Connect chapter 11

Identify behavioral problems that children with chronic illnesses exhibit. (Check all that apply.)

Children may get stressed due to their condition and thus aggravate their illness. Children may feel cheated because their peers are healthy. Children exhibit regressive behavior such as bed-wetting.

Identify a behavioral problem that children suffering from chronic illness may exhibit.

Children may suffer low self-esteem believing that the illness is a punishment.

_____ teaches people to be highly aware and focused on the present moment, accepting and acknowledging thoughts and feelings without becoming distracted or distressed by stress.

Mindfulness meditation

Identify the actions taken by parents to help improve coping in a child with chronic illness. (Check all that apply.)

Parents who are not depressed can avoid expressing distress during treatment. Parents with realistic attitudes toward the disorder and its treatment can soothe the child emotionally and provide informed basis for care. Parents who have a sense of mastery over the child's illness can help them adjust better.

Identify the scenarios that increase a patient's anxiety levels. (Check all that apply.)

Patients awaiting a test result Patients awaiting invasive medical procedures Patients anticipating adverse side effects of treatment Patients receiving diagnoses of their chronic illnesses

Identify the true statements about patients who do not incorporate chronic illness into their self-concept. (Check all that apply.)

Patients may fail to be effective co-managers. Patients may not be attuned to signs of recurrent or worsening disease. Patients may engage in irresponsible behaviors which pose a risk to their health.

Match the following reason to study quality of life (in the left column) with their explanations (in the right column).

Quality-of-life information - Helps inform practitioners about care that will increase long-term survival with highest quality of life possible Quality-of-life measures - Help assess the impact of a treatment

Identify the methods to combat the issue of job discrimination in chronically ill patients. (Check all that apply.)

Retraining programs Job counseling Advice on how to avoid discrimination

_____ groups provide specific information about how others have dealt with problems and give people an opportunity to share their emotional responses with others facing similar problems.

Social support

Identify the issues children and adolescents may display when they assume more responsibilities than normal for their age group due to having chronically ill family members. (Check all that apply.)

They may express antagonism toward other family members. They may go through regression such as bed-wetting. They may have difficulties at school, truancy, and sexual activity.

Cognitive behavioral therapy conducted over the phone can benefit patients by enhancing _____.

a sense of personal control and reducing distress

The _____ has been used with the chronically ill and helps patients accept their illness experiences without avoidance or fruitless striving.

acceptance and commitment therapy

In the context of self, _____ is an important source of self-esteem and the self-concept.

achievement through vocational and avocational activities

In the context of terminal illness, catastrophic thinking, that is, imagining and exaggerating how much worse things will get, can _____.

aggravate symptoms and complicate treatment

Social support groups may act as _____.

an additional source of support provided by those going through the same event

Following the diagnosis of a chronic illness, most patients are overwhelmed by the potential changes in their lives and also the possibility of death. This commonly leads to _____.

anxiety

An evaluation for _____ needs to be a standard part of chronic care as these problems are intermittently high among chronically ill patients.

anxiety and depression

The problems of depression are aggravated in people who _____.

are experiencing other negative life events and lack of social support

Some chronically ill patients face job discrimination, and because of these potential problems, job difficulties that the patient may encounter should be _____.

assessed early in the recovery process

People who have a sense of control or self-efficacy with respect to their illness are _____.

better adjusted to their circumstances and may even have a prolonged life

Researchers have examined whether patients who believe they can control their illness are _____.

better off than those who do not see their illness as under control

The perception and evaluation of one's physical functioning and appearance is referred to as ________ _________

body image

Assessing depression in the chronically ill can be complicated as many symptoms of depression such as fatigue, weight loss, and insomnia _____.

can also be symptoms of a disease or side effects of a treatment

A reason to study quality of life among chronically ill is that it _____.

can guide interventions designed to improve quality of life

Families of chronically ill children must participate actively in the illness and treatment process as these children cannot follow their treatment regimen by themselves. Such interdependence _____.

can lead to tension between parent and child

If chronically ill patients decide to disclose the fact of their illness to those outside their immediate family, they need to consider the best approach because _____.

certain illnesses may elicit negative responses from others

Individual therapy is often guided by _____, targeting specific problems, such as fatigue, mood-related disorders, functional impairments, or stress.

cognitive behavioral therapy

Developing a realistic sense of one's illness, the restrictions it imposes, and the regimen that is required is an important process of _____.

coping with illness

Immediately after diagnosis of an illness, _____ can serve a protective function by keeping patients from having to come to terms with problems posed by the illness when he or she is least able to do so.

denial

A common reaction to chronic illness is _____.

depression

Patients who have a history of _____ prior to the onset of their chronic illness are at particular risk and therefore should be evaluated early for potential psychological interventions.

depression

Sometimes, children suffering from chronic illness are exposed to isolating and frightening procedures in order to treat their conditions. These factors can cause _____.

