Chemistry Chapter 1

scientific theory

A _______________ is a concise statement that describes the results of many observations and experiments.

systematical

A logical ____________ approach is the best way to solve a difficult problem.

living organisms

Biochemistry is the study of the processes that take place in _______________.

five

Chemistry has traditionally been divided into ________ areas of study.

composition, changes

Chemistry is the study of the ____________ of matter and the ____________ that matter undergoes.

experiment

Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: an iron ball and piece of wood are dropped from the same height

observation

Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: an iron ball falls to the ground when you drop it.

scientific law

Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: gravity attracts every object in the universe to every other object

hypothesis

Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: if the earth is a giant magnet, then iron will be attracted to the earth

observation

Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: the iron ball and wood fall at the same rate

scientific theory

If a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation, it may become a __________, which is a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations.

inorganic chemistry

Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: determine the composition of a moon rock sample

organic chemistry

Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: develop a plastic (containing carbon) that can be decomposed by bacteria

biochemistry

Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: do research on making a new medicine to treat high blood pressure

organic chemistry

Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: improve the method for extracting iron from iron ore

physical chemistry

Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: investigate ways to regulate the rate of gasoline burning in an automobile engine

physical chemistry

Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: determining the energy transfer when water boils

analytical chemistry

Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: finding out how much nitrogen is in a sample of air

organic chemistry

Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: manufacturing nylon, which contains carbon.

biochemistry

Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: studying the process of photosynthesis in plants

scientific method, hypothesis

One logical approach to solving scientific problems is the _____________. This method begins with an observation followed by ________________ or a proposed explanation for what is observed.

carbon, carbon

Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that contain _______ while inorganic chemistry is primarily the study of chemicals that do not contain _________.

Antoine Lavosier

This man helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today

experiment

You can conduct an _________ to test a hypothesis.

physical chemistry, energy transfer

_______________ deals with mechanism, the rate, and the _________________ that occurs when matter undergoes a change.

Analytical chemistry

________________ is focused on the composition of matter.

scientific method

a logical approach to the solution of scientific problems

experiment

a means to test a hypothesis

hypothesis

a proposed explanation for an observation

model

a representation of an object or event

manipulated variable

a variable that one changes during an experiment

scientific theory

a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

scientific law

describes many observations but does not explain them

observation

information obtained through one's senses

applied chemistry

research that directed towards a practical goal or application

pure chemistry

the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

organic chemistry

the study of essentially all chemicals that contain carbon

inorganic chemistry

the study of essentially all chemicals that do not contain carbon

biochemistry

the study of the chemistry of living organisms

chemistry

the study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes

analytical chemistry

the study of the composition of substances

physical chemistry

the study of the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs

analyze, calculate, and evaluate

the three steps for solving a numeric word problem are ___________________

responding variable

the variable that is observed during an experiment