Classification
eubacteria
"true bacteria," common bacteria that can be found in soil and animal bodies
What are the Six Kingdoms?
1. Archebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia
What are the characteristics of organisms in kingdom protista?
1. Most are unicellular (eukaryotic cells, unlike bacteria) 2. Autotrophic 3. Examples: Slime molds and algae
What are the characteristics of organisms found in kingdom animalia?
1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophic 3. Cells without cell walls
What are the characteristics of organisms in kingdom fungi?
1. heterotrophic (consume dead/decaying material) 2. many reproduce using spores 3. examples: mushrooms, mold, mildew 4. thrive in warm, moist conditions
Autotrophs are also called: A.) producers B.)consumers C.)decomposers D.)scavengers
A
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Archaea
A domain of prokaryotes that are single-celled. They live in extreme environments and are also known as extremophiles.
animalia
A eukaryotic, multicellular organism with no cell wall
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring (lower case letter)
Bacteria
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Prokaryote
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Given the scientific name of a lion, Panthera leo, the first word tells us the ______A______ and the second word tells us the _________B__________
A: Genus B: Species
autotrophic
Able to make own food
fungi
An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs
heterotrophic
An organism that cannot make its own food
What is the definition of autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food. Producer.
What is the definition of heterotroph?
An organism that must consume other organisms as food. Consumer.
Prokaryotes are only found in what two kingdoms?
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
What kingdoms are made up of prokaryotes?
Archebacteria and Eubactera
What two kingdoms were formerly grouped together in the Kingdom Monera?
Archebacteria and Eubacteria
Classification
Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.
classification
Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.
plantae
Autotrophic, multicellular, eukaryote
How many kingdoms are there? A) 3 B) 6 C) 1 D) 10
B
Of the six kingdoms now recognized, A) two are plants and four are animals B) four are eukaryotes and two are prokaryotes C) four are macroscopic and two are microscopic D) two are eukaryotes and four are prokaryotes E) two are carnivorous and four are herbivorous
B
Which one of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of classification, going from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? A) Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species B) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C) Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family D) Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Kingdom E) Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class
B
Why is it important to give organisms a scientific name using Binomial Nomenclature?
Because the scientific name of an organism will be the same no matter where in the world you may be. Better than common names, which can be misleading (roly poly in Texas, but a pill bug up North)
Domain
Broad cast category for classifying organism
The binomial system of classification was developed by: A) Darwin B) Wallace C) Linnaeus D) Malthus E) none of the above
C
Binomial Nomenclature
Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
multicellular
Consisting of many cells
Multicellular organisms and unicellular yeasts are found in A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Protista D) Fungi E) Eubacteria
D
Prokaryotic organisms make up the A) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Protists B) Archaebacteria and Protists C) Protists and Eubacteria D) Protists E) Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
E
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history of a group of organisms
What kingdom contains organisms most responsible for decomposition?
Fungi
What is a saying to help you remember the levels of taxonomy in order?
King Philip Came Over For Good Soup? Kindly Professors Can Often Fail Good Students
What are the levels of taxonomy in order from most INCLUSIVE to most EXCLUSIVE (biggest to smallest)
Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species
protista
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi
unicellular
Made of a single cell
Taxonomy
Naming and classifying organisms
Do animal cells have a cell wall?
No
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No
Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?
No
Would you find mitochondria in a prokaryotic cell?
No
What kingdom contains ONLY autotrophs?
Plantae
Using the dichotomous key, determine what type of ball this is: 1a. Ball is perfectly round and spherical...............................(2) 1b. Ball is elongated......................................................(3) 2a. Ball has hexagons and pentagons on it...................Soccer ball 2b. Ball has curved lines on it...................................Basketball 3a. Ball has one side with laces...................................Football 3b. Ball has no laces.............................................Rugby ball
Rugby Ball
Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
Scientific naming
Uses genus and species of organism, typically Latin or Greek
Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?
Yes
Do eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles?
Yes
Dichotomous key
a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters
Kingdom Eubacteria
all prokaryotes(no nucleus) except for the archaebacteria, single celled
Dichotomous key
an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions
archeabacteria
ancient bacteria; live in extreme conditions
taxonomy
branch of biology that classifies and names organisms based on studies of their shared characteristics.
Kingdom Animalia
can usually move around, eats other organisms, complex multi-cellular, eukaryotic, sense organs
The cell wall of plant cells is made of what?
cellulose
Order
fifth taxonomic group, for example: Carnivora
class
fourth taxonomic group, for example: Mammalia
Kingdom Fungi
gets food from dead organisms - decomposers, eukaryotic, complex multi-cellular, reproduces using spores, not green - cell walls, can not move around
Are fungi autotrophic or heterotrophic?
heterotrophic
Levels of classification
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Kingdom Plantae
performs photosynthesis, does not move around, has cells walls, green due to chlorophyll, eukaryotic, multi-cellular
Are bacteria cells prokaryote or eukaryote?
prokaryote
Is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
prokaryote
Kingdom Archaebacteria
prokaryotic(no nucleus), extremophiles - can live in extreme conditions, single-celled
Kingdom
second taxonomic group, for example: Animalia
Kingdom Protista
single-celled or simple multi-celled, eukaryotic, can move around
Family
sixth taxonomic group, for example Felidae
What is the most specific taxa an organism can be placed in?
species
Taxonomy
study of the general principles of scientific classification
Genus
taxonomic group containing one or more species, always capitalised
division
taxonomic grouping of similar classes
Classification
the division of organisms into groups based on common characteristics
classification
the grouping of objects or information based on similarities
Taxonomy
the science of classifying organisms using common traits and characteristics
Phylum
third taxonomic group, for example: Chordata
binomial nomenclature
two-word naming system used in the classification of organisms developed by Linnaeus.