Psychology Test 3 Review Final Exam, Chapter 11 questions, PSYC334 Chapter 11, abnormal psych, REVEL Psychology Chapter 14, REVEL Questions/ In-Class Practice Questions: Abnormal Psychology, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 11 Revel, Abnormal Psychology C...

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption?

France

which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption

France

Carl doesn't think there's anything wrong when he rubs his genitals against passengers on the subway train for a few seconds. He may likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Frotteuristic disorder

Persons with schizophrenia are missing particular types of neurons known as inhibitory interneurons. These ate called

GABA interneurons and are responsible for regulating the excitability of other neurons

Studies have identified overlap between avoidant personality disorder and ________________, leading some investigators to conclude that avoidant personality disorder may simply be a somewhat more severe manifestation of the other

Generalized Social Phobia

Torrey and colleagues compiled concordance rates for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins. The overall concordance rate was around 28%. For disorders believed to be exclusively genetic, one would anticipate a concordance rate of 100%. What do these numbers suggest about the genetic base of schizophrenia?

Genes alone are not what determines the development of schizophrenia

Kyle wants to have sex but reports consistent pain during intercourse. He may likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Lithium primarily works on which of the following?

Glutamate

Normative social influence

Going along with others to be liked/accepted by them ---Usually results in public compliance

Ways to decrease aggression

Good: 1. Mild punishment 2. Prompt and certain punishment 3. Counting 4. Journaling your feelings 5. Recall what made you angry from third-person 6. Convey anger verbally and constructively 7. Teach empathy Bad: 1. Harsh punishment 2. Catharsis

In a prospective study,

Groups of people are observed before a disorder appears and are followed over a period of time to see which individuals develop problems

Theresa was told by her therapist to become more aware of her hair pulling and to make a fist when she feels the urge to pull. This treatment method is called which of the following?

Habit reversal training

A new patient was in a car accident recently in which his head collided against the windshield. Which of the following tests is the most likely to be administered to this patient?

Halstead-Reitan

Susan was sent to a neuropsychologist after a car accident left her having trouble concentrating and remembering things. The neuropsychologist gave her a battery of 10 measures assessing memory, abstract thought, language, sensory-motor integration, perceptions, and motor dexterity. This test battery is called the

Halstead-Reitan

Schizoid and avoidant personality disorders are similar in that, in the case of both diagnoses, people are socially isolated. However, they are different in that a person with the diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder _____________________, whereas the person diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder ____________________________.

Has little desire to form close relationships; Wants interpersonal contact but is hypersensitive to criticism

Which of the following behaviors is indicative of a gambling disorder?

Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling.

Individuals with illness anxiety disorder...

Have high anxiety about developing or having an illness. However, if somatic symptoms are present, they are mild in intensity

Important to understanding basic somatic symptom disorders is the fact that the affected patients...

Have no control over their symptoms, but are not intentionally trying to deceive others

John wants to put on a dress. According to the research, what is most likely going to be the cause of distress for John?

He will be prevented from fulfilling his desire to put it on.

To calculate BMI, weight in kg is divided by _____

Height in meters2

In 2005, which of the following accounted for 10 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions?

Heroin

`n 2005, which of the following accounted for 11 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions? Choose one answer. a. Cocaine b. Ecstasy c. Barbiturates d. Heroin

Heroin

in 2005, which of the following accounted for 10% of all drug-related emergency room admissions

Heroin

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder?

High impulsivity and affective instability

Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia?

Hippocampus

Marcus is a 19-year-old college sophomore who has recently begun demonstrating the symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following details is most likely true of Marcus?

His mother worked as a dry cleaner.

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant an Axis II diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

Histrionic

The diagnosis of ________________ personality disorder has historically been associated with women, as it was felt that the maladaptive traits identified in the diagnosis were observed more frequently in women....

Histrionic

In cases of dissociative identity disorder, the identity that is most frequently encountered and carries the person's real name is called the....

Host

Distinctiveness

How actor responds to other targets

Consensus

How others behave towards the target

Fundamental Attribution Error

How people tend to think actions belie personality instead of context

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is the level of expressed emotion. Which of the following is not one of the expressed emotions found to be predictive of relapse?

Humor

An area of the brain that appears to play an important role in eating behavior is the...

Hypothalamus

Dr. Smith wants to do an experiment to see which pigeons react the most to a given stimuli. The agency he should be concerned with is the _____

IACUC

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

If we feel empathy we help for altruistic reasons, regardless of gain/cost

When hypochondrias occurs with no or only very mild physical symptoms, what would be the correct diagnosis?

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Carl's therapist works with him to slowly learn to resist the urge to set fire to buildings by asking him to imagine himself in situations where he is tempted to set a fire but sees himself able to relax and walk away instead. This method is called which of the following?

Imaginal desensitization

John feels the need to steal a backpack, but instead stops and imagines himself resisting the urge. This method is called which of the following?

Imaginal desensitization

________ memory refers to stored information that people cannot consciously recall

Implicit

known organic cause; Down syndrome

In the United States, intellectual disability with a(n) ______, such as _____, is equally prevalent among all social classes

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the difference between factitious disorder and malingering?

