Coffee and Tea test 3
Darjeeling India
a district in the Himalayas, northwest of Assam; make black tea in orthodox manufacture; muscat flavor note, intensely aromatic; 1st flush is armoatic, astringent mouth feel, light colored; 2nd flush is complex, more rounded and heavier; 4% of world tea; expensive; 4 pickings/year: 1st, 2nd, raining, autumnal
health benefits of white tea
antioxidants, lowers bp, cancer prevention, lowers cholesterol, strengthens bones, clears skin, natural antibacterial
downside of decaff
destroys top notes; bright flavors are muddled
Puh-er good for you because
drink it in the morning - have 2 cups to shrink fat cells, decrease stress, and decrease food cravings
having tea in England
drink it throughout the day; breakfast is a more popular time; brands are world known; have it black - sometimes with lemon, milk, or sugar
pairing oolong blacker
duck, grilled meats
Thomas Lipton
founded Lipton tea
Ming Dynasty
from boiling to brewing; Gaiwan and Yixing pots; whole leaves became predominant; black tea and fresh flower-scented teas invented
sun tea problems
gets microorganisms in it and is linked to kidney stones
Nilgiri India
good blenders; best is bright, colory, and good flavored
G=golden
good indicator of quality, not a guarantee; refers to presence of yellowish pieces of leaf bud
pairing black tea in Sri Lanka
good with desserts; "love cake"
organic tea
growing and processing chemically free; adhering to strict standards about growing and processing; using renewable resources; maintaining soil and diversity; European market has high demand for it
herbal tea good for you
decreases bloating with 1 afternoon cup
pairing white tea
delicate flavors; no oil or fat; something light and bready
Keemun
earthy overtoned tea; comes from Anhui province in China
pairing Puh-er tea
neutralizes oils and grease so good with stir fry or large meals
Moroccan tea
served with sugar and mint; boil leaves 15 min, boil again, add sugar and mint; served hot; sometimes add tobacco to flavor it; art of tea serving it great - pour from great heights
Tea at home
should be in airtight container; not near flavored teas; tea stable for 6 months; stale tea is papery or flat; need water hot enough while brewing; tea needs room to grow; tea cooked on burner goes bad after 20 min; should weigh out tea
water for tea
should not be boiling; exact temp depends on type; should be non-chlorinated, filtered, or spring water
larger leaf means for extraction
slower extraction so less caffeine typically
Anna Duchess of Bedford
spread popularity of tea by creating afternoon tea to counter her sinking spells; had a light meal like cakes and Darjeeling tea; invited friends and it gained popularity
Tea time in China
all day and all night; in southern China pair it with Dim Sum which was steamed rolls, but it now small servings of foods; you'll have round tables for sense of coming together
Kazakhstan
10th drinker of tea; 99% of people drink it daily; 50% have 4+ cups daily; don't harvest own tea; majority from India, China, and Sri Lanka; served hot with sugar; rude to refuse; served in tall glass
millennials and tea
most likely population to drink tea
largest importers of tea
1) Russia, 2) Pakistan, 3) USA
goals of blending
1) create something better than sum of its parts 2) create something with particular flavor profile that can endure through many substitutions of one component for another
7 rules of Rikgu (master of tea)
1) make delicious tea 2) lay charcoal so it heats water 3) arrange flowers as they are in field 4) in summer suggest coolness; in winter, warmth 5) do everything ahead of time 6) prepare for rain 7) give those around you every consideration
green tea water temp
180 F
oolong tea water temp
195-210 F
black tea water temp
212 F
how popular is tea
2nd consumed beverage in the world to water
Puh-er tea
2nd fermentation tea; from China; expensive; in Yunnan province in southern China; made into cakes
Dooars India
2nd largest growing region; mostly CTC; orthodox teas are like Assam
Ceylon or Sri Lanka
3rd largest producer; mostly black tea; mostly CTC; Lipton bought estates and tea for England here - sold Orange Pekoe; broken grades are good blenders adding flavor, color, and brightness; black, fruity, brisk, clear, fruity; high altitudes and mist-shrouded mnts, plenty of rain and sun
how many countries grow tea?
40 countries
how tall can the tea plant grow?
40 feet high
standard cup of tea
5.5 oz water; 2g tea
Taiwan
90% is oolong tea; finest in world; make some green tea like Japan's; 1% is black tea; consume 98% domestically; they like high quality so very little is for tea bags; Jade oolong: slighly oxidized; Pouchong: partially rolled; Tung Ting: well rolled; great weather; north, central, and southern areas grow; central grows most; very identifiable leaves
Cradle of Chinese tea
Bashu District (it spread there by river transport)
where was tea first consumed as a beverage?
China
varieties of tea plant?
