CIS13 Test 3
flash memory
Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.
interpreter
Translates and executes a program one statement at a time.
documentation (support/security phase)
a collection and summary of the data, info, and deliverables specific to the project. This involves adding notes to the code that explain and outline the intended function of sections or lines of code.
file
a collection of info stored on your computer, such as a text document, speadsheet, photo, or song. ___ can be divided into 2 categories: data and executable.
service pack
a collection of updates combined in one package. Registering your programs and apps enable the developer to deliver and install updates automatically
graphical user interface (GUI)
a collective term for all the ways you interact with the device. A ___ controls how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands
piracy
a common infringement on copyrights, where people illegally copy software, movies, music, and other digital materials
pointing device
a hardware device that lets you interact with your computer by controlling the movement of the pointer on your computer screen
hyperlink
a link can be text or an image in a webpage that you can click to navigate to another webpage, download a file, or perform another action, such as sending an email message
uptime
a measure of a web host's reliability
Operating system (OS)
a program manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it also known as platform
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)
a project starts with a request or need for a new program or app, or enhancement to a current one. These requests may arise because new technology is available to improve an existing product, or a need is identified. Once the idea of project is formed, the development can start. This is set of activities to build a program: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support/security.
complier
a separate program that converts the entire source program into machine language before executing it
programming language
a set of words, abbreviations, and symbols which a programmer or developer uses to create instructions for a program or app
cloud
a storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network
source code editor
a text editor designed for programming
plugin
a third-party program that extends the built-in functionality of an application or browser
website builder
a tool used to create professional looking websites, by dragging and dropping the predefined elements to their desired locations on a page, without coding
ransomware
a type of attack that affects your files and personal data
class
a type of object that defines the format of the object and the actions an object can perform
tags
a webpage is a document that contain codes, or ____, written in HTML to describe the content of info on a webpage
prototype
a working model that demonstrates the functionality of the program or app
updates
can provide additional functionality or address any security or other issues
memory
consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data into info
desktop
contains icons for programs and files, as well as toolbars, taskbars, menus, and buttons you can use to start programs and apps
keyboard
contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands
executable file
contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps. You cannot open and read ____ _____. You run it to perform a task, such as opening a program or app
data file
contains words, numbers, and pictures that you can manipulate
shareware
copyrighted and distributed for free for a trial period, after which you must send payment to continue using the program
freeware
copyrighted and provided at no cost, but the developer retains all rights to the product
firewall
creates a personal security zone around your computer by monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic and blocking suspicious activity.
project
an IDE stores the files and folders in your website in a folder or directory
IDE (intergrated development environment)
an application that provides multiple programming tools in one environment
buffer
an area of memory that stores data and info waiting to be sent to an input or output device
code editor
an enhanced text editor that has additional features to help write code accurately and efficiently
object
an item that can contain both data and the procedures that read or manipulate that data. It represents a real person, place, event, or transaction
attributes
an opening tag contains the tag name followed by any ______ or additional info needed to completely specify the tag
Personal computer (PC)
an operating system installed on a single computer. also known as desktop operating system
Domain Registrar
an organization that sells and manages domain names, such as GoDaddy
copyright
an originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property
code repositories
another web-based tool programmers use to archive and host source code
input
any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device
public domain
any item that is available and accessible to the public without requiring the permission to use, and therefore not subject to copyright
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
app to upload the files from your local computer to a remote web server. It specifies rules for transferring files from one computer to another on the Internet
web servers
are Internet computers that store webpages and deliver them to your computer or device
Dynamic sites
are coded using a scripting language such as Python, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, or C#. They combined scripts, or programs that perform a series of commands written in scripting launguage, with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to generate the content of a webpage that will apprear in a user's browser often run server-side scripts to interact with website content stored in a database located on a server
Dynamic webpage
are created using a server-side scripting language such as blogs, social media sites, news sites, and online shopping or travel sites
Linux
available for desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets. Distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell
method
defines the behavior of an object
design phase
determine technical specifications create a prototype
android
developed by google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones and tablets
implementation phase
development install and test the product train users
analysis phase
do preliminary investigation perform detailed analysis create system proposal
Nonvolatile memory
is PERMANENT, and its contents remain on the computer or device even when it is turned off
volatile memory
is TEMPORARY, and loses its contents when the power is turned off
system
is a collection of elements and procedures that interact to accomplish a goal
JavaScript
is a popular language for writing client-side scripts Code written in JavaScript can check to make sure that you do not miss any of the required values to specify the behavior of a webpage, such as checking if values on a form are blank, performing calculations, or dynamically changing content to add interactivity
cache
is a temporary storage area designed to help speed up processing time
file extension
is three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .dox (Microsoft Word document) or .jpg (a type of graphic file)
creative commons
license that describes conditions that the owner set to permit its reuse in other projects, such as with or without attribution, or whether you can adapt or modify the image.