In the case of factitious disorder, the person receives no tangible external rewards. With malingering, the person is motivated by external incentives such as avoiding situations perceived as stressful or personal responsibilities

Milgram study

In this study a person was assigned the role of a teacher, and the other a student. Whenever the student got an answer wrong they would be shocked, and then the voltage would increase for the next shock for each question they got wrong. This study examined the effect of authority figures conformity, as most of the people went all the way up to the maximum voltage at the insistence of an authority figure in the room.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Inadvertently making your schema come true based on how you treat others

An important goal of individuals with DID is to...

Integrate the patients' personalities into one identity that is better able to cope with current stressors

Aggression

Intentional behavior aimed at causing physical or mental harm to another ---Needs intent to harm another

What is the difference between external and internal validity?

Internal validity: Keeping everything the same but the IV External validity: The extent to which a study can be generalized to other situations

Sydnee was injured, had to quit running on the team, and lost the close support of her teammates. She lost her total identity. Sydnee could benefit from which of the following orientations?

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Dr. Wallace asked his depressed client to discuss the role of his current friends and family and how they may be affecting his depression. Dr. Wallace likely belongs to which of the following orientations?

Interpersonal therapy

Individuals diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder show high levels of ___________________ and score low on __________________ when personality traits are assessed using the 5-factor model...

Introversion; Two facets associated with openness to experience

In comparing the criteria for antisocial personality disorder with that of an earlier diagnosis of psychopathy, it has been argued that these two diagnoses have a lot of overlap. However, the diagnosis of ASPD ___________________, whereas the diagnosis of psychopathy _______________________.

Is more inclusive and reflects a lot of criminality; Is more narrow and much more focused on personality structure

One of the major criticisms of the diagnostic criteria of somatic symptom disorder is....

Is that the new diagnostic criteria appear far too loose and lead to many people being mislabeled as having a mental disorder

Down

Ishmail has slanting eyes, a small head, and a protruding tongue. He is only four feet tall and has limited speech. Ishmail most likely has the a chromosomal disorder called _______

Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?

It can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit.

Which of the following is accurate regarding bipolar disorder?

It is less common than major depression.

Which of the following statements best describes the epidemiology of major depressive disorder?

It is the most common psychiatric disorder worldwide and affects far more women than men.

Which of the following is true regarding pyromania?

It may cause significant distress and suicidal thoughts.

Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference

Which of the following is not accurate when describing an EEG?

It tells you what specific region of the brain is active.

Max is getting treatment for his snake phobia by learning to relax around snakes. The theorist most closely associated with this technique is _____

Joseph Wolpe

wat evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a BAC of 0.08) should be changed?

Judgement becomes impaired long before this BAC is reached

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed?

Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Karen no longer socialized with her friends.

The drug that can create a state most like psychosis is

LSD

the drug that can create a stat most like psychosis

LSD

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?

Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

Henry's very first date turned out to be a disaster. After that, he never went on another date again, assuming they would all turn out the same. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

Learned helplessness

___________ is a hormone that informs the central nervous system about the status of the body's fat reserves....

Leptin

What percentage of the U.S. population is of normal or healthy weight?

Less than 1/3

Babies who sleep _________________ are more likely to be _______________ at age 3...

Less than 12 hours a day; overweight

When is groupthink likely / less likely to occur?

Likely: 1. Group is highly cohesive 2. Group is isolated from contrary opinions 3. Group is ruled by a directive leader Less likely when the leader 1. Remains impartial 2. Seeks outside opinions 3. Creates subgroups 4. Seeks anonymous opinion

Which of the following is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder?

Lithium

What is the first step in sex reassignment surgery?

Living in new gender role

Which of the following is the hallmark of schizophrenia?

Losing contact with reality, referred to as psychosis

Robert feels like he should want more sex but consistently reports that he has low arousal and interest and doesn't seem to care about it. He may likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Evolutionary reasons for aggressing

Males for two reasons: 1. Establish dominance over other males and secure higher status 2. Sexual jealousy, ensuring their mate is not having sex with other men Women 1. To protect offspring

Consciously faking symptoms is a characteristic of...

Malingering

Jason wants to get out of going to work and shows up to the hospital claiming to be sick. He is likely demonstrating which of the following?

Malingering

Robert gets checked out at doctor who gives him an MRI and says there is no sign of a problem. Robert insists that he has a brain tumor and that his place of employment should compensate him. He likely has which of the following?

Malingering

When a person intentionally creates his own physical symptoms in order to get some sort of external gain---disability benefits, avoidance of military service, or extended time off from his job--he is demonstrating the symptoms of...

Malingering

John is acting in a super-excited way, so energetic he forgets to go to work and calls the boss to insult him. He is likely experiencing which of the following?

Mania

stimulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and atypical antipsychotics

Medications that are prescribed to manage certain behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder include

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________

Metacognition

which of the following drugs is MDMA structurally similar to?

Methamphetamine and mescaline

Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates?

Middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them

aberrant behaviors

Mildy adversive procedures are used in the treatment of

Most temperamental and personality traits have been found to have a

Moderate heritability

Tara has a BMI of 40. Persons with this BMI are considered...