China variety that's true bred; and Assam variety that's hybridized
Tang Dynasty
Chinese government supported growth of tea; levied tea tax; tea drinking became more popular; lower classes drank it; tea spread to Japan; influences of Buddhism help promote tea
3rd most consumer of tea
England
first public tea room
Glasgow, Scotland; owned by Stuart Cranston; famous for tea spoons; sister Kate well-known for opening Tea Rooms
2nd most consumer of tea
Ireland
Tea to England
King Charles II married a Portuguese princess (Catherine of Bragariza) and they drink a lot of tea so she brought it to new country
Number one consumer of tea
Turkey
having tea in US
about 2g/cup; usually tea bags; tea on rise; amount of space devoted to tea growing; RTDs good, increased 15x; organic on rise; tea-infused foods popular; 85% is black; 85% is iced; south and NE heaviest consumers; loose tea only 1%; most hot tea is bagged
Kenya
becoming largest exporter of CTC tea
pairing black
beef, spicy foods
Terai India
best is dark, rich, spicy, with a thick liquor
all about oolong
between green and black processing; most labor intensive processing; best brewed 190-200; drink without lemon, milk, or sugar; can infuse up to 7x; make in clay or cast iron pot
Chinese tea
birthplace of tea; make green, black, and oolong; most domestic consumption is green, then oolong
most consumed tea
black tea
pairing black tea in China
blackened meats; chocolate - milk chocolate
Gaiwan pot
brewing vessel with a lid that helped strain leaves; used for Green tea; invented in Ming dynasty
touted health benefits of tea
cancer prevention, cardiovascular health, ,antioxidant properties, prevention of tooth decay, antimutagenic
white tip oolong
champagne of teas; very rare; first 15 days of harvest; orange cup with smooth fruit flavor
ethyl acetate decaff
chemical in tea plant; fair affinity for caffeine; cost-efficient; imparts a fruity note; removes not just caffeine though
tea from Nepal
close to Darjeeling area; high elevations gives more intensity; hard to come by in West because government issues make it hard to grow tea; most are privately owned; teas are slow to mature; most is black, white, and oolong, a little Puh-er
hottest trends in tea
cocktails like Owl's brew teas; blending teas is popular; merger of teas, herbs, spices, and fruit; increase in cold brew and carbonated teas
Bancha
everyday teas made from later pluckings; coarser in flavor and appearance
Fujian province China
famous for Jasmine teas made from Pou Chong leaf; produce Ti Kuan Yin, Iron Goddess of Mercy; Lapsang Souchong - smoky, tarry-flavored black tea with deep, rich tones
Anhui district China
famous for Keemun which is a black tea; lower grades are good blenders and used in iced tea in US; top grades have a smoky aroma and intense flavor
Lapsan Souchong
favorite tea of Winston Churchill; from Taiwan or China; take tea and smoke it over a bed of pine needles; love it or hate it; have with savory dishes in cold weather
Thomas Garway
first English coffee house owner to offer tea
flush
first two leaves and bud in center
making Wuyishan Oolong "rock oolong"
grown in mountains; picked in May; before first picking have ceremony to honor gods and burn yellow paper; best picking time is 9-11am without direct sun or dew; 3-4 long leaves; ending ceremony with firework; dry in sun, then indoors; shake and separate and dry multiple times; know by smell to stop oxidation; wok fry; need leaves; repeat; bake hot 15 min; bake lower hours; separate into groups and judge by cupping
white tea good for you
have it at lunch - 2 cups - reduces storage of fat, decreases stress, increases fat burning
Japanese legend of tea: Bodhidharama or Daruma
he was a Buddhist saint who vowed to spend 9 years starting at a wall in meditation; after 5 years he fell asleep and when he woke up he tore his eyelids off in anger; where his eyelids fell, a tea plant sprouted, he made a beverage with it and completed his meditation without falling asleep
reasons for tea popularity in US
health concerns, convenience, availability, marketing programs; versatility
Yixing pots
heated water, put leaves in, strained tea out; unglazed, clay pot used for oolongs; only use one type of tea because absorbs flavor; used in Gongfu ceremony; oolong can be steeped 7x
Clipper Ships
helped spread tea to Europe from India; they were much faster and decreased price of tea; Great tea Race with a contest of these; cutty sark
why is tea supposedly good?
high in flavonoids which are plant phenolics with antioxidant properties
Gyokuro
highest grade of Japanese tea; expensive; steamed and rolled by hand; pale green, vegetal flavor
drinking tea out
hot tea outside on the rise; see it as healthy; cheapest to drink behind water; 16% increase on menu
Tea began in Europe
in 17th century with Dutch East India company trading tea in Europe
all about black tea
in India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and China; Assam: is malty, consuming with milk is good, in India, good in bags or blends
FOP = flower orange pekoe
indicates presence of flower leaf or first open leaf and orange pekoe leaves
where did the tea plant come from?
indigenous to forests of Southeast Asia
Qing Dynasty
invented black tea; called it red tea; invented even though they didn't like it, but it traveled better than other teas; allowed tea to reach Europe
Thomas Sullivan
invented tea bags
why make CTC?
