Communication

List and describe one way to improve nonverbal communication.

Improvements include: Watch reactions, enroll an observer, and focus on a specific type of nonverbal communication

In a self-fulfilling prophecy, people tend to a. respond to communication cues about expectations by adjusting their behavior to match the expectations. b. respond to communication with others with various cues, verbal and nonverbal. c. think badly of themselves. d. set low expectations for themselves.

In a self-fulfilling prophecy, people tend to a. respond to communication cues about expectations by adjusting their behavior to match the expectations.

In nonverbal communication, artifacts include a. sounds like music or a car horn b. the words we say to each other c. antiques d. none of the options available

In nonverbal communication, artifacts include d. none of the options available

In nonverbal communication, emblems express understood meaning, often replacing or reinforcing words. True False

In nonverbal communication, emblems express understood meaning, often replacing or reinforcing words. True

In nonverbal communication, illustrators a. reinforce a verbal message. b. clarify a verbal message. c. complement a verbal message. d. replace a verbal message.

In nonverbal communication, illustrators a. reinforce a verbal message.

Schutz's interpersonal needs include a. romance, belonging, and safety. b. affection, inclusion and control. c. physiological and psychological needs. d. affection and our sense of self and self-respect.

Schutz's interpersonal needs include b. affection, inclusion and control.

Selection has three main parts: a. selective choice, service and dedication. b. selective exposure, attention and retention. c. selective memory, experience and interpretation. d. selective organization, interpretation and evaluation.

Selection has three main parts: b. selective exposure, attention and retention.

List and describe the eight basic components of communication.

1.Source: creates and sends message. conveys (übermitteln) by speech, presentation, clothes, enthusiasm and body language. 2.Message: is the stimulus or meaning produced by source for the audience/receiver. Words are brought together with grammar and organization, consists also the way how to say, body language, tone and your appearance (Auftreten). Also environment and context. 3.The channel: the way on which the message travels from source to receiver. 4.The receiver: receives the message from the source, will analyse and interpret the message intended and unintended. Receives with all senses. 5.Feedback: when the receiver respond to the source. through voice, eyes, body language. Allows the source to see how the message was received. 6.Environment: atmosphere, physical and psychological where you send and receive the message. 7.Context: the context of the communication interaction. formal, informal, private or business - plays a big role in different cultures. 8.Interference: anything that interferes or changes the sources intended meaning of the message. Extern (heat, noises, light...) or also intern from receiver ( hunger, thoughts about something else...)

List and describe nine ways language can be an obstacle to communication.

1.Speech is not like written language: problems could be in grammar and meaning could vary in what is being received. speech is not permanent it is transitory what means that what we remember must not be what has been said or what was intended. 2.Slang: meaning is depending on the group or sometimes depending on a region. 3.Jargon is profession-specific language and used by professionals. 4.Sexist and Racist Language: phrases from childhood rhymes with gender classifications can be transferred into adulthood. Racist language as in black for bad and white for good as in colour classifications. 5.Small Talk: it is not literal as the words does not have the literal meaning. It is focused on context and acknowledgement of the other person. Some phrases are common used : how are you as opener like a hello and have a nice day as a bye bye. 6.Cliché: is a phrase that through overuse has lost its impact. If you repeat every time when you see someone to have a drink in a while and you never do it - than it is loosing its power and has no meaning more. 7.Profanity: words that offend, are outside the boundary of good, civil taste of normal 8.Euphemismus: people prefer a more socially accepted phrase for unpleasant things : go to the bathroom (go urinating). Euphemism is a more polite term or phrase. 9.Doublespeak: it is an extension of euphemism but implies intentional misleading go the listener : "downsizing" for workers who loses their jobs or "collateral damage" for civilians killed in the war.

According to social penetration theory, in conversation we move from a. superficial talk ro intimate and revealing talk b. revealing talk to intimate talk c. revealing talk to superficial talk d. superficial talk to nonverbal communication.

According to social penetration theory, in conversation we move from a. superficial talk ro intimate and revealing talk

According to the text, interpersonal communication is communication a. with one's self, including self-talk, imaging and Visualization b. with others, including talking, imaging and visualization. c. interaction typically between two or more people. d. interaction typically between two people.

According to the text, interpersonal communication is communication d. interaction typically between two people.