Morbidly Obese

Historically, population groups that were most susceptible to starvation are people who are...

More likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet

Which of the following is accurate regarding kleptomania? (gender)

More women have the disorder.

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is not true?

Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood.

The two-factor theory of fear acquisition was developed by _______

Mowrer

In Western cultures, personal ambition and success are encouraged and reinforced. Consequently, the percentage of persons diagnosed with _____________________ personality disorder is higher than in other, non-Western cultures...

Narcissistic

Kilstrom (2005) and others have pointed out that conversion disorders are different from other somatic symptom disorders in that conversion symptoms _________________, while somatic symptom disorders do not.

Nearly always resemble neurological problems in their clinical presentation

Which of the following personality traits are considered risk factors for developing somatic symptom disorder?

Negative Affect, Absorption, & Alexithymia

Which of the traits identified in the 5-factor model is comprised of the following six faucets: anxiety angry- hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability?

Neuroticism

What major change has been made to the category of somatic symptom and related disorders in DSM-5?

No distinction has been made between medically explained and medically unexplained symptoms

Individuals who deliberately damage their body tissue through actions such as cutting or burning but do not express a desire to commit suicide or die are said to be engaging in...

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

fall one standard deviation above or below

Normal intelligence is classified as achieving intelligence test scores that ______ the mean IQ score of 100

Binge- Eating Disorder...

Normally involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

Which of the following is not a significant criticism of the DSM?

Not enough disorders

Which of these is not a form of childhood feeding disorder?

OSFED

John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest?

Obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following is not associated with increased anxiety?

Occipital lobe

Informational conformity

Occurs due to informational social influence in ambiguous situations, crises, or if experts are present

Which of the following governs review boards such as the IRB?

Office for Human Research Protections

Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?

One who has high fear and high callousness

_______________ is an FDA approved medication for weight loss that works by reducing the amount of fat in the diet that can be absorbed once it enters the gut

Orlistat (Xenical)

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions.

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?

Overcoming denial

A person with a BMI of 27 would be considered...

Overweight

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________

Panic attack

Demetrius always questions the loyalty of his friends and is suspicious of others. He is quick to hold a grudge and is easily angered. Demetrius' s behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of ___________________ personality disorder

Paranoid

Which of the following causal factors has been identified as contributing to the development of grandiose narcissism?

Parental Overvaluation

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except?

Past-oriented

About 20% of persons diagnosed with conversion disorder present the symptom of la belle indifference. This term refers to the fact that...

Patients exhibit very little anxiety and fear, behaviors that would normally be expected in people with symptoms such as paralysis or blindness

_______ often desire mastery or dominance over their partners, believe that their partners will benefit from sexual contact, and some tend to idealize their partners for their simplicity and innocence. Choose one answer. a. Masochists b. Pedophiles c. Fetishists d. Voyeurs

Pedophiles

Which of the following is a myth about suicide?

People who talk about committing suicide are never serious about it

It has been suggested that individuals with personality disorders are less responsive to psychological treatment because...

People with personality disorders have rigid, ingrained personality traits that often lead to poor therapeutic relationships

Theory of planned behavior

People's intentions are the best predictors of deliberate behaviors, which are determined by attitudes towards specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

According to cognitive-behavioral formulations, somatic symptom disorder can be viewed as a disorder of both

Perception and Cognition

Implicit perception can be defined as...

Perception in the absence of awareness

One of the most important things to consider in detecting malingering is which of the following?

Personal gain

The DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach in evaluating personality disorders. A dimensional approach to evaluating personality assumes that...

Personality (and personality disorder) traits fall along a continuum of intensity

Which of the following best describes the symptoms associated with amok?

Persons afflicted exhibit violent, aggressive, or homicidal behavior which is directed at other people and objects

Recent studies have compared the behavior of people diagnosed with DID with the behavior of people who are asked (after appropriate training) to stimulate DID. Individuals diagnosed with DID differed from simulators in that...

Persons with DID showed more cognitive processing problems

Eric eats paper clips. He likely has which of the following?

Pica

Jimmy has just been diagnosed as having lead poison at a toxic level. He likely may have which of the following disorders?

Pica

Two causes of the bystander effect

Pluralistic ignorance, and diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is not considered a suicide prevention technique?

Portraying famous people who have committed suicide in the media

The original theory dealing with the origins of DID had its roots in a patient's childhood and that DID was a result of an attempt to cope with an overwhelming sense of hopelessness and powerlessness in the face of a repeated traumatic experience. This theory is called...

Post-traumatic theory

Neurologically, it has been shown that individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit deficits in structure and function of the...

Prefrontal Cortex

Henry has a personality disorder. His psychotherapist has suggested that Henry has developed his personality disorder during early childhood as the result of excessive gratification of his impulses by his parents. Henry's therapist has explained the development of Henry's disorder using a __________________ theoretical perspective

Psycho-dynamic

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?

Psychodynamic

Dr. Smith's new patient describes a compulsion involving repeatedly washing her hands. Dr. Smith believes that the hand washing represents the patient's sexual fantasies. Dr. Smith likely uses which orientation?

