COMM 218 Exam 2
The fallacy of overgeneralization ____________.
an occur when we exaggerate shortcomings
emotions of positivity
joy, gratitude, hope, pride, interest, serenity, inspiration, amusement, awe, love
Chronemics
time; status=less waiting; monochronic=structured time, linear; polychronic=fluid, cyclical
appearance
how the relationship makes us look
Jordan talks seemingly endlessly about football to his partner, Mel, who does not share his interest in sports. When broaching this subject, what should Mel say to Jordan?
"I feel bored when you talk about football."
Which of the following statements is an example of metacommunication?
"You never ask me about my day at work when we're having dinner."
Hall's Interaction zones
- Intimate: skin to 18" - Personal: 18" to 4' - Social: 4' to 12' - Public: 12' to 25'
Dagmar doesn't want to be alone, but she is confident that she can find a better partner than Ethan, who has cheated on her more than once, transgressions she cannot forgive. Given this scenario, what conclusion can we draw?
Dagmar's comparison level of alternatives (CLalt) is higher than her present situation.
primary emotions
Distinct emotional experiences not consisting of combinations of other emotions; joy, sadness, anger, disgust, fear
rewards
In social exchange theory, any of the ways the relationship may fulfill the needs and desires of each partner.
Stages of Knapp's Model
Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating
tension category
Internal: within the relationship External: between the relationship and society
components of emotions
Physiological, cognitive, behavioral, social, and cultural
Emotional Labor
Situations in which managing and even suppressing emotions is both appropriate and necessary
All semester long Benjamin has sat in the second seat in the second row in his economics class. One day he enters class on time to discover Mateo sitting in this seat, which greatly upsets Benjamin. What type of nonverbal communication is Benjamin displaying?
Territoriality
Proxemics
The distance between you and another communicator.
Which candidate in Aronson's and his associates' experiment was rated as most attractive?
a person with a superior ability who blundered
Ambiguity
actions can be interpreted in different ways
reappriasal
actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotions-eliciting situations so that their emotional impact is changed
fallacy of catastrophic expectations
anything that can go wrong will go wrong
why we form relationships
appearance, similarity, complementary, rewards, competence, proximity, disclosure
fallacy of overgeneralization
belief made off very little evidence, jumping to conclusions
The fallacy of ____________ is similar to Murphy's Law.
catastrophic expectations
Etsuko, who is Japanese, found her Caribbean vacation frustrating at points because of the locals' laid-back "island time." These cultural differences involve which aspect of nonverbal communication?
chronemics
Metacommunication
communication about communication
The old saying "opposites attract" suggests which reason for forming relationships?
complementary
avoiding
create distance, mentally disassociate
It's been two years since they broke up, but Ryan still gets upset at the thought of Elaine, whom he thinks of often. He also scolds and silences anyone who mentions her name in his presence. Ryan is experiencing ____________.
debilitative emotions
reframing
deciding to talk about stuff so tension goes away completely
After reading on Facebook about the devastation forest fires had caused, Tess became depressed, although she was confident that where she lived would remain safe. This is an example of ____________.
emotional contagion
Ravi works in customer service for a company that has a high volume of dissatisfied customers who often express their anger in hostile and combative ways. Consequently, Ravi must often engage in ____________.
emotional labor
Debilitative Emotions
emotions that prevent a person from functioning effectively
Sam and Chris are engaging in small talk, and looking for things they might have in common, a quest for similarities facilitated by social media. They are at which stage of a relationship?
experimenting
A block signature indicating that a text message was typed on a mobile device is an example of ____________.
impression managment
American Darren is quick to express his feelings, both negative and positive—displays of emotion that Japanese Itsumi often finds overly candid and demonstrative. These differences illustrate which cultural spectrum of behavior?
individualism vs collectivism
Friends have told Spencer that they've seen his girlfriend on what looked like dates with someone else, but Spencer never seems to hear what they are saying. Spencer is likely a(n) ____________.