According to the text, intrapersonal communication is communication with one's self, including self-talk, imaging and visualization. True False

According to the text, intrapersonal communication is communication with one's self, including self-talk, imaging and visualization. True

According to the text, perception is: a. a group experience that involves selection, organization, and interpretation b. selection of specific stimuli. c. organization of ideas. d. a process that involves selection, organization, and interpretation

According to the text, perception is: d. a process that involves selection, organization, and interpretation

According to the text, proximity as an aspect of perception is a. the perceptual organization of information based on physical space between objects. b. the organization of information based on perception and interpretation. c. the organization of information based on size or shape. d. the perceptual organization of information based on interpretation.

According to the text, proximity as an aspect of perception is: a. the perceptual organization of information based on physical space between objects.

All non-word cues, both vocal and silent, are called a. time. b. space. c. body language. d. paralanguage.

All non-word cues, both vocal and silent, are called d. paralanguage.

Barriers to listening include a. lack of interest b. dislike the speaker, disregard the message. c. faking attention. d. all of the answers provided.

Barriers to listening include d. all of the answers provided.: lack of interest dislike the speaker, disregard the message. faking attention.

Communication is defined as: a. process of understanding one another. b. the process of understanding and sharing meaning. c. the process of verbal and nonverbal interaction. d. a process of interaction involving symbols and codes

Communication is defined as: b. the process of understanding and sharing meaning

Content messages focus on a. how the message was said. b. the deep level of meaning inherent in the message. c. the superficial level meaning of the message. d. the use of nonverbal communication to communicate content.

Content messages focus on c. the superficial level meaning of the message.

In nonverbal communication, regulators a. express understood meaning, often replacing or reinforcing words. b. mask meaning, often replacing or reinforcing words. c. manipulate or persuade communication. d. control, encourage or discourage interaction.

In nonverbal communication, regulators d. control, encourage or discourage interaction.

In order to improve your understanding of nonverbal communication a. study yourself b. read your text c. communication more with others. d. watch reactions

In order to improve your understanding of nonverbal communication d. watch reactions

In terms of the basic principles of communication, communication is: a. natural. b. consistent. c. easy. d. constant.

In terms of the basic principles of communication, communication is: d. constant.

In the communication process, the message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source. True False

In the communication process, the message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source. True

In the communication process, the message is: a. the stimulus or meaning produced by the source. b. the words used by the sender to communicate meaning. c. the verbal and nonverbal way a source communicates meaning. d. the words, language, and way a sender communicates meaning.

In the communication process, the message is: a. the stimulus or meaning produced by the source.

In the models of relational development and deterioration, relationships a. always complete one stage before progressing the next stage b. follow both models. c. can move between stages but generally have elements of the stages. d. differ based on cultural expectations.

In the models of relational development and deterioration, relationships c. can move between stages but generally have elements of the stages.

Interpersonal communication involves communication between two people. True False

Interpersonal communication involves communication between two people True

Interpretation as an aspect of perception occurs a. when you experience new situations. b. when you assign meaning and value to what you perceive. c. when you understand new concepts. d. when you express yourself.

Interpretation as an aspect of perception occurs: b. when you assign meaning and value to what you perceive.

List and describe three principles of nonverbal communication.

Nonverbal communication is fluid, fast, can add or replace verbal communication, universal, confusing and contextual, and can be intentional or unintentional

Organization as an aspect of perception is when we create classification categories of our experiences in a way that would make sense to our audience or conversational partner. True False

Organization as an aspect of perception is when we create classification categories of our experiences in a way that would make sense to our audience or conversational partner. False

Organization as an aspect of perception is when we: a. create classifications of our experiences. b. sort and categorize information in ways that make sense to us. c. put our experiences in context. d. analyze experiences according to similarity and familiarity.

Organization as an aspect of perception is when we: b. sort and categorize information in ways that make sense to us.

Our self-concept is how others see us. True False

Our self-concept is how others see us. False

Describe the difference between passive, active, critical and empathetic listening

Passive - hearing and partial listening Active - choice and selective listening Critical - choice and selective listening for specific information (or omission). Empathetic - listening to the content and the underlying meaning, including context clues and the relationship messages displayed in the interaction

Someone you do not know well stands close to you while you both discuss a work-related topic. If the conversational partner or co-worker is from a different culture than yours, what might be one possible explanation? Please label the nonverbal aspect of this example and discuss the behavior.

Space. Normative personal space customs vary across cultures

List and describe five key stages is the deterioration (Verschlechterung) of relationships.

