Computer Fundamentals

4

A BCD code has how many bits per number

Server

A computer or software on the network that supplies the network with data and storage

Trojan Horse

A computer program that appears to perform one function while actually doing something else such as inserting a virus into computer system or stealing a password

File

A group of records are stored in

Pages

A large application or program is divided into modules of equal size

1,048,576

A megabyte is exactly

4

A nibble is composed of how many bits

Ink Jet Printer

A non-compact printer that forms images with little dots and produces high quality images

Check Bit

A parity bit is also called. is an extra bit attached to the end of a byte for purposes of checking for accuracy.

Computer Virus

A program designed to attached itself to a file, reproduce and spread from one file to another, destroying data, displaying an irritating message or otherwise disrupting computer operations

Instruction Mnemonic

A short abbreviation for the operation

WORM

A software program designed to enter a computer system, usually a network, through security "holes" and then replicate itself

File Allocation Table

A special file that is used by the operating system to store the physical location of all the files on a storage medium, such as a hard disk or floppy disk

SCADA

A state of the art technology designed to provide supervisory control and data acquisition capability for industrial, commercial and utility power substation and systems

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A type of computer memory circuit that holds data, program instructions and the operating system while computer is on

Assembler

All are parts of the computer hardware organization except one

Screen Image

An area of memory that holds the ASCII characters that are being displayed on a monitor is called

Mouse

An input device that translates motions of a ball rolled on a flat surface to the monitor screen

JUMP

An instruction that alters the normal course of a program by causing to jump to another instruction is the

STORE

An instruction that causes data in the accumulator to be moved to the memory or peripheral register

Data Bus

Busiest bus and the one that carries that actual data

CMOS

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

Machine language

Computer programming in which groups 1s and 0s are used to represent instructions and only language a computer actually understood

CPU

Device puts data on the data bus during a write operation

Logic Circuit

Digital Circuit is also known as

DTML

Diode Transistor Micro Logic

DCTL

Direct Coupled Transistor Logic

HyperText Transfer Protocol

HTTP stands for

Memory Data Register

Holds the data being written into or read out of the addressed memory location

Software

If the executable program is kept on disk or tape

Binary

In digital codes, how do you identify codes running from 0 to 1 or run from 0-7

IDE slot

In what slot does the CD drive will be connected to the mother board of the computer

Register

Is a single word memory location used to temporarily hold data during program execution

HyperText Mark-up Language

Language used in making an internet web page

Cache memory

Memory holds the most recently read and frequently read data in memory, making subsequent retrieval of that data much faster than reading from a tape or disk drive or even from the main memory

ASII

Most widely used 7-bit alphanumeric code

Printer

NOT serially interfaced to a PC

Internet

Network where people can retrieve information, communicate, entertain or do business from the comfort of a PC

Op Code

Part of a computer instruction that defines what type of operation the computer is to execute on specified data

General Register Processors

Processors with more than two registers for arithmetic and logical operations

Virtual Memory

Refers to the computer's use of hard disk storage to simulate RAM

Trace

Refers to the debugging method in which the program is executed one instruction at a time and the register contents can be examined after each step

Access Time

Refers to the time with which a disk can find data being sought

SCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Transistor Transistor Logic

TTL means

Downloading

Term used to describe the moving of software from another computer to your own computer

Word Processing

Text editor and formatters belong to which area of computing

Operand Address

The address of the data to be operated as the CPU executes the instruction called for by the op code

Control Bus

The bus that communicates control and status information

Integer

The command line in basic programming is always started by which of the following

Database-File-Input

The data manipulated by a program is called depending on it's nature and extent

10

The decimal system is composed of how many numeras or symbols

Bandwidth

The difference between high and low frequency spectrum

DIP

The most common type of digital IC package

BUS

The physical path along which the signal travels

BIT

The smallest changeable data unit

Hollerith Code

The standard method of coding data on 80-column, 12-row card

Assembler

The system program used to translate directly an assembly language to machine language called

ROMs and EPROMs

The term "firmware" is used to describe programs stored in which of the following memory hardware

Writing

Used to describe storing data into a memory

Baudot code

What 5bit code that has long been used in Telex and teletypewriter communications

Boostrap Program

What do you call a program stored in ROM that loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

Multimedia Projector

What do you call a projector that will be used to project video signals from a computer

Stored Program

What is a set of instructions that resides on a storage device, such as hard drive, and can be loaded into memory and executed called

Compiler

What is needed to translate a high-level program into a sequence of machine instructions that performs the desired task

Parity

What is the technique used to ensure that the bits within a memory byte are correct

Scratchpad Memory

What is the term for a high speed memory used to store a small amount of data temporarily so that the data can be retrieved quickly

Program

What is the term for a sequence on a computer instructions that performs some functions

Benchmark

What program is executed on several different computers to compare their speed and performance

Program Counter

What refers to a specific register that always points to the address of the next instruction to be executed

alphanumeric data

What refers to characters that can be displayed or printed, including numeras and symbols

Coding

What refers to the manner in which alphanumeric data and control characters are represented by sequences of bits

Instruction Register

What register holds the current instruction during it's execution

Reading

What term is used to describe retrieval of data from a memory

Control Bus

What type of bus carries lines that control the operation of the memory from the microprocessor to the memory

Address Bus

What type of bus carries the memory address from the computer to the memory

Cookie File

What type of file has a record of web site activity

Parallel Port

Which computer port is commonly used in order to speed up the transfer of the computer data

Gray Code

Which of the following belongs to a class of codes called the minimum change codes, In which only one bit in the code group changes when going from one step to the next

Optical Disk Memory

Which of the following classes of mass memory devices use a lasser beam to write and read onto a specified coated disk

Address Bus

Which of the following has a function of directing memory and I/O devices transfers

Straight Binary Code

Which of the following takes the complete decimal number and represents it in binary

Repeater

Which one refers to a device that amplifies a signal and passes it on

Local Area Network

Which one refers to an assembly of computer hardware and software that enables computers to share data, software and other resources with each other

Language Translator

a system software that translates a program written in a computer language

Mnemonic

abbreviation represents the op code of a computer instruction

Logical Subtraction

all are basic operation in Boolean Algebra except

Assembly language

allows memory address and other constants to be represented by symbols rather than bit strings.

LOAD

an instruction that causes data to be brought from memory into an accumulator register

Hierarchical database

database contains records in an organized structured format

Modem

is a device converting computer digital signals to analog signals for transmission over copper telephone wire and then back to digital signals

Console

is a hardware unit where the control keys are located

Hypertext

is a software that allows used to have fast and flexible access to information in large documents, constructing associations among data items needed.

Client

is the term for a computer or software that requests information from another computer or server

FETCH

portion of an instruction cycle where the instruction is sent from memory to the instruction register

Thrashing

term for deadlock situation that occurs when a program references a different page for almost every instruction, and there is not even enough memory to hold most of the virtual memory

Object Program

translated program in machine language

Address Bus

two way parallel path connecting processors and memory containing address

ROM

what memory in a computer is used to hold the computer's start up routine

Memory address register

what register holds the address of the word currently being accessed