Chemistry Chapter 1
scientific theory
A _______________ is a concise statement that describes the results of many observations and experiments.
systematical
A logical ____________ approach is the best way to solve a difficult problem.
living organisms
Biochemistry is the study of the processes that take place in _______________.
five
Chemistry has traditionally been divided into ________ areas of study.
composition, changes
Chemistry is the study of the ____________ of matter and the ____________ that matter undergoes.
experiment
Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: an iron ball and piece of wood are dropped from the same height
observation
Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: an iron ball falls to the ground when you drop it.
scientific law
Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: gravity attracts every object in the universe to every other object
hypothesis
Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: if the earth is a giant magnet, then iron will be attracted to the earth
observation
Classify the following step in the following application of the scientific method: the iron ball and wood fall at the same rate
scientific theory
If a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation, it may become a __________, which is a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
inorganic chemistry
Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: determine the composition of a moon rock sample
organic chemistry
Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: develop a plastic (containing carbon) that can be decomposed by bacteria
biochemistry
Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: do research on making a new medicine to treat high blood pressure
organic chemistry
Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: improve the method for extracting iron from iron ore
physical chemistry
Match the project to the appropriate field of chemistry: investigate ways to regulate the rate of gasoline burning in an automobile engine
physical chemistry
Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: determining the energy transfer when water boils
analytical chemistry
Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: finding out how much nitrogen is in a sample of air
organic chemistry
Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: manufacturing nylon, which contains carbon.
biochemistry
Name one of the five branches of chemistry that represents each activity: studying the process of photosynthesis in plants
scientific method, hypothesis
One logical approach to solving scientific problems is the _____________. This method begins with an observation followed by ________________ or a proposed explanation for what is observed.
carbon, carbon
Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that contain _______ while inorganic chemistry is primarily the study of chemicals that do not contain _________.
Antoine Lavosier
This man helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today
experiment
You can conduct an _________ to test a hypothesis.
physical chemistry, energy transfer
_______________ deals with mechanism, the rate, and the _________________ that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
Analytical chemistry
________________ is focused on the composition of matter.
scientific method
a logical approach to the solution of scientific problems
experiment
a means to test a hypothesis
hypothesis
a proposed explanation for an observation
model
a representation of an object or event
manipulated variable
a variable that one changes during an experiment
scientific theory
a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations
scientific law
describes many observations but does not explain them
observation
information obtained through one's senses
applied chemistry
research that directed towards a practical goal or application
pure chemistry
the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
organic chemistry
the study of essentially all chemicals that contain carbon
inorganic chemistry
the study of essentially all chemicals that do not contain carbon
biochemistry
the study of the chemistry of living organisms
chemistry
the study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes
analytical chemistry
the study of the composition of substances
physical chemistry
the study of the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs
analyze, calculate, and evaluate
the three steps for solving a numeric word problem are ___________________
responding variable
the variable that is observed during an experiment