crash
occurs when a program or app stops functioning correctly
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
oversees the specification of HTML standards, and as HTML evolves, the ______ identifies some tags as deprecated, or obsolete.
responsive design
pages with this automatically adjust the size of their content to display appropriately relative to the size of the screen of the device on which it is displayed
spooling
placing data into a buffer. Ex: file sent to buffer waiting for the printer to be available
open source
provided for use, modification, and redistribution, without restrictions from the copyright holder
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
provides a way to classify data and share it between applications. It uses customized tags to describe data
file format
refers to the organization and layout of data in a file. The ___ ___ determines the type or types of programs and apps that you can use to open and display or work with a file
troubleshooting
refers to the steps you take to identify and solve a problem
IP (Intellectual Property)
refers to unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, art, writings, processes, company and product names, and logos
client-side scripts
scripts that run in your browser to control a webpage's behavior and often make it interactive
access controls
security measures that define who can use a program or app, and what actions they can do within the program or app.
macOS server
supports all sizes of networks and servers. one unique feature is that it lets authorized users access servers using their iphones or other apple devices
waterfall method
tales each step individually and completes it before continuing to the next phase
quality assurance (support/security phase)
testers perform the testing and report any issues to the developers
feasibility (analysis phase)
the measure of the suitability of the development process to the individual project at any give time there are 4 factors that determine a project's feasibility: operational feasibility, schedule feasibility, technical feasibility, economic (cost/benefit) feasibility
Virtulization
the practice of sharing computer resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network
development
the process of creating programs and apps from the idea stage to distribution to users
assembly language
the programmer uses symbolic instruction codes, such as A for add, M for multiply, and L for load
system proposal (analysis phase)
the purpose of this is to use the data gathered during the feasibility study and detailed analysis to present a solution to the need or request
system software
the software that runs a computer, including the operating system and utilities. The operating system and utility programs control behind-the-scenes operations of a computer or mobile device
RAM (Random Access Memory)
the storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
to specify the appearance of content on a webpage, such as fonts, colors, borders, backgrounds, and alignment describes how content on a webpage will be displayed in a browser
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
to specify the content within a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links
remote web server
to transfer the files from your local computer to a _____ ____ _____ (a web server on the Internet), you will need to connect to the ____ ____ ____ using an FTP client
spyware
tries to collect personal info or change computer settings without your consent
registration
typically optional, allows for syncing of accounts across multiple devices
patches
updates that address a single issue
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
uses a condensed or shortened development process to produce a quality product
predictive development
uses a linear, structured development cycle. one example is waterfall method
Procedural language
uses a series of English-like words to write instructions, such as ADD for addition, or PRINT for printing
activation
usually required upfront or after a trial period
embedded styles
you can code styles that apply to all tags of one type on the webpages as ______ _______ within <styles> and </style> tags placed in the head section of an HTML document
Troubleshooting tools
Process managers System information lists Auditing tools Patch finders Restorers
5 phases of SDLC
1. Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Support/Security
server-side script
A program executed on a web server before packets are sent to the client.
