Chemistry fluid challenge
synthetic dyes:
- Eosin - Ponceau red - Erythrosine - Amaranth -crocein scarlet -rhodamine - rose bengal - Acid fuschin - toluidine red
active dyes:
- Eosin - Ponceau red - Erythrosine - fluorescein - Amaranth - Carmine
Surfactants embalming chemicals:
- Sulfonates - Sodium laurel sulfate - Ethylene Oxide - Ethylene Glycol
natural dyes:
-Cudbear, -Cochineal -carmine, -coccus cacti
Humectant Chemicals:
-Glycerin / Glycerol; -Sorbitol!!!! -glycols (Ethylene, propylene, diethylene); - polyhydroxy alchohols. -Gums (vegetable / synthetic); -Emulsified Oils (lanolin, silicon)
buffers
-borates (borax, sodium tetraborate) -sodium phosphate, -citrates, (sodium citrate) -sodium salt of EDTA
anticoagulants
-citrates: sodium and potassium citrate, -oxalates, -sodium salt of EDTA
Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid
A high concentration of formaldehyde
What type of substance is lanolin
A humectant
Deodorants
A masking/perfume agent
What type of substance is embalming fluid
A mixture
The function of methanal in embalming fluid is
A preservative
Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in embalming fluids as
A surfactant
Which of the following would NOT normally be present in cavity fluid
Active dyes
Borax is used in embalming fluids to
Adjust pH
Glycerine
An amino acid
Putrescine
An amino produced in putrefaction
Sodium citrate when used in embalming fluids functions as
An anticoagulant
Sodium citrate
Anticoagulant
Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as
Anticoagulants
Methyl alcohol
Inhibits polymerization of HCHO
resists pH changes
BUFFER
Sodium tetraborate
Buffer
Will not pass through a semi permeable membranes in solution
COLLOIDS
What type of embalming fluids contain high concentrations of disinfectants and preservatives but generally lack active dyes and other modifying agents
Cavity fluids
Which embalming fluids generally have a higher index than arterial fluids
Cavity fluids
Formaldehyde
Colorless gas
Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf life of an arterial fluid
Cost of fluid
Masking/ perfuming agents
DEODORANTS
What is benzaldehyde used for in embalming fluids
Deodorant
What is methyl salicylate used for in embalming fluids
Deodorant
What are quaternary ammonium compounds used for in embalming fluids
Disinfectants
Eosine, ponceau, and erythrosine are used in embalming fluids as
Dyes
Which of the following substances is used as a buffer in arterial fluid
EDTA
aqueous solution of HCHO
FORMALIN
Fatty acid & glycerol
Final product of hydrolysis of fats
Monosaccharides
Final product of hydrolysis of polysaccharides
Amino acids
Final product of hydrolysis of proteins
Which of the following is a powerful germicide and disinfectant
Formaldehyde
Which of these compounds is described as a water soluble gas with an irritating pungent odor
Formaldehyde
quaternaries
GERMICIDES
Quaternaries
Germicides
A trihydroxy alcohol found in both embalming fluids and in the structure of lipids and fats is
Glycerol
colorless irritating gas
HCHO
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a jaundice fluid
High index of formaldehyde
used to meet a very high HCHO demand, usually 30-40% HCHO
High-index fluids
A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as a
Humectant
Sorbitol
Humectant
In arterial fluid glycols act as
Humectants
Which of the following is NOT a hazardous substance used in embalming fluids
Hydrogen hydroxide
Which of the following is used only as a filler in autopsy chemical mixtures
Perlite
Of the following the class of chemicals that are used as humectants in embalming fluids are
Polyhydric alcohols
Mold Preventative Agents:
Powders designed to absorb moisture and kill bacteria in the environment of the body preventing mold formation on the body surface, clothing or casket interior composed of ----> Disinfectant - paraformaldehyde ----> Moisture Absorber - paradichlorobenzene (mothballs) - kills mold *Paradichlorobenzene- arrest mildew and mold*
Methanal
Preservative
Phenol is used in embalming fluid as a
Preservative
Formaldehyde in terms of embalming is used as a
Preservative and disinfectant
Urotropin
Product of reaction of HCHO & NH3
Mercuric chloride is a good disinfectant. It is
Prohibited by law
Surfactants
Reduces surface tension
Biffer
Resists changes in pH
used to enhance the natural life-like appearance of the body
Restorative fluids
Reduces surface tension in fluids
SURFACTANTS
Of the following the one that is used in embalming fluid as an anticoagulant is
Sodium citrate
Which of the following is NOT used as a humectant in embalming fluid
Sodium citrate
Lara formaldehyde is formaldehyde in a
Solid state
Vehicles
Solvents
A humectant commonly used in embalming fluid is?