it's easier to make and it increases the cup per kilo yield without having to grow more
pairing black tea in Africa
jerk chicken, gravy; nothing creamy or sweet
all about white tea
just plucked and dried; originally from Mt. Fujian province; mainly from china but high demand so other produce it too; delicate and sweet; good health benefits; in RTDs; best brew 165-175; no sugar or milk is best; in cosmetics; can infuse multiple times
Argentina
largest exporter to US; mostly poor quality for bags, RTD teas, or bottled tea
India and tea
largest producer and consumer of tea; 99% of production is black tea; 90% is CTC for tea bags; 1% of exports; largest employer in agriculture; most estates are small family holdings
Shen Nung
legendary Chinese emperor, credited with inventing plow, refining agriculture, developing herbal medicine, etc; discovered first tea in China; name means Divine Farmer
caffeine in tea
most have 40 mg
Sencha
made like Gyokuro; not shade grown; pan fired; made from 1st and 2nd flush; green, grassy tea flavor
Irish Tea
majority are black; roots in Assam tea; tastes better with milk and sugar; Lyons and Barry's are 2 biggest competitors; afternoon tea; word for it is "tae"
Japan tea
make solely green tea; graded in Gyokuro, Sencha, and Bancha; most is steamed; on island of Kyushu they pan fry it; rolled into thin needles; dark green color; powdered into Matcha
Indonesia
make some; green tea goes to Japan
Turkey
makes some, mostly internally drank; poor quality
Kowtow
means tea tapping; in Qing dynasty emperors liked to travel incognito and would have to take their turn making tea; people wanted to thank him somehow but wouldn't blow cover by bowing so they thanked him by taping knuckles in praise, it spread from there
bilberry tea good for you
medicinal tea and 1 cup will decrease food cravings
Wedding Tea Ceremony in China
morning of - bride serves mom and dad to say thank you; day after - bride and groom serve grooms family and deposit "Lucky Red Envelopes" with money for new couple to start
too low h2o temp
not extract full range
all about green tea
oldest of tea families; use wok or steamer to kill enzymes for oxidations; vegetative aroma and flavor; known for ECGC - strong antioxidant; historically from China, Japan, and Taiwan; best known in gunpowder, chunmee, sencha, and Lung ching; best brew 175-185; drink without milk
pyramid tea sachet
open weave, biodegradable that maximized water flow; has premium tea in it
too high h2o temp
overly bitter + astringent
T=tippy
presence of whole leaf bud; good indicator of quality
Japanese tea ceremony
ritualized, an expression of service and receiving tea; tranquility, humility and simplicity; Cha No Yu; represents culmination of tea as a way of life; summoned to tiny room through a tiny door where host serves small meal; emphasizes cleanliness; thick tea served first; host talks to guests afterwards
pairing oolong greener
scallops, lobster, sweets; lightly salted snacks
pairing green tea
seafood, chicken, rice, melon
supercritical CO2 decaff
taste and odor free; effective; no health risk; can only be done economically in teas that sell in large quantities
Chinese legend of tea
tea discovered by Shen Nung, a legendary emperor; legend has it that he was boiling water as he commonly did when a leaf from a nearby plant fell into the pot, infused the water, and he drank it and liked it; other theory is he thought he was poisoned and tried a bunch of plants and this one "cured" him
United Arab Emirates
tea is traditionally sign of hospitality; impolite to refuse tea; like black tea but moving towards green
Han Dynasty and tea
tea limited; royalty and rich had it; very expensive; used for health and taste; used for commercial trade because of roads; pressed into cakes to give bitter taste
Assam tea
tea plant in northern India; have malty, bright, rich flavor, strong, intense, good for blending
Song Dynasty
tea pressed into cakes; tea competitions about beautiful cakes and pouring it; tea serving art like ceremonies became popular; started to get tea scholars; got whipped tea
self-drinkers
teas that are unique or are balanced and good enough by themselves
iced tea scare
tested it and thought there was a lot of E. coli; just mistaking a common bacteria for it though; bacteria forms because trapped in dispenser though
who brought tea to the new world?
the Dutch via New Amsterdam where it remained popular until Stamp act and Boston Tea Party happened
how Chinese have their tea
they like it really strong; will have about 6g/cup; and steep tea multiple times to yield about 6 cups; drink 6-8 cups daily
Korean tea
trending in US; common to see herbals and infusions; first found there in 661 AD as an offering to gods; common day time ceremony in certain dynasty's - seen daily then - inspired by China's ceremony
Koki cha
twig tea; final group of shearing using machines; lowest grade tea
Gongfu
type of Chinese tea ceremony; still practiced; means "patient effort"; tea steeped many times; use oolong or Puh-er
tea in China
usually use tea bags; have a lot of tea
Temi Indian tea
very like Darjeeling and very close to area
agony of the leaves
watching the reaction when water is poured over dried leave
Wu Lizhen
went to a mountain base and planted tea; made a shrine, if you take some leaves, you'll have eternal life
drinking tea in Eastern China
will drink oolong from Yixing pots
drinking tea in Northern China
will have Jasmine tea from a Gaiwan; will drink before or after meals; not with
Earl Grey
world's most popular tea; oil of bergamot (citrus) is put on leaves, gives flavor like a Darjeeling; named for the 2nd earl because he did a favor for a Chinese man's son; mostly made in India; drink plain or with sugar
having tea in Turkey
you don't have it with milk; will have with sugar; coffee is very expensive which lead to growth of tea in country; really strong tea; only steep black tea once