin?

It contains one ester group.

Simvastatin is a drug that is used to help lower LDL cholesterol levels. The structure for simvastatin is shown below.

It contains one secondary alcohol group.

Which statement best describes a micelle?

It is a spherical arrangement of amphoteric molecules such that the polar heads form the surface and the nonpolar hydrocarbon tails are found on the interior.

Which statement is true of the C=O bond found in a carbonyl group?

It is polar covalent.

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of a ketone functional group?

The central carbon contains one single bond to a hydrogen atom.

Which of the following is also not a defining characteristic of a ketone functional group?

The central carbon has a tetrahedral geometry.

Butane is a gas in lighters. Which statement correctly describes the number of structural isomers that have the molecular formula C4H10?

There are two stereoisomers for butane. One is a straight-chain isomer, and the other is a branched-chain isomer.

Fats are a type of lipid that contains a significant hydrocarbon component to their chemical structure. Which statement best describes this class of biological molecules?

These are large organic compounds that will not dissolve in water because much of their chemical structure is composed of a hydrocarbon component.

Which statement describes the intermolecular forces found in aldehydes?

They have dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and dispersion forces.

Which statement accurately describes this hydrocarbon?

This compound is a structural isomer of straight-chain butane.

All of which of the following sets of functional groups contain carbonyl groups?

aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids

Methane, CH4, is an organic compound used to heat homes. This compound contains only carbon-hydrogen single bonds. What type of hydrocarbon is methane?

alkane

Which of the listed compounds is aromatic?

anthracene

A phenol functional group contains a(n)

aromatic ring with a hydroxyl group replacing one of the hydrogens.

What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the following skeletal line structure?

butane

What is the IUPAC name for the following geometric isomer?

cis-2-butene

What is the IUPAC name for the following geometric isomer?

cis-3-hexene

C6H12 is made on the industrial scale by reacting the aromatic hydrocarbon benzene with hydrogen. What is the name that corresponds to this formula?

cyclohexane

This molecule is a structural isomer of the hydrocarbon known as

cyclooctane.

Ethylene glycol is commonly used as an antifreeze. Its skeletal line structure is shown below.

diol

How many carbon atoms are found in this compound's parent chain?

eight

Which of the following functional groups contains a carbonyl group?

ester

What is the substituent found in this compound's parent chain?

ethyl

Narcan is a medication that can counteract the effects of an opiate overdose. The structure for the compound found in Narcan is shown below. How many different types of carbon-heteroatom bonds are found in this structure?

four

Very reactive atoms and molecules that have an unpaired single nonbonding electron are called

free radicals.

Which type of compound is a saturated hydrocarbon?

heptane

This molecule is a structural isomer of

hexane

What is the name of the compound with this Lewis structure?

methane

What is the IUPAC name for the molecule shown below?

methanethiol

A student wants to name the following molecule. Before he does this, he wants to identify the substituent and its correct locator number. He determines that this compound has a ____ substituent located at ___.

methyl, carbon-4

A compound is shown below. How many aromatic groups are found in this compound?

one

Albuterol is a medication that is prescribed to asthma patients to help alleviate breathing issues. The structure for albuterol is shown below. How many phenol functional groups are found in albuterol?

one

How many hydrocarbon functional groups are found in the compound shown below?

one

How many hydrogen atoms are on the indicated carbon atom?

one

Lisinopril, shown below, is an ACE inhibitor drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. How many aromatic groups, if any, are found in Lisinopril's chemical structure?

one

Penicillamine is a medication that is used to treat Wilson's disease and kidney stones. The structure for penicillamine is shown below. How many, if any, thiol functional groups are found in penicillamine?

one

Tramadol is a medication that is used in pain management. The structure for tramadol is shown below. How many hydrocarbon functional groups are found in this structure?

one

Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid that can be found in chicken, turkey, and fish. The structure for tyrosine is shown below. How many carbonyl functional groups are found in tyrosine?

one

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. It can be found in vegetable oil and meats. The skeletal line structure for vitamin E is shown below. How many phenol functional groups are found in vitamin E?

one

This molecule is a structural isomer of

pentane

What is the IUPAC name for the alkene shown below?

propene

Which functional group plays a key role in how proteins fold?

thiol

Paclitaxel, shown below, is the active ingredient in Taxol, which is used to treat a number of cancers. How many aromatic groups, if any, are found in paclitaxel's chemical structure?

three

What is the IUPAC name for the following geometric isomer?

trans-3-hexene

Bisphenol A is an additive used to harden plastics. The structure for Bisphenol A is shown below. How many phenol groups does Bisphenol A contain?

two

Cetirizine, shown below, is an active ingredient in Zyrtec, used as an antihistamine. How many aromatic groups, if any, are found in cetirizine's chemical structure?

two

Ethene is used in the production of plastics. The Lewis structure for ethene is shown below. How many electron pairs are represented in the double bond in the Lewis structure for ethene?

two

How many hydrogen atoms are on the indicated carbon atom?

two

Styrene is used to make polystyrene foam. The structure for styrene is shown below. How many hydrocarbon functional groups are found in styrene?

two

The oxygen center in a hydroxyl group has the same geometry as a(n)

water molecule.

Azithromycin is an antibiotic that is commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections in the ears, lungs, and throat. The structure of azithromycin is shown below.

zero

Cholesterol, shown below, is a type of lipid molecule essential to the health of animal cell membranes. How many aromatic groups, if any, are found in cholesterol's chemical structure?

zero

How many lone pairs of electrons does the carbon atom need to complete its octet in this Lewis structure?

zero

How many lone pairs of electrons does the hydrogen atom labeled "1" need to complete its shell in this Lewis structure?

zero

Methionine is an essential amino acid that plays a major role in metabolism and in the growth of blood vessels. The structure for methionine is shown below. How many thiol groups are found in the structure of methionine?

zero

Simvastatin is a drug that is used to help lower LDL cholesterol levels. The structure for simvastatin is shown below. How many aldehyde groups are found in the structure of simvastatin?

zero

Sulfanilamide is also known as a sulfa drug that is used as an antibacterial. The structure for sulfanilamide is shown below. How many thiol groups are found in sulfanilamide?

zero

Tramadol is a medication that is used in pain management. The structure for tramadol is shown below. How many carbonyl functional groups are found in this structure?

zero