Psychodynamic

Henry's therapist insisted that his suicidal depression was in reality a form of his anger at his parents turned against himself. Henry's doctor likely belongs to which of the following orientations?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following treatments has received the least overall empirical support?

Psychodynamic therapy

Dr. Adams, a psychiatrist, conducted in-depth interviews of family members of a man who had just killed himself. The term that might best describe this is which of the following?

Psychological autopsy

Kyle participates in an experiment in which his brain is scanned while he is asked to look at objects that might trigger his OCD. This is called which of the following?

Psychological challenge studies

An employee evaluation states: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate?

Psychopathy

Which diagnosis appears to be the single best predictor of violence and recidivism of convicted and imprisoned persons?

Psychopathy

For both Borderline and Dependent personality disorders, fear of abandonment is prominent as a clinical feature. However, the borderline personality _____________________, while the dependent personality ___________________________...

Reacts with feelings of emptiness or rage if abandonment occurs; Is submissive and urgently seeks out a new relationship to fill the void

Informational social influence

Relying on others as a source of information to guide our behavior, often in ambiguous situations. ---Usually leads to private acceptance

During which phase of the sexual response is there a characteristic sense of well-being and relaxation? Choose one answer. a. Desire b. Orgasm c. Excitement d. Resolution

Resolution

Which of the following is not a principle in the Belmont Report?

Respect for animals

Zack, diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, is participating in some form of cognitive therapy where his therapist has instructed him to not engage in checking his body as he routinely does and to not seek constant reassurance from others. Zack's therapist is using the technique of...

Response Prevention

Andrea has an eating disorder characterized by tightly controlled calorie intake and avoidance of eating in the presence of others. Which eating disorder is associated with Andrea's symptoms?

Restrictive Anorexia

Which form of eating disorder is most often admired by others with eating disorders?

Restrictive type anorexia nervosa

Which of the following statements accurately reflects our under-standing of sexual functioning in middle-aged and older adults?

Satisfactory sexual functioning is important to most adults over 40.

Two factor theory of emotion

Says emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an explanation for it

Since the passage of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, amphetamines have been classified as a _______drug, which means___

Schedule II; these drugs have a high abuse potential and require a prescription for each purchase

Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have?

Schizoid

Research finds that people with depersonalization/derealization disorder have an elevated risk for developing one of several other disorders, including which of the following?

Schizophrenia

Studies evaluating psychiatric patients and college students diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder have shown a deficit in the ability to track a moving target visually. This deficit is also found in individuals diagnosed with....

Schizophrenia

With the general public, the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is often confused with the diagnosis of _________________

Schizophrenia or "Split Personality"

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform disorder

Frances is a college student majoring in Classics and Greek language. She earns good grades and works part-time. Frances is known to practice white magic. She participates in rituals and spell-casting with a local coven. She can often be heard talking in elvish in an attempt to connect with characters from Lord of the Rings. Frances' behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of...

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? a. Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn. b. Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious. c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning. d. Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.

Sean

Burke, et al. (2014) conducted a study involving 10 women with conversion disorder. The findings revealed that when the anesthetic body part was stimulated, there was decreased activation in the somatosensory cortex but increased activation in areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula. These results support the notion that...

Sensory areas in the brain may be inhibited by overactive emotion-based processing areas of the brain

Which neurotransmitter modulates appetite and feeding behavior?

Serotonin

The obsessionality and rigidity associated with some eating disorders have been associated with what aspect of brain functioning?

Serotonin and dopamine levels

Which of the following is a risk factor for disordered eating in men but not for women?

Sexual Orientation

Which of the following statements best reflects what has been learned about sexual dysfunction from population surveys?

Sexual dysfunctions are fairly common, and many people do not seek help for their problems.

Which of the following statements best characterizes what we know about the development of sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation appears to be biologically based.

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

She has another anxiety disorder as well.

Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You might predict that....

She will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight

Extended contact effect

Simply knowing an in-group member has out-group friends is sufficient to reduce prejudice ---Can also be spread through media

Normative conformity

Social impact theory: We are likely to conform when ---the group is important to you (strength) ---the group is physically closer to you (immediacy) ---There is more than 3 members of the group (number) ---The group is unanimous in decisions ---We are members of collectivist cultures

Lenny's wife, Morgan, has been diagnosed with DID. According to Morgan, she has discovered in therapy that she was abused by her father. Lenny feels Morgan's memories are false memories, and have resulted from leading questions and suggestive techniques used by her psychotherapist. Theoretically, what perspective reflects Lenny's concerns?

Sociocognitive theory

When hypochondrias is accompanied by significant physical symptoms, the DSM-5 diagnosis will be...

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Ryan had a small rash on his hand and thought "this means I have a brain tumor and will die in one week." He may likely have which of the following?

Somatic symptom disorder

Which statement supports the notion that a hallucination is a sensory experience that is internally rather than externally generated?

Some deaf people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations

The primary goal of Kernberg's transference-focused psychotherapy is...

Strengthening the weak egos of persons with borderline personality disorder, with a particular focus on adapting their primitive defense mechanism of splitting

Kyle ate a tiny crumb of bread and immediately felt like his eating had gotten way out of control. He is likely demonstrating which of the following?

