COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE

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________ identifies both slow and quick learners.

Binet's mental ability test

________ is the tendency to search for evidence that fits certain beliefs while ignoring contrary evidence.

Confirmation bias

Describe two types of thinking that can help with creativity and provide examples of each.

Convergent thinking means putting the different pieces of a topic back together in some organized, structured, and understandable fashion. Used in this way, convergent thinking can be an essential part of the outlining and organizing process you might use when you are writing a paper. Divergent thinking, on the other hand, is the opposite process. It requires that you open your mind, think creatively, and come up with as many possible related ideas as you can. The now-common phrase, "thinking outside the box," refers to divergent thinking. Examples of divergent thinking include brainstorming, keeping a journal, free writing, and mind mapping.

An algorithm can help you solve a problem based on your past experience.

False

Formal concepts are based on individual experience.

False

Heuristics involves very involved, step-by-step processes for solving problems.

False

________ is a system that allows symbols to be combined in an unlimited number of meaningful ways to allow people to communicate with each other.

Language

The triarchic theory, which states that three kinds of intelligences exist, was created by ________.

Sternberg

morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language.

A prototype concept is a representation of an ideal concept.

True

Confirmation bias involves collecting evidence to support a false theory, or only seeing evidence that supports one's preconceived notions.

True

What are all the characteristics words share

Word order,Word meanings.Rules for making words,Sounds within the language,Communicating with others, and Sentence and phrase meanings

Select the item to complete the sentence correctly.

You might agree with the LINGUISTIC RELATIVELY HYPOTHESIS side, that people are greatly impacted by their language, extending to their world views. In this view, languages are behind our social realities, and there really are things that are "untranslatable." If you agree with the other side of this theoretical coin, you don't believe people can be so influenced by language, you are aligned with the COGNITIVE UNIVERSALISM THEORY , which proposes that certain concepts are universal and influence the development of language.

what are mental sets

a mental framework for how to solve a problem based on prior experience with similar problems

What are concepts

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions

What systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?

algorithmic method

cognitive universalism theory

concepts are universal and influence the development of language

What are natural concepts

concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world

What are formal concepts

concepts that are based on learned, rigid rules that define certain categories of things

divergent thinking

expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)

A(n) ________ is an educated guess based on prior experience that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem.

heuristic

In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to

heuristics

phonemes

in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called

insight

What are heuristics? aka "rule of thumb"

mental shortcuts

The parts of language include:

morphemes

What is the most simplified meaning within a language?

morphemes

convergent thinking

narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that

one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world.

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?

phonemes

The practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language, are referred to as

pragmatics

The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences is called ________.

syntax

The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as

the mechanical solution.

pragmatics

the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context

functional fixedness

the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use (problem-solving barrier)

linguistic relativity hypothesis or Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

the theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language

What is trial and error? also known as a mechanical solution

trying different solutions and eliminating those that don't work

Which of the following is not a common characteristic of all languages?

unique sound system of phonetics PreviousNext

You ask a student to describe the path to his dorm room. The most likely way in which he will do this is to

walk through a mental image of the path and describe it to you as he does it.


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