CIS13 Test 3

flash memory

Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.

interpreter

Translates and executes a program one statement at a time.

documentation (support/security phase)

a collection and summary of the data, info, and deliverables specific to the project. This involves adding notes to the code that explain and outline the intended function of sections or lines of code.

file

a collection of info stored on your computer, such as a text document, speadsheet, photo, or song. ___ can be divided into 2 categories: data and executable.

service pack

a collection of updates combined in one package. Registering your programs and apps enable the developer to deliver and install updates automatically

graphical user interface (GUI)

a collective term for all the ways you interact with the device. A ___ controls how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

piracy

a common infringement on copyrights, where people illegally copy software, movies, music, and other digital materials

pointing device

a hardware device that lets you interact with your computer by controlling the movement of the pointer on your computer screen

hyperlink

a link can be text or an image in a webpage that you can click to navigate to another webpage, download a file, or perform another action, such as sending an email message

uptime

a measure of a web host's reliability

Operating system (OS)

a program manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it also known as platform

SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

a project starts with a request or need for a new program or app, or enhancement to a current one. These requests may arise because new technology is available to improve an existing product, or a need is identified. Once the idea of project is formed, the development can start. This is set of activities to build a program: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support/security.

complier

a separate program that converts the entire source program into machine language before executing it

programming language

a set of words, abbreviations, and symbols which a programmer or developer uses to create instructions for a program or app

cloud

a storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network

source code editor

a text editor designed for programming

plugin

a third-party program that extends the built-in functionality of an application or browser

website builder

a tool used to create professional looking websites, by dragging and dropping the predefined elements to their desired locations on a page, without coding

ransomware

a type of attack that affects your files and personal data

class

a type of object that defines the format of the object and the actions an object can perform

tags

a webpage is a document that contain codes, or ____, written in HTML to describe the content of info on a webpage

prototype

a working model that demonstrates the functionality of the program or app

updates

can provide additional functionality or address any security or other issues

memory

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data into info

desktop

contains icons for programs and files, as well as toolbars, taskbars, menus, and buttons you can use to start programs and apps

keyboard

contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands

executable file

contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps. You cannot open and read ____ _____. You run it to perform a task, such as opening a program or app

data file

contains words, numbers, and pictures that you can manipulate

shareware

copyrighted and distributed for free for a trial period, after which you must send payment to continue using the program

freeware

copyrighted and provided at no cost, but the developer retains all rights to the product

firewall

creates a personal security zone around your computer by monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic and blocking suspicious activity.

project

an IDE stores the files and folders in your website in a folder or directory

IDE (intergrated development environment)

an application that provides multiple programming tools in one environment

buffer

an area of memory that stores data and info waiting to be sent to an input or output device

code editor

an enhanced text editor that has additional features to help write code accurately and efficiently

object

an item that can contain both data and the procedures that read or manipulate that data. It represents a real person, place, event, or transaction

attributes

an opening tag contains the tag name followed by any ______ or additional info needed to completely specify the tag

Personal computer (PC)

an operating system installed on a single computer. also known as desktop operating system

Domain Registrar

an organization that sells and manages domain names, such as GoDaddy

copyright

an originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property

code repositories

another web-based tool programmers use to archive and host source code

input

any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device

public domain

any item that is available and accessible to the public without requiring the permission to use, and therefore not subject to copyright

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

app to upload the files from your local computer to a remote web server. It specifies rules for transferring files from one computer to another on the Internet

web servers

are Internet computers that store webpages and deliver them to your computer or device

Dynamic sites

are coded using a scripting language such as Python, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, or C#. They combined scripts, or programs that perform a series of commands written in scripting launguage, with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to generate the content of a webpage that will apprear in a user's browser often run server-side scripts to interact with website content stored in a database located on a server

Dynamic webpage

are created using a server-side scripting language such as blogs, social media sites, news sites, and online shopping or travel sites

