Chemistry fluid challenge

synthetic dyes:

- Eosin - Ponceau red - Erythrosine - Amaranth -crocein scarlet -rhodamine - rose bengal - Acid fuschin - toluidine red

active dyes:

- Eosin - Ponceau red - Erythrosine - fluorescein - Amaranth - Carmine

Surfactants embalming chemicals:

- Sulfonates - Sodium laurel sulfate - Ethylene Oxide - Ethylene Glycol

natural dyes:

-Cudbear, -Cochineal -carmine, -coccus cacti

Humectant Chemicals:

-Glycerin / Glycerol; -Sorbitol!!!! -glycols (Ethylene, propylene, diethylene); - polyhydroxy alchohols. -Gums (vegetable / synthetic); -Emulsified Oils (lanolin, silicon)

buffers

-borates (borax, sodium tetraborate) -sodium phosphate, -citrates, (sodium citrate) -sodium salt of EDTA

anticoagulants

-citrates: sodium and potassium citrate, -oxalates, -sodium salt of EDTA

Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid

A high concentration of formaldehyde

What type of substance is lanolin

A humectant

Deodorants

A masking/perfume agent

What type of substance is embalming fluid

A mixture

The function of methanal in embalming fluid is

A preservative

Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in embalming fluids as

A surfactant

Which of the following would NOT normally be present in cavity fluid

Active dyes

Borax is used in embalming fluids to

Adjust pH

Glycerine

An amino acid

Putrescine

An amino produced in putrefaction

Sodium citrate when used in embalming fluids functions as

An anticoagulant

Sodium citrate

Anticoagulant

Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as

Anticoagulants

Methyl alcohol

Inhibits polymerization of HCHO

resists pH changes

BUFFER

Sodium tetraborate

Buffer

Will not pass through a semi permeable membranes in solution

COLLOIDS

What type of embalming fluids contain high concentrations of disinfectants and preservatives but generally lack active dyes and other modifying agents

Cavity fluids

Which embalming fluids generally have a higher index than arterial fluids

Cavity fluids

Formaldehyde

Colorless gas

Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf life of an arterial fluid

Cost of fluid

Masking/ perfuming agents

DEODORANTS

What is benzaldehyde used for in embalming fluids

Deodorant

What is methyl salicylate used for in embalming fluids

Deodorant

What are quaternary ammonium compounds used for in embalming fluids

Disinfectants

Eosine, ponceau, and erythrosine are used in embalming fluids as

Dyes

Which of the following substances is used as a buffer in arterial fluid

EDTA

aqueous solution of HCHO

FORMALIN

Fatty acid & glycerol

Final product of hydrolysis of fats

Monosaccharides

Final product of hydrolysis of polysaccharides

Amino acids

Final product of hydrolysis of proteins

Which of the following is a powerful germicide and disinfectant

Formaldehyde

Which of these compounds is described as a water soluble gas with an irritating pungent odor

Formaldehyde

quaternaries

GERMICIDES

Quaternaries

Germicides

A trihydroxy alcohol found in both embalming fluids and in the structure of lipids and fats is

Glycerol

colorless irritating gas

HCHO

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a jaundice fluid

High index of formaldehyde

used to meet a very high HCHO demand, usually 30-40% HCHO

High-index fluids

A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as a

Humectant

Sorbitol

Humectant

In arterial fluid glycols act as

Humectants

Which of the following is NOT a hazardous substance used in embalming fluids

Hydrogen hydroxide

Which of the following is used only as a filler in autopsy chemical mixtures

Perlite

Of the following the class of chemicals that are used as humectants in embalming fluids are

Polyhydric alcohols

Mold Preventative Agents:

Powders designed to absorb moisture and kill bacteria in the environment of the body preventing mold formation on the body surface, clothing or casket interior composed of ----> Disinfectant - paraformaldehyde ----> Moisture Absorber - paradichlorobenzene (mothballs) - kills mold *Paradichlorobenzene- arrest mildew and mold*

Methanal

Preservative

Phenol is used in embalming fluid as a

Preservative

Formaldehyde in terms of embalming is used as a

Preservative and disinfectant

Urotropin

Product of reaction of HCHO & NH3

Mercuric chloride is a good disinfectant. It is

Prohibited by law

Surfactants

Reduces surface tension

Biffer

Resists changes in pH

used to enhance the natural life-like appearance of the body

Restorative fluids

Reduces surface tension in fluids

SURFACTANTS

Of the following the one that is used in embalming fluid as an anticoagulant is

Sodium citrate

Which of the following is NOT used as a humectant in embalming fluid

Sodium citrate

Lara formaldehyde is formaldehyde in a

Solid state

Vehicles

Solvents

A humectant commonly used in embalming fluid is?