Subjective binge

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:

Subjective distress

Substance abuse usually involves an excessive use of a substance, while __________ usually involves a marked physiological need for the substance.

Substance dependence

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5?

Substance-Dependence Disorder

Brain-imaging data were evaluated for nine individuals with dissociative amnesia. Although the sample size was small, the imaging suggested that, for these diagnosed individuals, there was a...

Subtle loss of function in the right anterior hemisphere

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?

Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain.

Self-serving attribution

Success = internal, failure = external

In a study looking at successful and unsuccessful psychopaths living in a community, _______________________ showed greater heart rate reactivity under stress than other groups evaluated...

Successful Psychopaths

"Spice," "K2," and "Blaze" are names for ________________.

Synthetic marijuana

She earned a Ph.D in animal science and has developed widely used techniques for animal management

Temple Grandin was diagnosed as autistic when she was young. What aspect of her life has been of special interest to psychologists?

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?

The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.

The average lifespan of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than the average citizen

In DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for DID have been modified to include pathological possession. Which of the following statements can be made attributed to this modification?

The change makes the diagnosis of DID more inclusive and applicable to a broader range of cultural groups

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her status?

The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome

A promising treatment of dissociative disorders involves administering rTMS (repetitive Trans cranial Magnetic Stimulation) to the temporal parietal junction, an area of the brain involved in...

The experience of a unified self and body

Pike and colleagues (2003) treated 33 women who had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Of the women treated, only 17% fully recovered. The limited success of CBT for patients with anorexia nervosa may be due to...

The extreme cognitive rigidity that is characteristic of those with anorexia nervosa

Ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which area would probably be underactive?

The frontal lobes

Carol loves setting fires. She reports that she feels tension right before the fire and does not do it for any other purpose than to relieve the tension. She has depression and anxiety, and a substance use disorder. Which of the following represents what is unusual about the above description?

The gender of the person

Catharsis

The idea that blowing off steam relieves built up anger and reduces the likelihood of further aggressive behavior ---Disproven, competitive games make participants more aggressive

Realistic conflict theory

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict b/t groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

Equity theory

The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the reward/cost experienced by both parties is equal

Social exchange theory

The idea that people's feelings about a relationship depend on perceptions of reward/cost, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else

Since World War II, there has been an increase in the prevalence of emotional and impulsive behavior. It is hypothesized that this change could be the result of...

The increased breakdown of family and other traditional social structures

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging?

The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture

Deindividuation

The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified (like being in a crowd)

Which of the following is likely to occur when the body goes into "Starvation mode?"

The metabolic rate slows and the individual feels less full after eating

The bystander effect

The more bystanders there are the less likely anyone will help the victim

Which of the following is not considered a criterion for a diagnosis of pyromania?

The need to set fires every day

Marlon is transitioning between his adolescent and early-adulthood years. His brain is, therefore, going through a lot of structural changes. Which of the following is one of those changes?

The number of excess synapses are being reduced, or "pruned"

Connor participated in a simulated jury where he was asked to read case vignette and then look at mug shots of 2 men and 2 women who were either thin or obese. He was asked to rate the guilt of each of these four individuals on a scale from 1-5. Based on a previous study, which of these individuals was the most likely to give the highest rating of guilt?

The obese woman

18

The onset of intellectual disability is always before which age?

Out-group homogeneity

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. What is the key difference is the individual's reaction to that fear?

The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

Which of the following is one of the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis?

The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?

The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

Diffusion of responsibility

The phenomenon wherein each bystander's sense of responsibility decreases with more people

Conversion disorder is characterized by...

The presence of neurological symptoms in the absence of a neurologic diagnosis

With conversion disorders, Freud thought that the reduction in anxiety and intrapsychic conflict was ____________________, but noted that patients often also experienced __________________ as well

The primary gain that maintained the condition The secondary gain such as receiving sympathy and attention from loved ones

Misattribution of arousal

The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do ---Happens when experiencing arousal in ambiguous situations

The historical roots of the DSM-IV of the category of somatic symptom disorders dates back to

The psychoanalytic concept of hysteria and the work of Freud, Breuer , and Janet

When Patrick and colleagues (1993) compared the fear-potentiated startle of psychopathic and non-psychopathic prisoners while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral slides, they found that...

The psychopathic prisoners did not show the startle effect, although the non-psychopathic prisoners did

What brain changes were noted in the research with rats that were provided extended access to high-fat and high-sugar foods?

The rats exhibited a down-regulation of activity in their brain reward circuits

variance

The statistic in which the differences from the mean are squared (to eliminate negative numbers) before they are added together and divided by their total number is called the

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance

Group polarization

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members

Overjustification Effect

The tendency for people to view their behavior as compelled by extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate how much is intrinsically motivated ---Avoided if initial interest was low, or by giving performance-contingent rewards

Frustration-aggression theory

The theory that frustration --the perception you're prevented from reaching a goal-- increases the probability of an aggressive response

Social cognitive learning theory

The theory that people learn social behavior in large part through observational learning and by cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs

Self-perception theory

The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs

Social identity threat

The threat elicited when people perceive that others are evaluating them as a member of their group instead of as an individual ---Thinking about your own negative stereotypes inhibits performance

Which of the following is a characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?

