Cloud Computing Recitation
Platform as a Service (PaaS) example: Heroku, Google App Engine, and Microsoft Azure App Service.
PaaS provides a platform for building and deploying applications over the internet. Users are responsible for managing the applications and data, while the cloud provider manages the underlying infrastructure.
Container as a Service (CaaS) example: Docker, Kubernetes, and Red Hat OpenShift.
CaaS provides users with a platform for deploying and managing containerized applications. Containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments that can run multiple applications on a single server.
Function as a Service (FaaS) example: AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Microsoft Azure Functions.
FaaS is a relatively new type of cloud computing platform that allows users to deploy and run small pieces of code (called functions) on demand, without having to manage the underlying infrastructure. FaaS platforms are typically used for event-driven applications and microservices architectures.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) example: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, including servers, storage, and networking. Users are responsible for managing the operating system, applications, and data.
Software as a Service (SaaS) example: Salesforce, Microsoft Office 365, and Dropbox.
SaaS provides software applications over the internet, such as email, customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP). Users access the applications through a web browser, and the cloud provider manages the infrastructure, security, and maintenance.
Multi-cloud
an organization uses multiple cloud service providers to meet their computing needs.
when designing a cloud architecture, it is important to consider factors such as
cost security compliance
Cloud architecture
efers to the structure and design of cloud computing systems. A cloud architecture typically includes a set of components and services that work together to provide computing resources over the internet.
Cloud security management
involves ensuring that cloud-based resources and services are secure and compliant with regulatory requirements. This involves implementing security controls, monitoring for security threats, and responding to security incidents.
Cloud governance
involves establishing policies and procedures for managing cloud-based resources and services. This includes defining roles and responsibilities, establishing compliance requirements, and monitoring for compliance with those requirements.
Cloud migration and integration
involves managing the process of migrating applications and data to the cloud, as well as integrating cloud-based resources with on-premises infrastructure and applications.
Cloud cost management
involves monitoring and controlling the costs associated with cloud resources and services, such as storage, compute, and network usage. This involves tracking usage, identifying cost-saving opportunities, and optimizing resource allocation to reduce costs.
Cloud performance management
involves monitoring and optimizing the performance of cloud-based applications and services. This involves tracking metrics such as response times, throughput, and resource utilization, and using that information to identify and resolve performance bottlenecks.
Cloud architecture can be designed to meet specific business requirements, such as
performance scalability availability.
Cloud computing
refers to the delivery of computing services, including servers, storage, databases, software, analytics, and more, over the internet. It provides on-demand access to these resources, allowing users to scale up or down their usage as needed, and pay only for what they use. ● Instead of businesses and individuals needing to buy and maintain their own computing infrastructure, they can access computing resources from cloud service providers.
Cloud migration
refers to the process of moving applications, data, and other business processes from on-premises infrastructure to a cloud computing environment. Cloud migration is becoming increasingly popular as organizations seek to take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing, such as scalability, cost savings, and flexibility.
Cloud security
refers to the set of policies, controls, procedures, and technologies that protect cloud-based systems, data, and infrastructure from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. As cloud computing involves the use of third-party resources and services, security is a crucial consideration for organizations that use cloud services.
Private cloud
the cloud resources are dedicated to a single organization and are not shared with other users.
Public cloud
the cloud service provider offers cloud resources to the general public over the internet.
Hybrid cloud
the organization uses a combination of public and private cloud resources.
Five (5) steps involved in a cloud migration:
− Assessment: The first step in cloud migration is to assess the current IT environment, including applications, data, and infrastructure. This involves identifying which applications and data are suitable for migration to the cloud, and determining the migration strategy, such as a lift-and-shift approach or a cloud-native approach. − Planning: The next step is to create a detailed migration plan, including timelines, budget, resource requirements, and risk management strategies. This involves identifying the right cloud service provider, selecting the appropriate cloud services, and ensuring that security and compliance requirements are met. − Migration: The actual migration process involves moving applications, data, and infrastructure to the cloud environment. Depending on the migration strategy, this may involve rearchitecting applications, refactoring code, or simply moving data to the cloud. − Testing: Once the migration is complete, it is important to thoroughly test the applications and data to ensure that they are functioning properly in the cloud environment. This involves testing for performance, security, and compliance. − Optimization: Finally, the cloud environment should be optimized to ensure that it is running efficiently and cost-effectively. This involves monitoring resource usage, optimizing application performance, and adjusting cloud services as needed.
Some of the key components of cloud architecture include:
− Cloud service providers: These are the companies that provide cloud computing services, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). − Cloud resources: These are the computing resources that are made available by the cloud service provider, such as virtual machines, storage, and databases. − Cloud infrastructure: This includes the physical hardware, such as servers and network equipment, that support the cloud computing environment. − Cloud management tools: These are the tools used to manage and monitor the cloud environment, such as dashboards and automation tools. − Security and compliance: Cloud architecture must also include robust security and compliance features to protect data and meet regulatory requirements.