Sorbitol

The most common surfactants in embalming fluid

Sulfonates and **Sodium laurel sulfate**

What are sulfonate compounds used for in embalming fluids

Surface active agents

The chemical used in embalming fluids to reduce surface tension and to aid in penetration is known as a

Surfactant

DEODORANTS/MASKING AGENTS/PERFUMING MATERIALS

These compounds have either the ability to destroy odors by altering the odor-causing substance (deodorants), or to cover or mask the unpleasant odor -Their purpose is to cover up the harsh odors of the preservative and disinfectant chemicals and replace them with a more pleasing scent. ex. > Benzaldehyde, Essential Oils, Methyl Salicylate, Cinnamon

Which of the following are FALSE concerning arterial fluids

They are normally injected into the body cavities

The function of glycerol in embalming fluid is?

To act as a humectant

Neutralization product of HCHO and NH3

UROTROPIN

When ammonia combines with formaldehyde based substances it forms a neutral compound known as

Urotropin

solvents

VEHICLES

Water

Vehicle

Water when used in embalming fluids is used as a

Vehicle

In use with embalming fluids, water and methyl alcohol are two examples of

Vehicles

The important vehicle for an arterial solution is

Water

Surfactants are also referred to as

Wetting agents

Colloids

Will not pass through semi permeable membranes in solution

borax is a _____

buffer

sodium phosphates are _____

buffer

sodium salt of edta is a _____

buffer

has a stabilizing effect on acid-base balance of emb. solutions and body tissues

buffers

citrates are a ____

buffers/ anticoagulants

another name for phenol

carbolic acid

intended for injection into cavities following aspiration

cavity fluid

used in conjunction with the arterial emb. fluid to prepare the circulatory system

co-injection fluid

benzaldehyde is a _____

deodorant

used in arterial fluids as they impart definite color to the fluid/tissue or just the fluid

dyes (inactive/active)

solid autopsy chemicals used to treat viscera and cavities of an autopsied body

hardening compounds

creates an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain moisture

humectant

special fluids used to minimize or reduce the effects of jaundice on the body

jaundice fluids

another name for formaldehyde

methanal

another name for methanol

methyl alcohol

Inhibits polymerization of HCHO

methyl alcohol (methanol)

chemicals that include humectants, buffers, water conditioning agents, and surfactants

modifying agents

chemicals which prevent or inhibit the formation of mold on the surface of the body

mold inhibitors

methyl salicylate is also known as ______

oil of wintergreen

destroys odors by altering odor-causing substances to cover unpleasant odors

perfuming agents

used flush-out the circulatory system before the normal emb. fluid is injected.

pre-injection fluid

gluteraldehyde is is a ______ & _______

preservative, germicide

isopropanol is a ____ & ____

preservative, germicide

methanol is a ____ & ______

preservative, germicide

inactivates saprophytic bacteria and arrests decomp by altering enzymes

preservatives

glycerine is a ___

vehicle

methanol can also be a _____

vehicle

water

vehicle

used in arterial solutions and serve as carriers of the components found in the fluid

vehicles

Dilutes the concentrated fluid containing ions that cause water hardness

water conditioning agents

CAUTERIZING AGENTS:

Ø are liquids that are basically phenol (carbolic acid), they contain about 2 to 5% phenol. They can be applied to areas where the skin has been removed such as from abrasions, skin slip, open blisters, and burned areas to dry these areas

Deodorants are used in embalming fluid as

Masking agents

Which one of the following inhibits the polymerization of formaldehyde

Methanol

What is paradichlorobenzene used for in embalming powders?

Mold inhibitor

semi-solid chemicals applied directly to the tissues of autopsied bodies

Autopsy gel/ liquid gel preparations

Formalin

Aqueous solution of methanal

added specifically for the purpose of destroying disease-causing microorganisms

supplemental germicides.

sodium laurel sulfate is a _____

surfactant

Reduce molecular cohesion of liquid and enables fluid to flow through small spaces

surfactants

sulfonates are ______

surfactants