COMM 218 Exam 2

The fallacy of overgeneralization ____________.

an occur when we exaggerate shortcomings

emotions of positivity

joy, gratitude, hope, pride, interest, serenity, inspiration, amusement, awe, love

Chronemics

time; status=less waiting; monochronic=structured time, linear; polychronic=fluid, cyclical

appearance

how the relationship makes us look

Jordan talks seemingly endlessly about football to his partner, Mel, who does not share his interest in sports. When broaching this subject, what should Mel say to Jordan?

"I feel bored when you talk about football."

Which of the following statements is an example of metacommunication?

"You never ask me about my day at work when we're having dinner."

Hall's Interaction zones

- Intimate: skin to 18" - Personal: 18" to 4' - Social: 4' to 12' - Public: 12' to 25'

Dagmar doesn't want to be alone, but she is confident that she can find a better partner than Ethan, who has cheated on her more than once, transgressions she cannot forgive. Given this scenario, what conclusion can we draw?

Dagmar's comparison level of alternatives (CLalt) is higher than her present situation.

primary emotions

Distinct emotional experiences not consisting of combinations of other emotions; joy, sadness, anger, disgust, fear

rewards

In social exchange theory, any of the ways the relationship may fulfill the needs and desires of each partner.

Stages of Knapp's Model

Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating

tension category

Internal: within the relationship External: between the relationship and society

components of emotions

Physiological, cognitive, behavioral, social, and cultural

Emotional Labor

Situations in which managing and even suppressing emotions is both appropriate and necessary

All semester long Benjamin has sat in the second seat in the second row in his economics class. One day he enters class on time to discover Mateo sitting in this seat, which greatly upsets Benjamin. What type of nonverbal communication is Benjamin displaying?

Territoriality

Proxemics

The distance between you and another communicator.

Which candidate in Aronson's and his associates' experiment was rated as most attractive?

a person with a superior ability who blundered

Ambiguity

actions can be interpreted in different ways

reappriasal

actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotions-eliciting situations so that their emotional impact is changed

fallacy of catastrophic expectations

anything that can go wrong will go wrong

why we form relationships

appearance, similarity, complementary, rewards, competence, proximity, disclosure

fallacy of overgeneralization

belief made off very little evidence, jumping to conclusions

The fallacy of ____________ is similar to Murphy's Law.

catastrophic expectations

Etsuko, who is Japanese, found her Caribbean vacation frustrating at points because of the locals' laid-back "island time." These cultural differences involve which aspect of nonverbal communication?

chronemics

Metacommunication

communication about communication

The old saying "opposites attract" suggests which reason for forming relationships?

complementary

avoiding

create distance, mentally disassociate

It's been two years since they broke up, but Ryan still gets upset at the thought of Elaine, whom he thinks of often. He also scolds and silences anyone who mentions her name in his presence. Ryan is experiencing ____________.

debilitative emotions

reframing

deciding to talk about stuff so tension goes away completely

After reading on Facebook about the devastation forest fires had caused, Tess became depressed, although she was confident that where she lived would remain safe. This is an example of ____________.

emotional contagion

Ravi works in customer service for a company that has a high volume of dissatisfied customers who often express their anger in hostile and combative ways. Consequently, Ravi must often engage in ____________.

emotional labor

Debilitative Emotions

emotions that prevent a person from functioning effectively

Sam and Chris are engaging in small talk, and looking for things they might have in common, a quest for similarities facilitated by social media. They are at which stage of a relationship?

experimenting

A block signature indicating that a text message was typed on a mobile device is an example of ____________.

impression managment

American Darren is quick to express his feelings, both negative and positive—displays of emotion that Japanese Itsumi often finds overly candid and demonstrative. These differences illustrate which cultural spectrum of behavior?

individualism vs collectivism

Friends have told Spencer that they've seen his girlfriend on what looked like dates with someone else, but Spencer never seems to hear what they are saying. Spencer is likely a(n) ____________.