distress for both parents and children

The first step in increasing adherence is _____.

education

Depression complicates treatment adherence and medical decision making and also interferes with patients adopting a comanagerial role, which leads to a(n) _____.

enhanced risk of mortality from several chronic diseases

Quality-of-life assessments use a broad array of measures to _____.

evaluate the quality of life in both adults and children

A study of quality-of-life measures can help pinpoint _____.

exactly which problems are likely to emerge for patients with diseases

Some chronically ill patients, after diagnosis, have trouble reestablishing normal social relations as they may _____.

experience others' rejection or pity

True or false: Family members do not require guidance in the well-intentioned actions that they perform.

false

True or false: In the case of chronically ill patients, job counseling, retraining programs, and advice on how to avoid or combat discrimination do not need to be initiated promptly.

false

True or false: Patients who are diagnosed with chronic illness do not feel the need to withdraw from other people and do not thrust themselves into social activities before they are ready.

false

The ability to continue physically intimate relations can improve relationship satisfaction among the chronically ill and _____.

improve emotional functioning

Though denial has initial benefits, it can _____.

interfere with taking necessary treatment information and compromise health

The symptoms of anxiety may also be mistaken for symptoms of an underlying disease and thus _____.

interfere with the assessment of a disease and its treatment

Depression is sometimes a delayed reaction to chronic illness because _____.

it takes time for patients to understand the full implications of their condition

Acquaintances, friends, and relatives may have problems adjusting to a patient's altered condition as _____.

many people hold negative stereotypes about certain groups of chronically ill patients

Chronically ill women experience _____.

more deficits in social support than chronically ill men do

Depression is common among people with _____.

more than one chronic disorder

Teaching families about the nature of a chronic illness experienced by one family member can be helpful _____.

not only to family functioning but to the patient's course of illness as well

Children can adjust better to their chronic illness if they are encouraged to engage in self-care as much as possible, and _____.

only realistic restrictions are placed on their lives

The coping methods which chronically ill patients emphasize are _____.

passive coping strategies such as positive focus and escape/avoidant strategies

People with chronic disease often manage to achieve a high quality of life by _____.

perceiving control over what happens to them

For patients who are suffering from depression associated with chronic illness, _____ may be appropriate.

pharmacological treatment

Due to the diversity of problems that chronic diseases pose, people who are flexible copers may cope better than people who engage in a(n) _______ _______ _________

predominant coping styles

Many chronic illnesses such as stroke and heart disease compromise sexual activity. In many cases, the decline can be traced to _____.

psychological factors

Children and adolescents who assume more responsibilities than normal for their age group due to having a chronically ill family member may _____.

react by rebelling or acting out

Psychologists refer to the _________-_________ as a stable set of beliefs about one's personal qualities and attributes.

self-concept

The evaluation of the self-concept, whether one feels good or bad about one's personal qualities and attributes, is known as _____.

self-esteem

Quality of life has several components. They are: physical functioning, psychological status, _____.

social functioning, and disease- or treatment-related symptoms

In the context of self, _____ can provide chronically ill patients with badly needed information, help, and emotional support.

social resources, such as family and friends,

Issues of mutual concern that arise as a consequence of illness are discussed in _____.

social support groups

The difference in the usage of passive coping over active coping strategies by chronically ill patients reflect the fact that _____.

some chronic diseases raise uncontrollable issues that active coping strategies cannot directly address

Which of the following will predict adherence to chronic disease regimens? (Check all that apply.)

Knowledge of one's treatment regimen High expectations for controlling one's health and self-efficacy

Identify the coping methods with which patients can show better psychological adjustments. (Check all that apply.)

Having a strong sense of control and believing that one can personally direct control over an illness Coping by soliciting health-related information about their condition Coping using positive, confrontative responses to stress

_____ is adaptive for mental and physical health much of the time, but it becomes especially important when a person faces a chronic illness.

Holding positive expectations about the future

John, who works at a construction site, was recently diagnosed with asthma. Due to this, he was forced to take a desk job. This is an example of _____.

the effects of chronic illness on a patient's work status

The breakdown in the emotional support system of the chronically ill has implications for all aspects of life, and perhaps for this reason, _____ is the most common fear of chronically ill patients.

the fear of being abandoned by others

Depression in patients increases with _____.

the severity of an illness and with pain and disability

If depressive symptoms are attributed to illness or treatment, _____.

their significance may be less apparent causing depression to go untreated

When chronically ill women are married, _____ unlike their husbands.

they are more likely to be institutionalized for their illnesses

In the context of self, when work and hobbies are not threatened or curtailed by illness, _____.

they become sources of satisfaction from which self-esteem is derived

True or false: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed as a means of pharmacological treatment for patients suffering from depression associated with chronic illness.

true

Social support groups can satisfy _____.

unmet needs for social support from family and caregivers

During illness, the affected part of the body is evaluated negatively, and the _____.

whole body image may take on a negative aura