Chemistry Chapter 3 Test

State that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

Law of Multiple Proportions

Form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape of its container, particles are rigidly held in place and are less tightly packed than those of a solid

Liquid

Properties that are dependent on the amount of substance present are _________ a. intensive properties b. extensive properties c. chemical properties d. external properties

b. extensive properties

Which of the following is not a physical change? a. iron melting b. rotting food c. breaking a crystal d. cutting paper into small pieces

b. rotting food

As water of hydrogen peroxide break down to hydrogen and oxygen, they change from ________ to ________ a. homogeneous mixtures : heterogeneous mixtures b. elements : compounds c. compounds : elements d. heterogeneous mixtures : compounds

c. compounds: elements

A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate heterogeneous mixtures is _________ a. distillation b. chromatography c. filtration d. crystallization

c. filtration

Sublimation is a process in which a ________ changes to a _________ without melting a. solid : liquid b. liquid : gas c. solid : gas d. gas : liquid

c. solid : gas

What to liquids do when heated?

Expand

Dependent on the amount of substance present

Extensive property

Separates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier

Filtration

Liquid to gas

Boiling/evaporation

Ability to combine with other substances

Chemical

Chemical Formula for H₂O

Chemical Change

Forms green carbonate when exposed to moist air

Chemical Change

Remains unchanged when in the presence of nitrogen

Chemical Change

A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances, new substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different properties from the substances present before the reaction occurred

Chemical change

Burn

Chemical change

Corrode

Chemical change

Explode

Chemical change

Ferment

Chemical change

Oxidize

Chemical change

Rot

Chemical change

Rust

Chemical change

Tarnish

Chemical change

The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

Chemical property

Separates substances based on their movements through a special paper

Chromatography

Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically

Compound

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from a solution

Crystallization

Gas to solid

Deposition

Separates substances on the basis of boiling points of the substances

Distillation

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Element

Liquid to solid

Freezing

Form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container but also fills the entire volume of its container, particles are very far apart

Gas

A mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct (salad dressing)

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that has constant composition throughout (milk)

Homogeneous mixture

Independent of the amount of substance present

Intensive property

States that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it is conserved

Law of Conservation of Mass

States that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass no matter how large or small the sample

Law of Definite Proportions

Mass Percentage formula

Mass percentage of element= mass of element/mass of compound x 100%

Solid to liquid

Melting

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

Mixture

Distillation separates mixtures by their _________ a. molecular weights b. boiling points c. densities d. freezing points

b. boiling points

Can the particles in a gas be compressed into a smaller volume?

No

The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage

Percent by Mass

Organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups or families

Periodic Table

A transition of matter from one state to another

Phase change

Boiling point

Physical

Colorless

Physical

Conducts electricity

Physical

Density is 1g/cm³

Physical

Liquid at normal temperatures and pressures

Physical

Melting point

Physical

Solid at normal temperatures and pressures

Physical

A change which alters a substance without changing its composition

Physical change

Boil

Physical change

Condense

Physical change

Crumple

Physical change

Crush

Physical change

Freeze

Physical change

Grind

Physical change

Melt

Physical change

Vaporize

Physical change

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition

Physical property

Form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, particles are tightly packed

Solid

Another word for a homogeneous solution

Solutions

All matter that exists naturally on Earth can be classified as one of three physical forms: solid, liquid, gas

States of matter

Solid to gas

Sublimation

The process during which a solid changes to a vapor without melting or going through the liquid phase

Sublimation

A material that cannot be broken down further by chemical means is a(n) ________ a. substance b. element c. mixture d. compound

b. element

Refers to the gaseous state that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature

Vapor

What is the mass of a product if the reactants have mass of 44.6 grams (Fe) and 12.8 grams (O₂). a. 57.4 grams b. 31.8 grams c. 571 grams d. 3.48 grams

a. 57.4 grams

Fe₂O₃ is a(n) _________ a. compound b. element c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture

a. compound

Which of the following is not a chemical change? a. freezing of water b. rusting of iron c. placing iron in hydrochloric acid and producing hydrogen gas d. burning a piece of wood

a. freezing of water

A vapor is a _________ a. gas b. solid c. liquid d. condensed state

a. gas

The statement, "Mass can neither be created nor destroyed" is the ____________ a. law of conservation of mass b. law of conservation of energy c. law of multiple proportions d. law of gravity

a. law of conservation of mass

Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is a _________ a. substance b. solid c. vapor d. mixture

a. substance

Sucrose is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which of the following data is not needed in order to determine the percent by mass of the three elements? a. mass of carbon in sucrose sample b. mass of hydrogen in sucrose sample c. total mass of the sucrose sample d. atomic numbers of the elements

d. atomic numbers of the elements

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a. sugar b. sugar in water c. samples of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the same container d. sample of gaseous argon and solid iron in the same container

d. sample of gaseous argon and solid iron in the same container