CNA Chapter 8: Nutrition and Hydration

Put the resident int he proper position in the chair, which means hips are at a ________ degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported.

90

Diabetic Diet

Carb counting may be part of this diet, as the amount of carbohydrates eaten must be carefully regulated

Examples include bread, cereal, and potatoes.

Carbohydrates

These provide fiber, which is necessary for bowel elimination.

Carbohydrates

Nectar Thick

Consistency similar to tomato juice / thicker than water

What vegetable colors have the best nutritional content?

Dark green, red, and orange

True/False: A resident who has swallowing problems should suck on ice chips regularly.

False

True/False: If a resident has an NPO order, he can drink water but no other type of fluid.

False

True/False: If a resident wants to eat his dessert first, the NA should explain that it is unhealthy and suggest that he begin with his entree.

False

True/False: If the food is too hot, the NA should blow on it for a few minutes until it is cool enough for the resident to eat.

False

True/False: The NA should insist that resident's use clothing protectors when eating to help keep clothing clean.

False

True/False: The NA should refer to puréed carrots as "orange stuff" so the resident knows which food the NA is talking about.

False

True/False: The NA should remain standing while feeding a resident.

False

True/False: To promote a healthy appetite, the NA should remain silent while helping a resident eat.

False

Categories include monounsaturated and saturated.

Fats

These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins.

Fats

These help the body store energy.

Fats

These may come from olives, nuts, and dairy products.

Fats

Oatmeal and pasta are examples of foods made up from which food group?

Grains

Vegetarian Diet

Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet

Iron and calcium are examples.

Minerals

These build bones and help in blood formation.

Minerals

Low-Fat Diet

People who have heart disease or who have had heart attacks may be placed on this diet, which limits the intake of saturated fat.

Low-Protein Diet

People who have kidney disease may also be on this diet which encourages food like Breads and pasta

Sources include seafood, dried beans, poultry, and soy products.

Protein

They are essential for tissue growth and repair.

Proteins

What should the NA do if a resident shows signs of dysphagia?

Report it to the nurse, it could be the sign of a new or worsening condition.

Low-Sodium Diet

Salt is restricted on this diet

Soft diet and mechanical soft diet

The food used in this diet has been ground into a thick paste of baby-food consistency.

Liquid Diet

This diet consists of foods that are in a liquid state at body temperature and are usually ordered as clear or full

Puréed Diet

This diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, are restricted.

Modified Calorie Diet

This diet is used for losing weight or preventing weight gain

True/False: A symptom of fluid overload is edema if the extremities.

True

True/False: Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can help increase appetite.

True

True/False: Fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed.

True

True/False: In order to prevent dehydration, the nursing assistant (NA) should offer fresh fluids to residents often.

True

True/False: It is important for the NA to identify each resident before serving a meal tray.

True

True/False: One symptom of dehydration is dark urine.

True

True/False: People can become dehydrated by vomiting too much.

True

True/False: Residents should be sitting upright at a 90 degree angle for eating.

True

True/False: The NA should make sure that the water pitcher and cup are light enough for the resident to lift.

True

True/False: The resident's mouth should be empty before the NA offers another bite of food.

True

True/False: The sense of thirst lessens as a person ages.

True

Position residents sitting _______.

Upright

Proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems.

Upright

MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of

Vegetables and fruits

Can be fat-soluble or water-soluble.

Vitamins

The body cannot make most of these nutrients; they must be obtained through certain foods.

Vitamins

A person can only live a few days without this.

Water

This is the most essential nutrient for life.

Water

Through perspiration, this helps to maintain body temperature.

Water

If a resident has had a loss of _______________________, ask about it.

appetite and/or seems sad

Devices that help residents with eating.

assistive

use ______ devices such as utensils with built up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary.

assistive

What is considered a plant-based protein?

beans, peas, soy-based products, vegetarian meat substitute, nuts, and seeds

Offer different kinds of foods and _________.

beverages

Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something.

clear

For a resident with a vision impairment, use the face of an imaginary _____.

clock

Honey Thick

consistency has the thickness of honey, pours slowly, spoon is used to consume

The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical ___ that can help promote independence.

cue

Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged

dentures

Encourage residents to ___.

eat

Honor residents' ____ likes and dislikes.

food

Should be washed before residents eat

hands

Record meal/snack ______.

intake

noise level should be kept_______when residents are eating

low

Most dairy choices should be

low fat (0%-1%)

if the resident bites down on utensils ask him to ______ his mouth

open

Give _________ before and after meals.

oral care

What is an example of a food considered high in sodium?

pickle

Something that has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom.

socializing

For a resident who has had a stroke, place food in the unaffected, or ________ side of the mouth.

stronger

if the resident pockets food in his cheeks ask him to chew and ______ the food

swallow

Pudding Thick

thickened to the consistency of pudding, spoon will stand straight up, spoon used to eat/"drink"

Allow enough ____ for residents to finish eating.

time

Fluid-Restricted Diet

to prevent further heart or kidney damage, doctors may restrict fluid intake on this diet

A resident with Parkinson's Disease may need help if _______ or shaking make it difficult for him to eat.

tremors

Tell the nurse if a resident has trouble using ________.

utensils

If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a __________.

wheelchair

What kinds of grains are best to consume?

whole grains

Most of a person's fruit choices should be

whole, cut-up, or puréed