Sorbitol
The most common surfactants in embalming fluid
Sulfonates and **Sodium laurel sulfate**
What are sulfonate compounds used for in embalming fluids
Surface active agents
The chemical used in embalming fluids to reduce surface tension and to aid in penetration is known as a
Surfactant
DEODORANTS/MASKING AGENTS/PERFUMING MATERIALS
These compounds have either the ability to destroy odors by altering the odor-causing substance (deodorants), or to cover or mask the unpleasant odor -Their purpose is to cover up the harsh odors of the preservative and disinfectant chemicals and replace them with a more pleasing scent. ex. > Benzaldehyde, Essential Oils, Methyl Salicylate, Cinnamon
Which of the following are FALSE concerning arterial fluids
They are normally injected into the body cavities
The function of glycerol in embalming fluid is?
To act as a humectant
Neutralization product of HCHO and NH3
UROTROPIN
When ammonia combines with formaldehyde based substances it forms a neutral compound known as
Urotropin
solvents
VEHICLES
Water
Vehicle
Water when used in embalming fluids is used as a
Vehicle
In use with embalming fluids, water and methyl alcohol are two examples of
Vehicles
The important vehicle for an arterial solution is
Water
Surfactants are also referred to as
Wetting agents
Colloids
Will not pass through semi permeable membranes in solution
borax is a _____
buffer
sodium phosphates are _____
buffer
sodium salt of edta is a _____
buffer
has a stabilizing effect on acid-base balance of emb. solutions and body tissues
buffers
citrates are a ____
buffers/ anticoagulants
another name for phenol
carbolic acid
intended for injection into cavities following aspiration
cavity fluid
used in conjunction with the arterial emb. fluid to prepare the circulatory system
co-injection fluid
benzaldehyde is a _____
deodorant
used in arterial fluids as they impart definite color to the fluid/tissue or just the fluid
dyes (inactive/active)
solid autopsy chemicals used to treat viscera and cavities of an autopsied body
hardening compounds
creates an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain moisture
humectant
special fluids used to minimize or reduce the effects of jaundice on the body
jaundice fluids
another name for formaldehyde
methanal
another name for methanol
methyl alcohol
Inhibits polymerization of HCHO
methyl alcohol (methanol)
chemicals that include humectants, buffers, water conditioning agents, and surfactants
modifying agents
chemicals which prevent or inhibit the formation of mold on the surface of the body
mold inhibitors
methyl salicylate is also known as ______
oil of wintergreen
destroys odors by altering odor-causing substances to cover unpleasant odors
perfuming agents
used flush-out the circulatory system before the normal emb. fluid is injected.
pre-injection fluid
gluteraldehyde is is a ______ & _______
preservative, germicide
isopropanol is a ____ & ____
preservative, germicide
methanol is a ____ & ______
preservative, germicide
inactivates saprophytic bacteria and arrests decomp by altering enzymes
preservatives
glycerine is a ___
vehicle
methanol can also be a _____
vehicle
water
vehicle
used in arterial solutions and serve as carriers of the components found in the fluid
vehicles
Dilutes the concentrated fluid containing ions that cause water hardness
water conditioning agents
CAUTERIZING AGENTS:
Ø are liquids that are basically phenol (carbolic acid), they contain about 2 to 5% phenol. They can be applied to areas where the skin has been removed such as from abrasions, skin slip, open blisters, and burned areas to dry these areas
Deodorants are used in embalming fluid as
Masking agents
Which one of the following inhibits the polymerization of formaldehyde
Methanol
What is paradichlorobenzene used for in embalming powders?
Mold inhibitor
semi-solid chemicals applied directly to the tissues of autopsied bodies
Autopsy gel/ liquid gel preparations
Formalin
Aqueous solution of methanal
added specifically for the purpose of destroying disease-causing microorganisms
supplemental germicides.
sodium laurel sulfate is a _____
surfactant
Reduce molecular cohesion of liquid and enables fluid to flow through small spaces
surfactants
sulfonates are ______
surfactants
