Classification

eubacteria

"true bacteria," common bacteria that can be found in soil and animal bodies

What are the Six Kingdoms?

1. Archebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

What are the characteristics of organisms in kingdom protista?

1. Most are unicellular (eukaryotic cells, unlike bacteria) 2. Autotrophic 3. Examples: Slime molds and algae

What are the characteristics of organisms found in kingdom animalia?

1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophic 3. Cells without cell walls

What are the characteristics of organisms in kingdom fungi?

1. heterotrophic (consume dead/decaying material) 2. many reproduce using spores 3. examples: mushrooms, mold, mildew 4. thrive in warm, moist conditions

Autotrophs are also called: A.) producers B.)consumers C.)decomposers D.)scavengers

A

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Archaea

A domain of prokaryotes that are single-celled. They live in extreme environments and are also known as extremophiles.

animalia

A eukaryotic, multicellular organism with no cell wall

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring (lower case letter)

Bacteria

A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Given the scientific name of a lion, Panthera leo, the first word tells us the ______A______ and the second word tells us the _________B__________

A: Genus B: Species

autotrophic

Able to make own food

fungi

An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs

heterotrophic

An organism that cannot make its own food

What is the definition of autotroph?

An organism that makes its own food. Producer.

What is the definition of heterotroph?

An organism that must consume other organisms as food. Consumer.

Prokaryotes are only found in what two kingdoms?

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

What kingdoms are made up of prokaryotes?

Archebacteria and Eubactera

What two kingdoms were formerly grouped together in the Kingdom Monera?

Archebacteria and Eubacteria

Classification

Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.

classification

Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.

plantae

Autotrophic, multicellular, eukaryote

How many kingdoms are there? A) 3 B) 6 C) 1 D) 10

B

Of the six kingdoms now recognized, A) two are plants and four are animals B) four are eukaryotes and two are prokaryotes C) four are macroscopic and two are microscopic D) two are eukaryotes and four are prokaryotes E) two are carnivorous and four are herbivorous

B

Which one of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of classification, going from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? A) Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species B) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C) Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family D) Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Kingdom E) Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class

B

Why is it important to give organisms a scientific name using Binomial Nomenclature?

Because the scientific name of an organism will be the same no matter where in the world you may be. Better than common names, which can be misleading (roly poly in Texas, but a pill bug up North)

Domain

Broad cast category for classifying organism

The binomial system of classification was developed by: A) Darwin B) Wallace C) Linnaeus D) Malthus E) none of the above

C

Binomial Nomenclature

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

multicellular

Consisting of many cells

Multicellular organisms and unicellular yeasts are found in A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Protista D) Fungi E) Eubacteria

D

Prokaryotic organisms make up the A) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Protists B) Archaebacteria and Protists C) Protists and Eubacteria D) Protists E) Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

E

Phylogeny

Evolutionary history of a group of organisms

What kingdom contains organisms most responsible for decomposition?

Fungi

What is a saying to help you remember the levels of taxonomy in order?

King Philip Came Over For Good Soup? Kindly Professors Can Often Fail Good Students

What are the levels of taxonomy in order from most INCLUSIVE to most EXCLUSIVE (biggest to smallest)

Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species

protista

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

unicellular

Made of a single cell

Taxonomy

Naming and classifying organisms

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

No

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

No

Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

No

Would you find mitochondria in a prokaryotic cell?

No

What kingdom contains ONLY autotrophs?

Plantae

Using the dichotomous key, determine what type of ball this is: 1a. Ball is perfectly round and spherical...............................(2) 1b. Ball is elongated......................................................(3) 2a. Ball has hexagons and pentagons on it...................Soccer ball 2b. Ball has curved lines on it...................................Basketball 3a. Ball has one side with laces...................................Football 3b. Ball has no laces.............................................Rugby ball

Rugby Ball

Phylogeny

Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Scientific naming

Uses genus and species of organism, typically Latin or Greek

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

Yes

Do eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

Yes

Dichotomous key

a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters

Kingdom Eubacteria

all prokaryotes(no nucleus) except for the archaebacteria, single celled

Dichotomous key

an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions

archeabacteria

ancient bacteria; live in extreme conditions

taxonomy

branch of biology that classifies and names organisms based on studies of their shared characteristics.

Kingdom Animalia

can usually move around, eats other organisms, complex multi-cellular, eukaryotic, sense organs

The cell wall of plant cells is made of what?

cellulose

Order

fifth taxonomic group, for example: Carnivora

class

fourth taxonomic group, for example: Mammalia

Kingdom Fungi

gets food from dead organisms - decomposers, eukaryotic, complex multi-cellular, reproduces using spores, not green - cell walls, can not move around

Are fungi autotrophic or heterotrophic?

heterotrophic

Levels of classification

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Kingdom Plantae

performs photosynthesis, does not move around, has cells walls, green due to chlorophyll, eukaryotic, multi-cellular

Are bacteria cells prokaryote or eukaryote?

prokaryote

Is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

prokaryote

Kingdom Archaebacteria

prokaryotic(no nucleus), extremophiles - can live in extreme conditions, single-celled

Kingdom

second taxonomic group, for example: Animalia

Kingdom Protista

single-celled or simple multi-celled, eukaryotic, can move around

Family

sixth taxonomic group, for example Felidae

What is the most specific taxa an organism can be placed in?

species

Taxonomy

study of the general principles of scientific classification

Genus

taxonomic group containing one or more species, always capitalised

division

taxonomic grouping of similar classes

Classification

the division of organisms into groups based on common characteristics

classification

the grouping of objects or information based on similarities

Taxonomy

the science of classifying organisms using common traits and characteristics

Phylum

third taxonomic group, for example: Chordata

binomial nomenclature

two-word naming system used in the classification of organisms developed by Linnaeus.