Chemistry: Chapter 14

mono

1

5 factors affecting rate of reaction

1. concentration - c increase, ror(rate of reaction) increase 2. temperature - temp decrease, sop(speed of particles) decrease 3. inhibitor - slows down reaction 4. surface area - increase SA, ror increase 5. catalyst - speeds up reaction

real life examples

1. temperature - cookies bake faster at higher temperatures 2. concentration - two antacid tablets will neutralize a given amount of acid faster than one tablet will 3. surface area - the more surface area that is available for particles to collide, the faster the reaction will occur. you can see an example of this in everyday life if you have ever tried to start a fire in the fireplace 4. inhibitor - treatment of influenza via the neuraminidase inhibitor, Relenza TM 5. catalyst - enzymes in your mouth/saliva when you put a cracker in your mouth

deca

10

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

8 aluminum, 12 chlorine, 8 nitrogen, 24 oxygen

Ex: Counting Atoms 4Al2Cl3(NO3)2

exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings, and the substance loses energy/heat

endothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings; the surrounding grow cooler while the substance gets hotter

decomposition

a compound breaks up to form 2 elements or a simple compound; AB > A + B

single replacement

a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound; A + BC > B + AC

synthesis

has two elements or compounds combine to form another compound; A + B > AB

combustion

it includes oxygen as a reactant and produces carbon dioxide and water plus large amounts of heat AB + O2 > CO2 + H20

subscript

it shows how many atoms are in an element in a compound; it cannot be changed

how does a balanced equation show the law of conservation of mass

it shows that there are the same amount of atoms of an element on one side of the equation as there are on the other; this means that the mass has remained the same

how do endothermic and exothermic reactions obey the law of conservation of energy

the energy is absorbed or released, so none of it is lost

law of conservation of mass

the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in any chemical and physical changes

what does a chemical formula tell you

the number and types of atoms in a compound/molecule/substance

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to make one or more new substances

what is the rate of a reaction

the speed at which a reaction takes place

covalent formula

the subscript tells you the prefix Ex: P402 > tetraphosphorus dioxide

how do chemical reactions occur

the substances' bond's break, and join together with other substances to form a new substance. The chemical and physical properties of the new substance differ from those of the original substances

double replacement

two compounds combine to form two new compounds; the cation from one compound replaces the cation from the other compound; AB + CD > AD + CB

signs that indicate a chemical reaction

unexpected color change, gas formation, formation of precipitate, production of light, heat

the reactants, the arrow (yields), and the products.

what are the parts of a chemical equation

describes a chemical change

what does a chemical equation explain

how many atoms of an element are in the compound

what does the subscript and coefficient tell you

ionic formula

you use the crisscross method. the charge of one is the subscript of the other atom, and vice versa