Linux

available for desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets. Distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell

method

defines the behavior of an object

design phase

determine technical specifications create a prototype

android

developed by google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones and tablets

implementation phase

development install and test the product train users

analysis phase

do preliminary investigation perform detailed analysis create system proposal

Nonvolatile memory

is PERMANENT, and its contents remain on the computer or device even when it is turned off

volatile memory

is TEMPORARY, and loses its contents when the power is turned off

system

is a collection of elements and procedures that interact to accomplish a goal

JavaScript

is a popular language for writing client-side scripts Code written in JavaScript can check to make sure that you do not miss any of the required values to specify the behavior of a webpage, such as checking if values on a form are blank, performing calculations, or dynamically changing content to add interactivity

cache

is a temporary storage area designed to help speed up processing time

file extension

is three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .dox (Microsoft Word document) or .jpg (a type of graphic file)

creative commons

license that describes conditions that the owner set to permit its reuse in other projects, such as with or without attribution, or whether you can adapt or modify the image.

crash

occurs when a program or app stops functioning correctly

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

oversees the specification of HTML standards, and as HTML evolves, the ______ identifies some tags as deprecated, or obsolete.

responsive design

pages with this automatically adjust the size of their content to display appropriately relative to the size of the screen of the device on which it is displayed

spooling

placing data into a buffer. Ex: file sent to buffer waiting for the printer to be available

open source

provided for use, modification, and redistribution, without restrictions from the copyright holder

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

provides a way to classify data and share it between applications. It uses customized tags to describe data

file format

refers to the organization and layout of data in a file. The ___ ___ determines the type or types of programs and apps that you can use to open and display or work with a file

troubleshooting

refers to the steps you take to identify and solve a problem

IP (Intellectual Property)

refers to unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, art, writings, processes, company and product names, and logos

client-side scripts

scripts that run in your browser to control a webpage's behavior and often make it interactive

access controls

security measures that define who can use a program or app, and what actions they can do within the program or app.

macOS server

supports all sizes of networks and servers. one unique feature is that it lets authorized users access servers using their iphones or other apple devices

waterfall method

tales each step individually and completes it before continuing to the next phase

quality assurance (support/security phase)

testers perform the testing and report any issues to the developers

feasibility (analysis phase)

the measure of the suitability of the development process to the individual project at any give time there are 4 factors that determine a project's feasibility: operational feasibility, schedule feasibility, technical feasibility, economic (cost/benefit) feasibility

Virtulization

the practice of sharing computer resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network

development

the process of creating programs and apps from the idea stage to distribution to users

assembly language

the programmer uses symbolic instruction codes, such as A for add, M for multiply, and L for load

system proposal (analysis phase)

the purpose of this is to use the data gathered during the feasibility study and detailed analysis to present a solution to the need or request

system software

the software that runs a computer, including the operating system and utilities. The operating system and utility programs control behind-the-scenes operations of a computer or mobile device

RAM (Random Access Memory)

the storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

to specify the appearance of content on a webpage, such as fonts, colors, borders, backgrounds, and alignment describes how content on a webpage will be displayed in a browser

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

to specify the content within a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links

remote web server

to transfer the files from your local computer to a _____ ____ _____ (a web server on the Internet), you will need to connect to the ____ ____ ____ using an FTP client

spyware

tries to collect personal info or change computer settings without your consent

registration

typically optional, allows for syncing of accounts across multiple devices

patches

updates that address a single issue

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

uses a condensed or shortened development process to produce a quality product

predictive development

uses a linear, structured development cycle. one example is waterfall method

Procedural language

uses a series of English-like words to write instructions, such as ADD for addition, or PRINT for printing

activation

usually required upfront or after a trial period

embedded styles

you can code styles that apply to all tags of one type on the webpages as ______ _______ within <styles> and </style> tags placed in the head section of an HTML document

Troubleshooting tools

Process managers System information lists Auditing tools Patch finders Restorers

5 phases of SDLC

1. Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Support/Security

server-side script

A program executed on a web server before packets are sent to the client.

