Com 101
Example
A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people ideas conditions experiences or the like.
What should you follow with a hypothetical example
A statistics and testimony
What questions do you Ouse to emulate the stairs you have in your speech
Are the statistics representative? Are the measures used correctly Are they from a reliable source
How do you use statistics sparingly
I stern statistics only when they are needed and then make sure they are easy to grasp
When will listeners find your speeches much more credible
If you use testimony from sources qualified on the subject at hand
What do you need to do when you use a example to reinforce your ideas
Make sure it is representative- that is does not deal with rare or exceptional cases
What three things does accurate quotation involve
Making sure you do not misquote someone Making sure you do not violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase Making sure you do not quote out of context
Statistics
Numerical data
Why do you use examples to reinforce your ideas
Puts the facts and figures in vivid and human terms that everyone can understand
What are the are the four tips for using testimonies in your speech
Quote or paraphrase accurately Use testimony qualified sources Use testimony from unbiased sources Identify the people your quote or paraphrase
quoting out of context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it. The
What are the six tips for using statistics
Round off Use visual aids to clarify the trends Explain your statistics Identify the source of your statistics Use statistics sparingly Use them to quantity your ideas
How are statics used
Statices are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speakers point To create an overall impact on listeners Can be used to show the magnitude or seriousness of an issue
Peer testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
direct quotation
Testimony that is presented for word
How to know if the statistic is representative
That they are representative of what they claim to measure
Using expert testimony shows what about your speech
That your position is supported by people who are knowledgeable about the topic
Examples
The material used to support a speakers ideas.The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples statistics and testimony
Median
The middle number in a group of number arranged from highest to lowest
Mode
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
Why you have to make sure your examples are vivid and richly textured
The richly textured example supplies everyday details that bring the example to life. The more vivid the example is the more the impact they are likely to have on your audience
When should you use a direct quotation as opposed to paraphrasing
The standard rule is that quotations are most effective when they are brief, when they convey your meaning better than you can, when they are particularly eloquent, witty, or compelling
How do you identify the people you quote or paraphrase
The usual way to identify your source is to name the person and sketch his or her qualifications before presenting the testimony
What is the problem with generalizations
They dont answer the three questions listners always ask of a speaker
How do you explain your statistics
They need to be interpreted and related to your listeners Think how you can make the statistics meaningful to your audience
Why do you use examples to clarify your ideas
They put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand
Why you use personalized examples
To include examples that will add human interest to your speech
What is the easiest way to ruin a fine example
To read the example directly form your notes and not have any eye contact
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source ideas in one own words
What should you do with complicated statistics
Unless there is an important reason to give exact numbers you should round off most statistics
Why do you use visual aids when using statistics
Visual aids can save you a lot of time, as well as make your statistics easier to comprehend They can be helpful in presenting statical information
What are the three questions listeners always ask of the speaker
What do you mean Why should i believe you So what
When is expert testimony more important
When a topic is controversial or when the audience is skeptical about a speakers point of view
When should you use paraphrasing rather than direct quotation
When the wording of a quart ion is obscure or cumbersome When a quotation is longer than two or three sentences
When does research say that the impact of statistics is enhanced
When they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical
Brief examples
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
Testimony
quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
Mean
the average value of a group of numbers
What are the five tips of using examples
to clarify your ideas To reinforce your ideas To personalize your ideas Make our examples vivid and richly textured Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
Why is peer testimony especially valuable
Because it Gives a more personal viewpoint on issues than can be gained from expert testimony
Why is it important to identify the sources of to your statistics
Because listeners keep an ear out for the sources of a speakers statistics. If they don't hear the sources they will assume they are wrong
What is the single most important t Step to make using statistics in your speeches work
Being creative in thinking of ways to relate your statistics to your audience
What are the three examples you can use in your speech
Brief examples Extended examples Hypothetical examples
Why is quoting out of context the most subtle and dangerous
By quoting out of context you can twist someone's remarks so as to prove almost anything
hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situations