The use of laxatives

Contact hypothesis

The view that social interactions b/t social groups would reduce prejudice

It has been suggested that some of the increase in the prevalence of DID is artifactual and has occurred because...

Therapists looking for evidence of DID in patients may suggest the existence of alter identities

In the treatment of adults with anorexia, ________________________...

There is no leading effective treatment

Which of the following is true regarding OCD and TTM?

They both involve repeating behaviors.

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?

They occur more often in women than men.

Why are assertive community treatment programs a cost-effective way to provide treatment to those with schizophrenia?

They reduce the amount of time that patients spend in a hospital

Why are symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking categorized as positive symptoms?

They reflect an excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior or experience

Asch study

This study involved a group of confederates saying which line looked the most similar in length to the one on a card he gave you, and then you announced your answer out loud. If all the confederates agreed on a wrong line, then so did the non-confederate participants. Shows the power of normative social influence on conformity.

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?

To minimize cravings

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?

Trait anxiety

Today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for which of the following reasons?

Treating narcolepsy.

What essential amino acid is serotonin made from?

Tryptophan

Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy?

Using charm to make a strong first impression.

The sensory symptoms of deficits found with persons of conversion disorder are most often found in which of the following sensory symptoms?

Visual

Emily tells her therapist that her husband is dishonest, conceited, arrogant, and demanding but also frequently expresses feelings of shame and self-doubt. Based on these behaviors, Emily's therapist feels that her client is married to a...

Vulnerable narcissist

mean of 100, standard deviation of 15

What is the mean and standard deviation of most intelligence tests?

Social facilitation

When people are in the presence of others and their individual performance CAN be evaluated, they tend to perform better on simple tasks but worse on complex ones

Social loafing

When people are in the presence of others and their performance CANNOT be evaluated, they perform worse on simple tasks and better on complex ones

Pluralistic ignorance

When people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way when they are not

Why would it be accurate to say that a "cure" for schizophrenia has yet to be uncovered?

When stringent criteria are used to define recovery, only about 14 percent of those with schizophrenia recover.

When do attitudes predict spontaneous behavior?

When the attitude is highly accessible

Because many children experience fears as a normal part of childhood, how can one determine when such fears have become abnormal and pathological?

When the fears are persistent, extreme, impairing, and beyond what is developmentally expected

Representativeness heuristic

When you classify something based on how similar it is to a typical case

encephalitis

Which of the following causes of intellectual disability results from infection of the brain?

impaired communication ability

Which of the following is one of the class symptoms of ASD?

The main difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?

While there is overlap, ASPD is broader and psychopathy is more narrowly defined.

Impoverished environments can be less intellectually stimulating

Why does cultural-familial mental disability occur more frequently among the poor?

Which of the following advocated treating the mentally ill in regular living conditions instead of asylums?

William Tuke

Which of the following is a good test of frontal lobe deficits?

Wisconsin card sort

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

The _____ was developed to measure addiction to food.

Yale Food Addiction Scale

autism spectrum disorder

You are watching the film Rain Man and, based on your course work in abnormal psychology, you recognize that an appropriate diagnostic category for the character Raymond, portrayed by Dustin Hoffman is,

Better educated families are more likely to seek diagnosis and treatment for their children at specialty clinics

Your family is discussing autism because a neighbor was recently diagnosed as suffering from ASD. Most of the members of the family say they are not surprised, because autism occurs in better-educated families. You recognize that this is not true, so you tell your family that their false correlation is a result of a referral bias. They look at you with puzzlement and ask you to explain. What do you say?

According to findings of the MIDUS study, when adults reported "turning points" in their lives, most were ________. a.positive experiences b.sources of regret c.outside of the individual's control d.midlife crises

a

For both sexes, number of friends ________ from middle to late adulthood as people ________. a.declines; become less willing to invest in nonfamily ties unless they are very rewarding b.declines; become preoccupied with care of children and aging parents c.rises; more frequently turn to social media sites to revive "dormant" friendships d.rises; see friendship support as more beneficial after children leave the home

a

For low-SES men with troubled pasts, ________________ can provide a context for high generativity. a.fatherhood b.owning their own home c.gainful employment d.earning a college degree

a

Grandparents rearing grandchildren report ________ typical grandparents do. a.as much fulfillment in the grandparent role as b.less emotional stress than c.poorer grandparent-grandchild relationships than d.fewer financial burdens than

a

Job satisfaction ________ in midlife in ________. a.increases; diverse nations and at all occupational levels b.decreases; Western nations for hourly workers c.increases; skilled trades, but not unskilled occupations d.decreases; Western nations for college-educated workers

a

Midlife gains in ________ may contribute to an increase in effective coping in middle adulthood. a.emotional stability b.negative life events c.androgyny d.the "big five" personality traits

a

People who flexibly modify their identities in response to age-related changes yet maintain a sense of self-continuity are ________. a.higher in life satisfaction b.low in self-esteem c.less aware of their own thoughts and feelings d.more in tune with the needs of others

a

Which statement about retirement planning is true? a.The United States does not offer a federal pension system that guarantees an adequate standard of living. b.The economic recession of 2007 to 2009 has pushed back the average retirement age by at least a decade. c.Few baby boomers say they expect to delay their retirements. d.The average age of retirement rose over the course of the twentieth century.