insulated listener
Max and Andi have just bought a car as a couple, spent their first Christmas vacation together visiting both sets of parents, and have been attending the same church. They are at which stage of a relationship?
integrating
Integration vs. Separation
internal: connection vs autonomy (bonding vs differentiating) External: inclusion vs seclusion
expression vs privacy
internal: openness vs closeness external: revelation vs concealment
stability vs change
internal: predictability vs novelty external: conventionality vs uniqueness
impression management
involves how we want others to see us - the process of monitoring and projecting one's desired public image
After spending weeks getting to know each other on Facebook, Melanie and Riley took the plunge and met in person. Although they had established a warm relationship on social media, they both found their first date awkward, a problem that can result from ____________.
modality switching
stagnating
no growth, enthusiasm or emotions
Emblem
nonverbal signals that can generally be translated directly into words. Most people within a culture or group agree on their meaning
complementary
opposites attract, satisfy needs where we are deficient
A fan of Game of Thrones since its debut, Samantha would rather stay home to watch the latest episode than go with friends to a party. When her favorite character, Shireen Baratheon, was burned alive in Season 5, Samantha was so devastated she had to call in sick to work the next day and suffered from insomnia the following month. Samantha had developed what scholars call a(n) ____________ relationship.
parasocial
similarity
people who are similar to us; strongest determining factor of relationships is having commonalities, validating
competence
people who are talented/smart
Sans has the same meaning in French as in English but is pronounced differently due to ____________ rules.
phonological
When her professor hands back her term paper and says, "Meet me in my office after class. We need to talk," Dahlia's stomach lurches, a reaction influenced by which rule of language?
pragmatic
The fact that we are likely to choose a mate with whom we frequently cross paths points to which reason for forming relationships?
proximity
Susan's English professor thinks that she is always listening to her lectures because she makes eye contact, nods, and take notes. In reality, Susan is using the class time to catch up on her personal diary. Susan is guilty of ____________.
pseudolistening
circumscribing
quality and quantity communication has decreased
When meeting her brother's new girlfriend, Gemma is disappointed by the lack of enthusiasm Allie exhibits. Gemma is relieved to learn from Calvin that Allie is distracted by a big exam the next morning, information that allows Gemma to engage in ____________.
reappraisal
When Maria starts to resent all the time her partner spends playing hockey in the winter and football in the summer, she tells herself that physical activity is important for Ray's health and that she is lucky he is not a coach potato. Which strategy for managing dialectical tensions is Maria using?
reframing
Being asked on a survey to rate your response from 1 to 5, with 1 being "strongly like" and 5 being "strongly dislike," is an effort to combat problems stemming from ____________ language.
relative
experimenting
search for common ground
Jada, a PR executive, likes to meet clients in her office, where her diplomas and awards are prominently displayed. This encourages a good impression based on ____________.
setting
Physical Environment
setting, environment, architecture; decorating, themes; exterior, landscape, holidays
intensifying
share commitments
It has been several days since Jenna has heard from her sister, Kerry, who is travelling alone in Asia and promised to keep in touch. When Kerry finally finds time to give Jenna a call, how should Jenna respond?
share her multiple emotions
disclosure
sharing with people increases our connection with them
initiating
showing interest in another person
integrating
social unit
Jerry and Nancy have a rule that whoever gets home first will walk the dog. When Nancy returns from work to find Jerry asleep on the couch and their pug, Lola, waiting anxiously at the door with her leash in her mouth, Jerry has committed a transgression that is most clearly identified with which category?
social vs relational
Territory
something of personal space; parking spots, seats
differentiating
spending time away
Whenever another speaker pauses, Barry jumps in to talk about himself without responding to the previous speaker. Primarily concerned about how much and how long he can talk, Barry is guilty of ____________.
stage hogging
bonding
symbolic/public gesture
terminating
talking about relationship in the past tense
dialectical perspectives
tension category, integration vs separation, stability vs change, expression vs privacy
Kinesics
the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures
Emotional Contagion
the phenomenon of having one person's emotions and related behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people
proximity
who we frequently interact with