Chemistry Chapter 2 Notes

which of the following ion combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges? - 2 Li+ and S2- - K+ and O2- - Ca2+ and 2 F- - Mg2+ and Cl- - Na+ and Br-

- 2 Li+ and S2- - Ca2+ and 2 F- - Na+ and Br-

which of the following ionic compounds are written correctly? - CaCO3 - NaNO3 - Na(OH) - KSO4 - Mg3(PO4)2

- CaCO3 - NaNO3 - Mg(PO4)2

which transition metals usually form only one monoatomic cation? - Cd - Cu - Fe - Zn - Ag

- Cd - Zn - Ag

what correctly describes the formation of binary ionic compounds? - a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal - the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms - a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations - a binary ionic compound forms by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals

- a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal - the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms - a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations

what describes covalent compounds? - covalent compounds form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal - a covalent compound is composed of oppositely charged ions - a covalent compound is formed when electrons are shared - the smallest unit of a covalent compound is called a molecule

- a covalent compound is formed when electrons are shared - the smallest unit of a covalent compound is called a molecule

What correctly describes the bonding in NaCl, which is an ionic compound? - Cl loses an electron to form the anion Cl- - ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal - Na+ and Cl- ions share electrons to form a stable compound - the attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond - Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+

- ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal - the attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond - Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+

what correctly describes the bonding in NaCl, which is an ionic compound? - ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal - the attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond - Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+ - Cl loses an electron to form the anion Cl- - Na+ and Cl- ions share electrons to form a stable compound

- ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal - the attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond - Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+

which of the following nonmetals exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature? - nitrogen - phosphorus - carbon - fluorine - oxygen

- nitrogen - fluorine - oxygen

match each oxoanion with its correct name - BrO(4)- - BrO(3)- - BrO(2)- - BrO-

- perbromate - bromate - bromite - hypobromite

which are correct names for ionic compounds? - sodium(I) bromide - calcium difluoride - potassium chloride - chromium sulfide - copper(II) oxide

- potassium chloride - copper (II) oxide

What correctly describes a polyatomic ion? - polyatomic ions are found in molecular compounds - polyatomic ion always contains two or more different elements - the charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit - the atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds - all polyatomic ions are negatively charged

- the charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit - the atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds

how many electrons are present in the ion ^79 v34 Se2- ?

36: Se gains two electrons to form the negatively charged Se2-

Ag usually forms the ____ cation

Ag+

Cd usually forms the ____ cation

Cd2+

the correct formula for the compound dichlorine pentoxide is Cl__O__

Cl2O5

match each metal ion to the correct roman numeral that would be used when naming an ionic compound: - Fe3+ - Zn2+ - Cu+ - Cr2+

Fe3+ : (III) Cr2+ : (II) Zn2+ : none Cu+ : (I)

match each group in the periodic table with the correct name: Group 1A Group 2A Group 7A Group 8A

Group 1A: alkali metals Group 2A: alkaline earth metals Group 7A: halogens Group 8A: noble gases

what is the monatomic ion formed by an atom of nitrogen?

Na3+ (needs to gain 3 electrons, forming the negative N3- ion)

what is the correct symbol for the oxide anion, which has a charge of -2?

O2-

classify the following elements according to its position on the table: S Cu Ca Si

S: nonmetal Cu: transition metal Ca: main-group metal Si: metalloid

Zn usually forms the _____ cation

Zn2+

mixture

a combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically bonded

which statement correctly defines a molecule: - a molecule is the basic unit of a compound - a molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together - "molecule" is another word for "atom" - a molecule is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

a molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together

what defines a covalent bond?