Some of the key security measures in cloud computing include:
− Identity and access management (IAM): This involves ensuring that only authorized users have access to cloud resources and data, and that access privileges are assigned based on the principle of least privilege. − Encryption: This involves using encryption technologies to protect data both in transit and at rest, so that data cannot be intercepted or accessed by unauthorized users. − Network security: This involves securing the network connections used to access cloud resources, such as virtual private networks (VPNs) and firewalls. − Vulnerability management: This involves regularly scanning cloud resources for vulnerabilities and addressing any security issues that are discovered. − Compliance: This involves ensuring that cloud resources and data comply with relevant regulatory requirements, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Multi-factor authentication: This involves requiring users to provide more than one form of authentication, such as a password and a biometric identifier, to access cloud resources. ● Data backup and recovery: This involves regularly backing up data stored in the cloud to prevent data loss in the event of a security breach or other incident. It also involves having a plan in place for quickly recovering data and systems in the event of an outage or disaster. ● Security testing and validation: This involves regularly testing and validating the security of cloud-based systems, applications, and data to identify and address vulnerabilities and security gaps. ● Incident response planning: This involves developing a plan for responding to security incidents, including identifying the roles and responsibilities of key personnel, defining escalation procedures, and establishing communication protocols. ● Continuous monitoring: This involves implementing tools and processes to continuously monitor cloud-based systems, applications, and data for security threats and anomalies. ● Employee training and awareness: This involves training employees on cloud security best practices, such as password hygiene and how to detect and respond to security threats.
Types of cloud architecture:
− Public cloud − Private cloud − Hybrid cloud − Multi-cloud
Most popular cloud computing providers
● Amazon Web Services (AWS): AWS is a comprehensive cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services, including compute, storage, databases, and analytics. ● Microsoft Azure: Azure is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services, including virtual machines, storage, databases, and AI. ● Google Cloud Platform: Google Cloud Platform is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services, including compute, storage, databases, and machine learning. ● IBM Cloud: IBM Cloud is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services, including compute, storage, databases, and analytics. ● Oracle Cloud: Oracle Cloud is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services, including compute, storage, databases, and analytics. ● Salesforce: Salesforce is a cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) platform that allows businesses to manage their sales, marketing, and customer support processes in the cloud. ● Dropbox: Dropbox is a cloud-based file storage and collaboration platform that allows businesses to store and share files in the cloud.
Five (5) Key areas of Cloud Management
● Cloud cost management ● Cloud performance management ● Cloud security management ● Cloud governance ● Cloud migration and integration
Cloud management
● Cloud management refers to the set of processes, tools, and practices used to manage and optimize cloud-based infrastructure, applications, and services. ● Effective cloud management is critical for ensuring that cloud-based resources are available, reliable, and secure, and for optimizing cost and performance. ● Effective cloud management requires the use of specialized tools and technologies, such as cloud management platforms (CMPs), cloud automation tools, and cloud monitoring tools. ● It also requires a deep understanding of cloud computing concepts and best practices. Many organizations partner with cloud management experts to ensure that their cloud-based resources are managed effectively and efficiently.
Cloud computing trends
● Hybrid Cloud: Many organizations are adopting a hybrid cloud approach, which combines public cloud services with private cloud infrastructure. This allows organizations to take advantage of the scalability and cost-effectiveness of public cloud services, while also maintaining control over their sensitive data and applications. ● Multi-Cloud: With the rise of multiple cloud providers, many organizations are adopting a multi-cloud approach, which allows them to take advantage of the strengths of different cloud providers for different workloads. This can help organizations avoid vendor lock-in and improve their overall cloud strategy. ● Serverless Computing: Serverless computing is an emerging trend that allows developers to write and deploy code without having to manage servers or infrastructure. This can help organizations save time and money, while also improving scalability and reducing operational overhead. ● Edge Computing: Edge computing is an approach that brings computing resources closer to the point of use, which can help reduce latency and improve performance for applications that require real-time data processing. This is particularly important for applications such as autonomous vehicles, industrial IoT, and smart cities. ● Artificial Intelligence: Cloud providers are increasingly offering AI services, such as machine learning and natural language processing, to help organizations improve their business processes and gain insights from their data. ● Security: As cloud computing continues to grow, security remains a top concern for organizations. Cloud providers are investing heavily in security measures such as encryption, access controls, and monitoring to help protect their customers' data and applications.
Cloud computing for businesses
● Scalability: Cloud computing allows businesses to quickly and easily scale up or down their computing resources based on demand, without having to invest in new hardware or infrastructure. ● Cost savings: Cloud computing can help businesses reduce their IT costs by eliminating the need for expensive hardware and software, and reducing the need for on-site IT staff. ● Flexibility: Cloud computing allows businesses to access their applications and data from anywhere, at any time, using any device with an internet connection. ● Improved collaboration: Cloud computing makes it easier for employees to collaborate on projects and share data, regardless of their location. ● Disaster recovery: Cloud computing provides businesses with a reliable and secure backup solution, ensuring that their data is protected in the event of a disaster or outage.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
● Scalability: Cloud computing resources can be easily scaled up or down to meet changing demands, allowing businesses and individuals to only pay for what they use. ● Accessibility: Cloud computing resources can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier for businesses and individuals to work remotely and collaborate with others. ● Cost savings: Cloud computing eliminates the need for businesses and individuals to invest in expensive computing hardware and software, and only pay for what they use. ● Reliability: Cloud service providers typically offer high levels of uptime and data redundancy, ensuring that data is always available when needed.
Service models of cloud computing
●Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ● Platform as a Service (PaaS) ● Software as a Service (SaaS) ● Function as a Service (FaaS) ● Container as a Service (CaaS)
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
●On-demand self-service- Users can provision computing resources, such as virtual machines, storage, and applications, as needed without any human intervention. ● Broad network access- Cloud computing resources are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, making it possible to access resources from a variety of devices, such as desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. ● Resource pooling- Cloud service providers share computing resources, such as servers and storage, among multiple users, allowing for more efficient use of resources and reducing costs. ● Rapid elasticity- Cloud computing resources can be quickly scaled up or down to meet changing demand, allowing users to easily adjust their resource usage and avoid overprovisioning. ● Measured service- Cloud service providers monitor resource usage and bill users for the resources they consume, allowing for accurate and transparent billing and cost management.