CMS (Content Management System)
Allows one to create a more complex website with several contributors Often open source applications
server operating system
A multiuser operating system that organizes because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers
folder
A named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents.
DRM (Digital Rights Management)
A strategy designed to prevent illegal distribution of movies, music, and other digital content, including programs and apps
text editor
Can be used to type code for a website is like a word processing program, but it lacks most text formatting features, such as fonts, colors, margins, and paragraphs
one-sided tags
HTML 5 tags that do not require a closing tags Other ______ tags include <br> (line break) and <hr> (horizontal rule)
kernel
The core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources
Antispyware
aka anti-malware, detects and removes spyware. It prevents spyware from installing itself on your computer and remove any existing spyware
wireframes
blueprints of different aspects of the program that also indicate how a user gets from one area of the program to another
control panel
collection of utility programs that determine how Windows appears and performs on your computer
Website Analytics
provide a set of measurements that help you to understand how people use your websites
syntax
each language has its own rules for writing instructions
utilities
enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device. ___ are the tools that you use to manage files, search for content or programs, view images, install and uninstall programs and apps, compress and back up files, and maintain the computer or device.
virtual machine
enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed
DevOps
encourages collaboration between the development and operations. It produces programs quickly, and then offers continuous updates to increase the functionality of the program
Static webpage
provide basic info that is unlikely to change frequently
4GLs
fourth generation languages provide a graphical environment in which the programmer uses a combination of English-like instructions, graphics, icons, and symbols to create code. Examples: Python, SQL, PHP, and Ruby
type of free programs
freeware, shareware, public domain
End User License Agreement (EULA)
grants permission for one installation
Open source
have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution
license agreement
identifies the number of device on which you can install the product, any expiration dates, and other restrictions.
absolute references
identify the location of resources from other websites. It includes a full path, including the protocol and domain name containing the webpage
relative references
identify the location of resources in the current website
agile development or adaptive development
incorporates flexibility in the goals and scope of the project. It may evolve in phases, releasing components as they are finalized, and adding functionality as it is needed or requested by users
close source
keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create. ___ ____ programs have standard features and can only be customized using the operating system's tools. Ex: Microsoft Windows and macOS
style sheets
larger websites often store styles info in external files called _____ _____
macOS
macintosh desktop computers and laptops, include siri virtual assistant, coordination with apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage
support and security phase
maintain program monitor performance and security
malware
malicious software includes programs such as viruses and spyware that can delete or corrupt files and gather personal info
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
many websites include this capabilities, so search engines can better find or index your website
upgrades
new releases of the program or app, and may require an additional fee to enable the upgrade to install. It might include additional features not available in the version you currently are running
debuggers
programmers use it to test code in one section, or an entire program, to determine any errors ad provide suggestions to fix them
anti-virus
programs locate and destroy viruses and other malware before they infect a device
ROM (Read Only Memory)
refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
User Experience (UX)
refers to the focus on the user's reaction and interaction with a product, including its efficiency, effectiveness, and ease of use
Planning phase
review and approve requests prioritize project requests allocate resources such as money, people, and equipment form a project development team
iOS
runs only on apple devices, including the iphone, ipad, and ipod; derived from macOS
OOP (Object Oriented Programming)
software developers use this tools to implement objects in a program
Software as a Service (SaaS)
software is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee
program
software that runs on a desktop or laptop
applications or apps
software that runs on mobile devices
banner
some websites include ____, or graphic that identifies the website. It often appears at the top of each page so visitors will recognize the website easily
inline style
specified as a style attribute of most HTML tags within the body section
Virtual Memory
the capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be "swapped" into RAM
local computer
the computer that you use to edit your website
machine language
the first generation of computer language; their instructions use a series of binary digits (0s and 1s)
output
the info processed into a useful form