a pair of electrons shared between two nuclei

metalloid

an element that has properties between those of metals and nonmetals

metal

an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity, has a shiny surface, and is malleable and ductile

nonmetal

an element that is generally a gas or a dull brittle solid at room temperature, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

a molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically ______ together. a molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a(n) _______ molecule

bound; diatomic

monatomic ion

cation or anion derived from a single atom

polyatomic ions

cation or anion derived from a small group of atoms

the ionic compound CrCl3 is correctly named:

chromium (III) chloride (greek prefixes are not used to name ionic compounds, so not trichloride)

the compound Cu(v2)O is correctly named

copper (I) oxide - since the oxide anion has a -2 charge, the total positive charge is +2 - this is divided between the two Cu ions, meaning each have a charge of +1 and it would be (I) indicating the charge on each Cu+ cation

the term "molecule" is used to describe the basic unit of a(n) ____ compound. some elements are also composed of molecules. the term cannot be used to describe a(n) _____ compound, which consists instead of a continuous three-dimensional array of _____

covalent; ionic; ions

diatomic element

element in the form of two of its atoms bonded together

a(n) _____ contains only one type of atom, whereas a(n) _____ is composed of two or more different elements bonded together. a(n) _____ also contains more than one substance, but these can be separated by physical means

element; compound; mixture

formula and molecular masses are calculated using the chemical _____ of the relevant compound, and the atomic masses obtained from the _____ table. the ____ of the atomic masses in the correct proportions gives the formula or molecular mass of the compound

formula; periodic; sum

an ionic bond is stronger for ions with ____ charges and ____ size

higher; smaller

roman numerals are used in naming _____ compounds containing a metal that can form more than one ____. the roman numeral specifies the charge on the metal

ionic; cation

elements combine in two general ways. in _____ compounds electrons are transferred from one element to the other, while in _____ compounds the electrons are shared between the atoms

ionic; covalent

the formula of a(n) ____ compound represents the simplest ratio of the relative numbers of cations and anions present. the ratio is called the formula ____ of the compound

ionic; unit

in the formation of ionic compounds a metal will _____ electrons and a nonmetal will ______ electrons to form ions that each have the same number of electrons as the nearest _______

lose; gain; noble gas

anion

negatively charged ion (gained electrons)

Classify each combination of elements according to the type of compound formed - nitrogen and hydrogen - calcium and oxygen - sulfer and oxygen - iron and sulfer - sodium and chlorine - carbon and bromine

nitrogen and hydrogen: C calcium and oxygen: I sulfer and oxygen: C iron and sulfer: I sodium and chlorine: I carbon and bromine: C

which of the following combinations of elements would form a covalent bond? oxygen and nitrogen calcium and bromine carbon and oxygen hydrogen and sulfer potassium and chlorine

oxygen and nitrogen carbon and oxygen hydrogen and sulfer

A unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called __ ion. Many __ compounds contain such units

polyatomic; ionic

cation

positively charged ion (lost electrons)

element

substance consisting of only one type of atom

compound

two or more elements bonded together

the common name for the compound H2O is _____, while the compound NH3 is commonly known as _____

water; ammonia

What correctly describes how to calculate a molecular or formula mass for a compound? - in a formula such as N2O, the atomic masses of both elements should be multiplied by 2 - the formula/molecular mass is given by the sum of the masses of the component elements in the correct proportions - in a formula such as Ca(NO3)2, all the numbers of atoms inside the parentheses must be multiplied by 2 because of the subscript 2 - the atomic mass of a cation or anion is basically the same as the mass of the neutral element

- the formula/molecular mass is given by the sum of the masses of the component elements in the correct proportions - in a formula such as Ca(NO3)2, all the numbers of atoms inside the parentheses must be multiplied by 2 because of the subscript 2 - the atomic mass of a cation or anion is basically the same as the mass of the neutral element

what statements correctly describe the formation of binary ionic compounds? - the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms - a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations - a binary ionic compound forms by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals - a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal

- the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms - a binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations - a binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal

the ion with more O atoms takes the nonmetal root and the suffix _____ the ion with fewer O atoms takes the nonmetal root and the suffix _____

-ate - ite