Chemistry Chapter 3 Test
State that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
Law of Multiple Proportions
Form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape of its container, particles are rigidly held in place and are less tightly packed than those of a solid
Liquid
Properties that are dependent on the amount of substance present are _________ a. intensive properties b. extensive properties c. chemical properties d. external properties
b. extensive properties
Which of the following is not a physical change? a. iron melting b. rotting food c. breaking a crystal d. cutting paper into small pieces
b. rotting food
As water of hydrogen peroxide break down to hydrogen and oxygen, they change from ________ to ________ a. homogeneous mixtures : heterogeneous mixtures b. elements : compounds c. compounds : elements d. heterogeneous mixtures : compounds
c. compounds: elements
A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate heterogeneous mixtures is _________ a. distillation b. chromatography c. filtration d. crystallization
c. filtration
Sublimation is a process in which a ________ changes to a _________ without melting a. solid : liquid b. liquid : gas c. solid : gas d. gas : liquid
c. solid : gas
What to liquids do when heated?
Expand
Dependent on the amount of substance present
Extensive property
Separates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier
Filtration
Liquid to gas
Boiling/evaporation
Ability to combine with other substances
Chemical
Chemical Formula for H₂O
Chemical Change
Forms green carbonate when exposed to moist air
Chemical Change
Remains unchanged when in the presence of nitrogen
Chemical Change
A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances, new substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different properties from the substances present before the reaction occurred
Chemical change
Burn
Chemical change
Corrode
Chemical change
Explode
Chemical change
Ferment
Chemical change
Oxidize
Chemical change
Rot
Chemical change
Rust
Chemical change
Tarnish
Chemical change
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
Chemical property
Separates substances based on their movements through a special paper
Chromatography
Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically
Compound
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from a solution
Crystallization
Gas to solid
Deposition
Separates substances on the basis of boiling points of the substances
Distillation
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
Element
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container but also fills the entire volume of its container, particles are very far apart
Gas
A mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct (salad dressing)
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that has constant composition throughout (milk)
Homogeneous mixture
Independent of the amount of substance present
Intensive property
States that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it is conserved
Law of Conservation of Mass
States that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass no matter how large or small the sample
Law of Definite Proportions
Mass Percentage formula
Mass percentage of element= mass of element/mass of compound x 100%
Solid to liquid
Melting
A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
Mixture
Distillation separates mixtures by their _________ a. molecular weights b. boiling points c. densities d. freezing points
b. boiling points
Can the particles in a gas be compressed into a smaller volume?
No
The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage
Percent by Mass
Organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups or families
Periodic Table
A transition of matter from one state to another
Phase change
Boiling point
Physical
Colorless
Physical
Conducts electricity
Physical
Density is 1g/cm³
Physical
Liquid at normal temperatures and pressures
Physical
Melting point
Physical
Solid at normal temperatures and pressures
Physical
A change which alters a substance without changing its composition
Physical change
Boil
Physical change
Condense
Physical change
Crumple
Physical change
Crush
Physical change
Freeze
Physical change
Grind
Physical change
Melt
Physical change
Vaporize
Physical change
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition
Physical property
Form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, particles are tightly packed
Solid
Another word for a homogeneous solution
Solutions
All matter that exists naturally on Earth can be classified as one of three physical forms: solid, liquid, gas
States of matter
Solid to gas
Sublimation
The process during which a solid changes to a vapor without melting or going through the liquid phase
Sublimation
A material that cannot be broken down further by chemical means is a(n) ________ a. substance b. element c. mixture d. compound
b. element
Refers to the gaseous state that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature
Vapor
What is the mass of a product if the reactants have mass of 44.6 grams (Fe) and 12.8 grams (O₂). a. 57.4 grams b. 31.8 grams c. 571 grams d. 3.48 grams
a. 57.4 grams
Fe₂O₃ is a(n) _________ a. compound b. element c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture
a. compound
Which of the following is not a chemical change? a. freezing of water b. rusting of iron c. placing iron in hydrochloric acid and producing hydrogen gas d. burning a piece of wood
a. freezing of water
A vapor is a _________ a. gas b. solid c. liquid d. condensed state
a. gas
The statement, "Mass can neither be created nor destroyed" is the ____________ a. law of conservation of mass b. law of conservation of energy c. law of multiple proportions d. law of gravity
a. law of conservation of mass
Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is a _________ a. substance b. solid c. vapor d. mixture
a. substance
Sucrose is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which of the following data is not needed in order to determine the percent by mass of the three elements? a. mass of carbon in sucrose sample b. mass of hydrogen in sucrose sample c. total mass of the sucrose sample d. atomic numbers of the elements
d. atomic numbers of the elements
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a. sugar b. sugar in water c. samples of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the same container d. sample of gaseous argon and solid iron in the same container
d. sample of gaseous argon and solid iron in the same container