insulated listener

Max and Andi have just bought a car as a couple, spent their first Christmas vacation together visiting both sets of parents, and have been attending the same church. They are at which stage of a relationship?

integrating

Integration vs. Separation

internal: connection vs autonomy (bonding vs differentiating) External: inclusion vs seclusion

expression vs privacy

internal: openness vs closeness external: revelation vs concealment

stability vs change

internal: predictability vs novelty external: conventionality vs uniqueness

impression management

involves how we want others to see us - the process of monitoring and projecting one's desired public image

After spending weeks getting to know each other on Facebook, Melanie and Riley took the plunge and met in person. Although they had established a warm relationship on social media, they both found their first date awkward, a problem that can result from ____________.

modality switching

stagnating

no growth, enthusiasm or emotions

Emblem

nonverbal signals that can generally be translated directly into words. Most people within a culture or group agree on their meaning

complementary

opposites attract, satisfy needs where we are deficient

A fan of Game of Thrones since its debut, Samantha would rather stay home to watch the latest episode than go with friends to a party. When her favorite character, Shireen Baratheon, was burned alive in Season 5, Samantha was so devastated she had to call in sick to work the next day and suffered from insomnia the following month. Samantha had developed what scholars call a(n) ____________ relationship.

parasocial

similarity

people who are similar to us; strongest determining factor of relationships is having commonalities, validating

competence

people who are talented/smart

Sans has the same meaning in French as in English but is pronounced differently due to ____________ rules.

phonological

When her professor hands back her term paper and says, "Meet me in my office after class. We need to talk," Dahlia's stomach lurches, a reaction influenced by which rule of language?

pragmatic

The fact that we are likely to choose a mate with whom we frequently cross paths points to which reason for forming relationships?

proximity

Susan's English professor thinks that she is always listening to her lectures because she makes eye contact, nods, and take notes. In reality, Susan is using the class time to catch up on her personal diary. Susan is guilty of ____________.

pseudolistening

circumscribing

quality and quantity communication has decreased

When meeting her brother's new girlfriend, Gemma is disappointed by the lack of enthusiasm Allie exhibits. Gemma is relieved to learn from Calvin that Allie is distracted by a big exam the next morning, information that allows Gemma to engage in ____________.

reappraisal

When Maria starts to resent all the time her partner spends playing hockey in the winter and football in the summer, she tells herself that physical activity is important for Ray's health and that she is lucky he is not a coach potato. Which strategy for managing dialectical tensions is Maria using?

reframing

Being asked on a survey to rate your response from 1 to 5, with 1 being "strongly like" and 5 being "strongly dislike," is an effort to combat problems stemming from ____________ language.

relative

experimenting

search for common ground

Jada, a PR executive, likes to meet clients in her office, where her diplomas and awards are prominently displayed. This encourages a good impression based on ____________.

setting

Physical Environment

setting, environment, architecture; decorating, themes; exterior, landscape, holidays

intensifying

share commitments

It has been several days since Jenna has heard from her sister, Kerry, who is travelling alone in Asia and promised to keep in touch. When Kerry finally finds time to give Jenna a call, how should Jenna respond?

share her multiple emotions

disclosure

sharing with people increases our connection with them

initiating

showing interest in another person

integrating

social unit

Jerry and Nancy have a rule that whoever gets home first will walk the dog. When Nancy returns from work to find Jerry asleep on the couch and their pug, Lola, waiting anxiously at the door with her leash in her mouth, Jerry has committed a transgression that is most clearly identified with which category?

social vs relational

Territory

something of personal space; parking spots, seats

differentiating

spending time away

Whenever another speaker pauses, Barry jumps in to talk about himself without responding to the previous speaker. Primarily concerned about how much and how long he can talk, Barry is guilty of ____________.

stage hogging

bonding

symbolic/public gesture

terminating

talking about relationship in the past tense

dialectical perspectives

tension category, integration vs separation, stability vs change, expression vs privacy

Kinesics

the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures

Emotional Contagion

the phenomenon of having one person's emotions and related behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people

proximity

who we frequently interact with