CNA Chapter 8: Nutrition and Hydration
Put the resident int he proper position in the chair, which means hips are at a ________ degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported.
90
Diabetic Diet
Carb counting may be part of this diet, as the amount of carbohydrates eaten must be carefully regulated
Examples include bread, cereal, and potatoes.
Carbohydrates
These provide fiber, which is necessary for bowel elimination.
Carbohydrates
Nectar Thick
Consistency similar to tomato juice / thicker than water
What vegetable colors have the best nutritional content?
Dark green, red, and orange
True/False: A resident who has swallowing problems should suck on ice chips regularly.
False
True/False: If a resident has an NPO order, he can drink water but no other type of fluid.
False
True/False: If a resident wants to eat his dessert first, the NA should explain that it is unhealthy and suggest that he begin with his entree.
False
True/False: If the food is too hot, the NA should blow on it for a few minutes until it is cool enough for the resident to eat.
False
True/False: The NA should insist that resident's use clothing protectors when eating to help keep clothing clean.
False
True/False: The NA should refer to puréed carrots as "orange stuff" so the resident knows which food the NA is talking about.
False
True/False: The NA should remain standing while feeding a resident.
False
True/False: To promote a healthy appetite, the NA should remain silent while helping a resident eat.
False
Categories include monounsaturated and saturated.
Fats
These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins.
Fats
These help the body store energy.
Fats
These may come from olives, nuts, and dairy products.
Fats
Oatmeal and pasta are examples of foods made up from which food group?
Grains
Vegetarian Diet
Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet
Iron and calcium are examples.
Minerals
These build bones and help in blood formation.
Minerals
Low-Fat Diet
People who have heart disease or who have had heart attacks may be placed on this diet, which limits the intake of saturated fat.
Low-Protein Diet
People who have kidney disease may also be on this diet which encourages food like Breads and pasta
Sources include seafood, dried beans, poultry, and soy products.
Protein
They are essential for tissue growth and repair.
Proteins
What should the NA do if a resident shows signs of dysphagia?
Report it to the nurse, it could be the sign of a new or worsening condition.
Low-Sodium Diet
Salt is restricted on this diet
Soft diet and mechanical soft diet
The food used in this diet has been ground into a thick paste of baby-food consistency.
Liquid Diet
This diet consists of foods that are in a liquid state at body temperature and are usually ordered as clear or full
Puréed Diet
This diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, are restricted.
Modified Calorie Diet
This diet is used for losing weight or preventing weight gain
True/False: A symptom of fluid overload is edema if the extremities.
True
True/False: Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can help increase appetite.
True
True/False: Fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed.
True
True/False: In order to prevent dehydration, the nursing assistant (NA) should offer fresh fluids to residents often.
True
True/False: It is important for the NA to identify each resident before serving a meal tray.
True
True/False: One symptom of dehydration is dark urine.
True
True/False: People can become dehydrated by vomiting too much.
True
True/False: Residents should be sitting upright at a 90 degree angle for eating.
True
True/False: The NA should make sure that the water pitcher and cup are light enough for the resident to lift.
True
True/False: The resident's mouth should be empty before the NA offers another bite of food.
True
True/False: The sense of thirst lessens as a person ages.
True
Position residents sitting _______.
Upright
Proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems.
Upright
MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of
Vegetables and fruits
Can be fat-soluble or water-soluble.
Vitamins
The body cannot make most of these nutrients; they must be obtained through certain foods.
Vitamins
A person can only live a few days without this.
Water
This is the most essential nutrient for life.
Water
Through perspiration, this helps to maintain body temperature.
Water
If a resident has had a loss of _______________________, ask about it.
appetite and/or seems sad
Devices that help residents with eating.
assistive
use ______ devices such as utensils with built up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary.
assistive
What is considered a plant-based protein?
beans, peas, soy-based products, vegetarian meat substitute, nuts, and seeds
Offer different kinds of foods and _________.
beverages
Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something.
clear
For a resident with a vision impairment, use the face of an imaginary _____.
clock
Honey Thick
consistency has the thickness of honey, pours slowly, spoon is used to consume
The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical ___ that can help promote independence.
cue
Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged
dentures
Encourage residents to ___.
eat
Honor residents' ____ likes and dislikes.
food
Should be washed before residents eat
hands
Record meal/snack ______.
intake
noise level should be kept_______when residents are eating
low
Most dairy choices should be
low fat (0%-1%)
if the resident bites down on utensils ask him to ______ his mouth
open
Give _________ before and after meals.
oral care
What is an example of a food considered high in sodium?
pickle
Something that has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom.
socializing
For a resident who has had a stroke, place food in the unaffected, or ________ side of the mouth.
stronger
if the resident pockets food in his cheeks ask him to chew and ______ the food
swallow
Pudding Thick
thickened to the consistency of pudding, spoon will stand straight up, spoon used to eat/"drink"
Allow enough ____ for residents to finish eating.
time
Fluid-Restricted Diet
to prevent further heart or kidney damage, doctors may restrict fluid intake on this diet
A resident with Parkinson's Disease may need help if _______ or shaking make it difficult for him to eat.
tremors
Tell the nurse if a resident has trouble using ________.
utensils
If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a __________.
wheelchair
What kinds of grains are best to consume?
whole grains
Most of a person's fruit choices should be
whole, cut-up, or puréed