Chemistry: Chapter 14
mono
1
5 factors affecting rate of reaction
1. concentration - c increase, ror(rate of reaction) increase 2. temperature - temp decrease, sop(speed of particles) decrease 3. inhibitor - slows down reaction 4. surface area - increase SA, ror increase 5. catalyst - speeds up reaction
real life examples
1. temperature - cookies bake faster at higher temperatures 2. concentration - two antacid tablets will neutralize a given amount of acid faster than one tablet will 3. surface area - the more surface area that is available for particles to collide, the faster the reaction will occur. you can see an example of this in everyday life if you have ever tried to start a fire in the fireplace 4. inhibitor - treatment of influenza via the neuraminidase inhibitor, Relenza TM 5. catalyst - enzymes in your mouth/saliva when you put a cracker in your mouth
deca
10
di
2
tri
3
tetra
4
penta
5
hexa
6
hepta
7
octa
8
nona
9
8 aluminum, 12 chlorine, 8 nitrogen, 24 oxygen
Ex: Counting Atoms 4Al2Cl3(NO3)2
exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings, and the substance loses energy/heat
endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings; the surrounding grow cooler while the substance gets hotter
decomposition
a compound breaks up to form 2 elements or a simple compound; AB > A + B
single replacement
a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound; A + BC > B + AC
synthesis
has two elements or compounds combine to form another compound; A + B > AB
combustion
it includes oxygen as a reactant and produces carbon dioxide and water plus large amounts of heat AB + O2 > CO2 + H20
subscript
it shows how many atoms are in an element in a compound; it cannot be changed
how does a balanced equation show the law of conservation of mass
it shows that there are the same amount of atoms of an element on one side of the equation as there are on the other; this means that the mass has remained the same
how do endothermic and exothermic reactions obey the law of conservation of energy
the energy is absorbed or released, so none of it is lost
law of conservation of mass
the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in any chemical and physical changes
what does a chemical formula tell you
the number and types of atoms in a compound/molecule/substance
chemical reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to make one or more new substances
what is the rate of a reaction
the speed at which a reaction takes place
covalent formula
the subscript tells you the prefix Ex: P402 > tetraphosphorus dioxide
how do chemical reactions occur
the substances' bond's break, and join together with other substances to form a new substance. The chemical and physical properties of the new substance differ from those of the original substances
double replacement
two compounds combine to form two new compounds; the cation from one compound replaces the cation from the other compound; AB + CD > AD + CB
signs that indicate a chemical reaction
unexpected color change, gas formation, formation of precipitate, production of light, heat
the reactants, the arrow (yields), and the products.
what are the parts of a chemical equation
describes a chemical change
what does a chemical equation explain
how many atoms of an element are in the compound
what does the subscript and coefficient tell you
ionic formula
you use the crisscross method. the charge of one is the subscript of the other atom, and vice versa
