Chemistry final
list the rules for determining significant figures
1. all none 0's are significant 2. captive 0's are always captive 3. leading 0's dont count 4. trailing 0's are always significant 5. zeros in there measurements are nit significant 6. counted value / unlimited numbers
18,500,000
1.85 x 10^5
How many energy sublevels are in the first four principal energy level?
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d
what is the electron configuration for calcium
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
what is the maximum number of orbitals in each sublevels
2,6,10,14
what is the quantity 637 centimeters expressed in kilometers
0.00637
what is the charge on the potassium ion
1 +
what is the relationship between mL and cm^3
1 mil = 1cm
what is an ionic compound
A compound that consists of positive and negative ions
term subsidence
a particular kind of matter w uniform profiles
what way is the periodic table arranged?
atomic number
what is the equation to calculate the number of neutrons when given atomic number and mass number
atomic number # - mass number
why was the component of daltons atomic theory which stated "atoms are tiny indivisible particles" revised about a century ago
atoms are divisible
a substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by chemical change is a
compound
what are 3 equations used in calculating density, mass, and volume
d*v m/d m/v
which subatomic particles plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element? Why?
electron
describe the placement pf electrons and protons in bohrs model of the atom
electrons are found in shells or orbitals that surrounds the nucleus of an atom protons are found in the nucleus
what happens when an electron moves from a lower to higher energy level
energy is absorbed by the atom
describe the trend of describe the trend of ionization energy
groups bottoms to top periods left to right
why did jj thomson reason that electron must be a part of the atoms of all elements
he did an experiment w cathode ray tubes shows all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electron
two types of mixtures
homogeneous -is something you cant undo heterogeneous -is something you can pick apart or separate
describe the difference between dependent variable and dependent variable
independent variable is something changed or controlled in an experiment dependent variable is the variable being tested in experiment
what is the quantum mechanical model of the atom
is used as complex shapes of orbitals, volume, and space
arrange the following metric prefixes from largest to smallest
kilo hecto deca base deci centi mill micro nano
how does aluminum obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds
lose 3 electrons
list the rules for significant figures when adding and subtracting
make exponents the same when adding minus exponents when subtracting
list the rules for significant figures when multiplying and dividing
multiply #'s and add exponent for multiplying divide #'s and subtract exponents
what are the most stable electron configurations
noble gas
describe the aufbau principle
outlines the rules how electrons organized into shells and sub-shells around the atomic nucleus
what is the difference between accuracy and precision
precision is what is the narrowness of range of measurements accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to its true value is a measure of it.
how many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 45 and mass number 99
protons: 45 electrons: 45 neutrons: 58
identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposed to form a carbon dioxide and water
reactant- sucrose product- is the chemical change
who conducted experiments to determine the quantity of charge carried by an electron
robert millikan
what does the mass number represent
tells you how many protons and neutrons of an atom
describe the trend of electronegativity
the attractive force between the nucleus and the electrons
describe the nucleus of an atom
the center of the nucleus is an atom , and its made up of protons and electrons
what information can be derived from an elements atomic number
the number of neutrons number of protons
which is larger atom Ca or Ga? Explain why?
they are the same becuase they have the same amount or electron shells
what is the term for an electron are in an atom of aluminum
three
atom
Smallest particle of an element & is made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons
what is the result of multiplying 3.5 x 10^-6 by 2.3 x 10 x 10^11
(3.5 x 10^-6) x (2.3 x 10^11) = 8.1 ^ 5
list 5 chemical properties
-burn -rot -rust -toxicity -melting
list 5 chemical changes
-burning wood -rusting -bathroom cleaners -ring off soap scum -rotten banana
list 5 physical properties
-color -hardness -density -texture -phase -conductivity
List 5 physical changes
-melted -crushed -shredded -ripped -frozen
0.00000000763
7.63 x 10^-9
what is a theory
A theory is a statement that has not been tested
what is another name for the group A elements? Group B elements
A- Groups B- Period
what is the formula of the ion formed when florine achieves a noble-gas electron configuration
F-1
identify the formula for the cation and anion each
K1S1
what is the resulting formula of the compound
K2S
what is the formula unit for the ionic compound formed from lithium and bromine
LiB