Stage 1 Differentiating: the participants start emphasizing their differences instead of their similarities. Stage 2 Circumscribing (blaming): the participants spend less time together and the times they spend together are farther and farther apart. Communication interaction decreases and takes on a negative tone. Stage 3 Stagnation: the participants are actively engaged in other activities and joint activities are not dynamic and require little interaction. Stage 4 Avoiding: the participants actively avoid each other viewing the other as in the way. While conversation increases so does the level of disagreement and frustration. Stage 5 Terminating: the participants part ways and are no longer seen by others or themselves as a couple.

List and describe five key stages in the formation of relationships

Stage 1 Initiating: people have short conversations and making initial judgements Stage 2 Experimenting: the conversational partners want to know more about each other. They share personal information, likes and dislikes and continue to get to know each other better. Stage 3 Intensifying: the participants recognize a desire to see each other more frequently. Where the length of tie together increases, and the time apart decreases. Stage 4 Integrating: the participants recognize a relationship and start planning their activities around those of their partners.their friends see them as a couple and if one is missing, people will ask about the other. Stage 5 Bonding: the participants seek to formalize the relationship, through a public ritual like marriage or through a joint venture like buying a house.

12. Tattoos and piercings are increasingly common as forms of nonverbal communication. Please label and describe the type of nonverbal communication they represent.

Tattoos are considered an artifact in terms of nonverbal communication

The connotative meaning is one that the dictionary meaning, or common meaning, which is generally agreed upon. True False

The connotative meaning is one that the dictionary meaning, or common meaning, which is generally agreed upon. False

The four models of communication include: a. one way, two way, interactive and transactional b. linear, two way, interactive and constructivist c. linear, constructivist, transactional and interactional d. one way, two way, transactional and constructivist

The four models of communication include: c. linear, constructivist, transactional and interactional

The most basic level of Maslow's Hierarchy includes physiological needs such as energy, water, and air. True False

The most basic level of Maslow's Hierarchy includes physiological needs such as energy, water, and air. True

The physical and psychological aspects of the communication context are called a. habitat. b. environment. c. time. d. space.

The physical and psychological aspects of the communication context are called b. environment.

The study of how we refer to and perceive time is called a. haptics. b. chronemics. c. perception. d. spacial orientation.

The study of how we refer to and perceive time is called b. chronemics.

Describe the "iceberg model" in terms of self-disclosure in your own words.

We see only 10% of the whole iceberg but if we start to look underwater we have to go beyond superficial understanding to know each other and progress through process of self-disclosure.

Which best describes the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? a. Our perception of reality is determined by our language and, therefore, communication with others. b. Our perception of reality is determined by our thought process and our thought processes are limited by language and, therefore, language shapes our reality. c. Our reality is determined by our perception of language. d. Our reality is determined by our perception of our thought process.

Which best describes the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? b. Our perception of reality is determined by our thought process and our thought processes are limited by language and, therefore, language shapes our reality.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of nonverbal communication? a. Nonverbal Communication is Universal. b. Nonverbal Communication is Confusing and Contextual. c. Nonverbal Communication can be Intentional or Unintentional. d. Nonverbal Communication is Individual.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of nonverbal communication? d. Nonverbal Communication is Individual.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of verbal communication? a. Language has rules. b. Our reality is shaped by our language. c. Our reality is determined by our language. d. Language is arbitrary and symbolic.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of verbal communication? c. Our reality is determined by our language.

Which of the following is NOT a reason we engage in interpersonal communication? a. to meet our needs and the needs of others. b. to gain information. c. get to know one another. d. none of the options available.

Which of the following is NOT a reason we engage in interpersonal communication? d. none of the options available.

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Knapp's model of relational development? a. Initiating b. Experimenting c. Circumscribing d. Integrating

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Knapp's model of relational development? c. Circumscribing

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Johari Window? a. an open area, where information is known to both you and others b. that others know information about us that we don't even know. c. on information you hide from others, considering the information private. d. on the nonverbal aspects of communication interactions.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Johari Window? d. on the nonverbal aspects of communication interactions.

Which of the following is the most basic level of Maslow's Hierarchy? a. physiological needs such as energy, water, and air. b. safety as in a safe place. c. self-esteem. d. self-actualization.

Which of the following is the most basic level of Maslow's Hierarchy? a. physiological needs such as energy, water, and air.

Your self-concept is comprised of two main components a. self-awareness and self-image. b. self-awareness and self-esteem c. self-image and self-perception. d. self-image and self-esteem.

Your self-concept is comprised of two main components: d. self-image and self-esteem.