CMS (Content Management System)

Allows one to create a more complex website with several contributors Often open source applications

server operating system

A multiuser operating system that organizes because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers

folder

A named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents.

DRM (Digital Rights Management)

A strategy designed to prevent illegal distribution of movies, music, and other digital content, including programs and apps

text editor

Can be used to type code for a website is like a word processing program, but it lacks most text formatting features, such as fonts, colors, margins, and paragraphs

one-sided tags

HTML 5 tags that do not require a closing tags Other ______ tags include <br> (line break) and <hr> (horizontal rule)

kernel

The core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources

Antispyware

aka anti-malware, detects and removes spyware. It prevents spyware from installing itself on your computer and remove any existing spyware

wireframes

blueprints of different aspects of the program that also indicate how a user gets from one area of the program to another

control panel

collection of utility programs that determine how Windows appears and performs on your computer

Website Analytics

provide a set of measurements that help you to understand how people use your websites

syntax

each language has its own rules for writing instructions

utilities

enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device. ___ are the tools that you use to manage files, search for content or programs, view images, install and uninstall programs and apps, compress and back up files, and maintain the computer or device.

virtual machine

enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed

DevOps

encourages collaboration between the development and operations. It produces programs quickly, and then offers continuous updates to increase the functionality of the program

Static webpage

provide basic info that is unlikely to change frequently

4GLs

fourth generation languages provide a graphical environment in which the programmer uses a combination of English-like instructions, graphics, icons, and symbols to create code. Examples: Python, SQL, PHP, and Ruby

type of free programs

freeware, shareware, public domain

End User License Agreement (EULA)

grants permission for one installation

Open source

have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution

license agreement

identifies the number of device on which you can install the product, any expiration dates, and other restrictions.

absolute references

identify the location of resources from other websites. It includes a full path, including the protocol and domain name containing the webpage

relative references

identify the location of resources in the current website

agile development or adaptive development

incorporates flexibility in the goals and scope of the project. It may evolve in phases, releasing components as they are finalized, and adding functionality as it is needed or requested by users

close source

keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create. ___ ____ programs have standard features and can only be customized using the operating system's tools. Ex: Microsoft Windows and macOS

style sheets

larger websites often store styles info in external files called _____ _____

macOS

macintosh desktop computers and laptops, include siri virtual assistant, coordination with apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage

support and security phase

maintain program monitor performance and security

malware

malicious software includes programs such as viruses and spyware that can delete or corrupt files and gather personal info

SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

many websites include this capabilities, so search engines can better find or index your website

upgrades

new releases of the program or app, and may require an additional fee to enable the upgrade to install. It might include additional features not available in the version you currently are running

debuggers

programmers use it to test code in one section, or an entire program, to determine any errors ad provide suggestions to fix them

anti-virus

programs locate and destroy viruses and other malware before they infect a device

ROM (Read Only Memory)

refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

User Experience (UX)

refers to the focus on the user's reaction and interaction with a product, including its efficiency, effectiveness, and ease of use

Planning phase

review and approve requests prioritize project requests allocate resources such as money, people, and equipment form a project development team

iOS

runs only on apple devices, including the iphone, ipad, and ipod; derived from macOS

OOP (Object Oriented Programming)

software developers use this tools to implement objects in a program

Software as a Service (SaaS)

software is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee

program

software that runs on a desktop or laptop

applications or apps

software that runs on mobile devices

banner

some websites include ____, or graphic that identifies the website. It often appears at the top of each page so visitors will recognize the website easily

inline style

specified as a style attribute of most HTML tags within the body section

Virtual Memory

the capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be "swapped" into RAM

local computer

the computer that you use to edit your website

machine language

the first generation of computer language; their instructions use a series of binary digits (0s and 1s)

output

the info processed into a useful form