COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE
________ identifies both slow and quick learners.
Binet's mental ability test
________ is the tendency to search for evidence that fits certain beliefs while ignoring contrary evidence.
Confirmation bias
Describe two types of thinking that can help with creativity and provide examples of each.
Convergent thinking means putting the different pieces of a topic back together in some organized, structured, and understandable fashion. Used in this way, convergent thinking can be an essential part of the outlining and organizing process you might use when you are writing a paper. Divergent thinking, on the other hand, is the opposite process. It requires that you open your mind, think creatively, and come up with as many possible related ideas as you can. The now-common phrase, "thinking outside the box," refers to divergent thinking. Examples of divergent thinking include brainstorming, keeping a journal, free writing, and mind mapping.
An algorithm can help you solve a problem based on your past experience.
False
Formal concepts are based on individual experience.
False
Heuristics involves very involved, step-by-step processes for solving problems.
False
________ is a system that allows symbols to be combined in an unlimited number of meaningful ways to allow people to communicate with each other.
Language
The triarchic theory, which states that three kinds of intelligences exist, was created by ________.
Sternberg
morphemes
The smallest units of meaning in a language.
A prototype concept is a representation of an ideal concept.
True
Confirmation bias involves collecting evidence to support a false theory, or only seeing evidence that supports one's preconceived notions.
True
What are all the characteristics words share
Word order,Word meanings.Rules for making words,Sounds within the language,Communicating with others, and Sentence and phrase meanings
Select the item to complete the sentence correctly.
You might agree with the LINGUISTIC RELATIVELY HYPOTHESIS side, that people are greatly impacted by their language, extending to their world views. In this view, languages are behind our social realities, and there really are things that are "untranslatable." If you agree with the other side of this theoretical coin, you don't believe people can be so influenced by language, you are aligned with the COGNITIVE UNIVERSALISM THEORY , which proposes that certain concepts are universal and influence the development of language.
what are mental sets
a mental framework for how to solve a problem based on prior experience with similar problems
What are concepts
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
What systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?
algorithmic method
cognitive universalism theory
concepts are universal and influence the development of language
What are natural concepts
concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world
What are formal concepts
concepts that are based on learned, rigid rules that define certain categories of things
divergent thinking
expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
A(n) ________ is an educated guess based on prior experience that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem.
heuristic
In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to
heuristics
phonemes
in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called
insight
What are heuristics? aka "rule of thumb"
mental shortcuts
The parts of language include:
morphemes
What is the most simplified meaning within a language?
morphemes
convergent thinking
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that
one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world.
You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?
phonemes
The practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language, are referred to as
pragmatics
The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences is called ________.
syntax
The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as
the mechanical solution.
pragmatics
the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context
functional fixedness
the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use (problem-solving barrier)
linguistic relativity hypothesis or Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
the theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language
What is trial and error? also known as a mechanical solution
trying different solutions and eliminating those that don't work
Which of the following is not a common characteristic of all languages?
unique sound system of phonetics PreviousNext
You ask a student to describe the path to his dorm room. The most likely way in which he will do this is to
walk through a mental image of the path and describe it to you as he does it.