a

In order to determine the severity of a patient's symptoms, a psychologist asks her patient who is terrified of flying to try going on an airplane. This is an example of ____________

a behavioral avoidance test

When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was ________

a break with reality

Physicians and other practitioners may choose to give new patients a screening assessment, which is

a brief measure in which a cutoff score indicates the possibility of significant problems

Having worked for a state agency for several years, Sheri's job involves helping children and others to obtain service that they cannot get for themselves. In some cases, she works to change the system so that underserved populations can obtain more assistance. Sheri probably works for

a child advocacy program

somatic symptom disorders

a class of disorders associated with excessive fear or concern with one's body and health.

personality disorders

a class of disorders involving pervasive, and long-lasting disturbances in the way a person acts, thinks or feels.

dissociative disorders

a class of disorders involving separations in memory, consciousness, perception, and identity.

impulse control disorder (ICD)

a class of disorders involving the inability to resist urges to perform acts or behaviors that may be harmful to the self of others, such as gambling, fire setting, or aggressive behavior.

anxiety disorders

a class of psychological disorders characterized by an excessive or persistent state of apprehension, tension, and worry.

With psychological disorders, the diagnosis given is primarily based on

a cluster of symptoms

Coprolalia

a complex vocal tic that involves the uttering of obscenitites

James checks the locks on his door every time he has a bad thought. This might be an example of ____

a compulsion

major depressive disorder

a condition characterized by episodes lasting at least two weeks in duration in which there are persistent and profound feelings of sadness and despair.

conversion disorder

a condition where patients experience physical symptoms, such as paralysis, blindness, or gait changes, that cannot be medically explained.

social nonconfirmity

a criteria for determining abnormality that considers whether a person's behavior conforms to social norms.

sociocultural context

a criteria for determining abnormality that considers whether a person's behavior is appropriate for the situation and culture.

Tourette's disorder

a developmental disorder characterized by sudden and unexpected vocal and motor tics.

depersonalization disorder

a dissociative disorder in which a person has persistent or recurring feelings of being detached from one's own experience, such as out-of-body sensations, or feeling as though one is in a dream.

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

a dissociative disorder in which a person's consciousness gets divided into two or more distinct personalities.

delusion

a false belief, usually implausible, that a person is unable to change, despite contradictory evidence.

An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ________; the drug is called ________.

a flashback; LSD

A psychologist is attempting to determine what a patient does right before he has a panic attack. This is an example of ____________

a functional analysis

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that

a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

autism spectrum disorder

a group of disorders including autism, Asperger's, and pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified.

Pathological gambling seems to be________________

a learned pattern.

of the following who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. A woman with no criminal history b. A woman with multiple children c. A male with a personality disorder d. A male with multiple children

a male with a personality disorder

word salad

a meaningless mixture of words and phrases characteristic of advanced schizophrenia.

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is ________

a memory defect for recent events

cyclothymic disorder

a milder, more chronic form of bipolar in which a person experiences fluctuations in mood states for at least 2 years.

A study found that criminal assaults are positively correlated with increased purchases of ice cream. This correlation can best be explained by ______

a moderator that may link the two variables

bipolar II disorder

a mood disorder to be diagnosed, a person must have experienced a current or past episode of depression as well as current or past episodes of elevated mood.

bipolar I disorder

a mood disorder. To be diagnosed, a person must have experienced at least one manic episode lasting at least a week.

The most effective way to approach the treatment of anorexia nervosa is with

a multidisciplinary team

hallucination

a perceptual experience of something as real that does not exist.

which of the following is a misconception about alcohol? a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic. b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep. c. Mixing different types of alcohol does not make people more drunk than the same amount of a single type. d. Drinking coffee does not counteract the effects of alcohol.

a person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic

borderline personality disorder

a personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and behavior.

schizophrenia

a psychotic disorder marked by severely impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors.

External justification

a reason or an explanation for dissonant personal behavior that resides outside the individual ---Reward/punishment

Neuroimaging studies comparing the scans of hallucinating persons to those of non-hallucinating persons reveal that those who have speech hallucinations tend to have

a reduction in brain (grey matter) volume in the left hemisphere auditory and speech perception areas

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means ________

a significant loss of contact with reality.

catatonic stupor

a state of muscular rigidity often to the point of immobility and seeming unawareness of the environment.

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that ________

a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

Brief Motivational Intervention is

a therapy that attempts to encourage alcoholics to reduce alcohol intake without necessarily abstaining altogether

dysthymia

a type of depression that is milder, but more chronic than major depression.

Passive suicidal ideation includes

a wish to be dead

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

a. Antisocial

Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep? Choose one answer. a. Barbiturates b. Mescaline c. Morphine d. Codeine

a. Barbiturates

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? Choose one answer. a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria. b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder. c. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs. d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.

a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.

Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? Choose one answer. a. Night-time security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

a. Night-time security guard who works alone

Which of the following statements is true? Choose one answer. a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving. b. Over time, all cultures develop more liberal attitudes toward sex. c. There is little that is considered "taboo" in modern society. d. Monogamy is a dated concept.

a. Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving.

When it comes to cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate? Choose one answer. a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures. b. Only in Western societies do men place greater emphasis on a partner's attractiveness. c. In a specific culture, sexual attitudes and practices tend to be quite stable over hundreds of years. d. In most cultures, people are highly tolerant of sexual nonconformity.

a. Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures.

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? Choose one answer. a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance. b. The most effective treatments are psychological. c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed. d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.

a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.

Marks: 1 Dialectical behavior therapy is Choose one answer. a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder. b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change. c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective. d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization.

a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of Choose one answer. a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. antisocial personality disorder.

The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. Choose one answer. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

a. attention; admiration

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is Choose one answer. a. avoidant personality disorder. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. paranoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. avoidant personality disorder.

Personality disorders were once known as Choose one answer. a. character disorders. b. identity disorders. c. conduct disorders. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns.

a. character disorders.

Semen is responsible for masculine characteristics such as beard growth and for general physical and sexual vigor. Therefore, wasting semen through masturbation and patronizing prostitutes is damaging to the nervous system" This statement best illustrates the ________ theory of sexual behavior. Choose one answer. a. degeneracy b. psychoanalytic c. abstinence d. disease

a. degeneracy

What is the most common sexual offense reported to the police? Choose one answer. a. exhibitionism b. voyeurism c. frotteurism d. pedophilia

a. exhibitionism

Aversion therapy may involve Choose one answer. a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus. b. rewarding appropriate sexual responses. c. continuous masturbation to a paraphilic fantasy. d. repeated expression of aggressive feelings to the point of exhaustion.

a. exposure to a foul odor when becoming sexually aroused to a deviant stimulus.

Martin has always felt he was really a girl. He dressed in girl's clothing as a child and still wants to be a girl. He is sure a mistake was made and that he is inhabiting the wrong sexed body. Martin's symptoms suggest a diagnosis of Choose one answer. a. gender identity disorder. b. gender dysphoria. c. transvestic fetishism. d. homosexuality.

a. gender identity disorder.

One's sense of maleness or femaleness is called Choose one answer. a. gender identity. b. gender role. c. gender orientation. d. gender preference.

a. gender identity.

Most sadists are Choose one answer. a. heterosexual men. b. homosexual men. c. heterosexual women. d. homosexual women.

a. heterosexual men.

It is quite rare for pedophilia to Choose one answer. a. involve a female pedophile. b. involve sexual penetration or violence. c. occur in children between 8 and 11. d. include manipulation of the child's genitals.

a. involve a female pedophile.

he five factor model Choose one answer. a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. is a five step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.

The most recent studies of satisfactory outcome from sex reassignment surgery find Choose one answer. a. most individuals are satisified b. few individuals are satisfied c. satisfication depends upon whether the operation involves a male-to-female or a female-to-male change. d. satisfication depends on the length of time that individuals live as the gender they wish to become prior to the surgery.

a. most individuals are satisified

In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous Choose one answer. a. offers both group and one-on-one support. b. is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have "hit bottom." c. uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree. d. has a low dropout rate.

a. offers both group and one-on-one support.

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves Choose one answer. a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. b. continued use despite social and occupational problems. c. pathological use of the substance. d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.

a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.

Concerning the causes of alcoholism, Choose one answer. a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence. b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism. c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women. d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.

a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.

pium and heroin Choose one answer. a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers. b. have always been two of the most abused illegal drugs. c. induce euphoria but do not reduce pain. d. control pain only if they are used to cause unconsciousness.

a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.

all drugs that people become dependent on

act on pleasure pathways of the brain

Drug abuse and dependence are most common during

adolescence and young adulthood

The most common age of onset for paraphilic disorders is

adolescence to young adulthood

Cooper is an 11-year-old boy who is quite large for his age. He is much taller than all of his classmates, and as a result they are rather intimidated by him. Cooper is very aggressive, and is regarded as a bully by his peers. He often pushes other kids around and is quickly ready to fight if they stand up to him. He has been suspended from school three times for punching other kids. In one instance, the other child suffered serious bruises from the assault. Cooper's behaviors are consistent with the ________ subtype of conduct disorder.

aggressive behavior

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes

aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of

agoraphobia

heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes

agressiveness and withdrawal in the child

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. he was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. john seems to be experiencing

alchol withdrawal delirium

A high co-morbidity has been noted between pathological gambling and

alcohol abuse and personality disorders

Barney, age 50, had been drinking heavily for the past 30 years. He has been sober for one year. Since being sober, he has shown difficulty with remembering recent conversations with family and coworkers, cannot recall the names of people he has met int the past six months, and appears confused and disoriented. What DSM-5 alcohol-related disorder is consistent with these observations about Barney?

alcohol amnestic disorder

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as

alcohol amnestic disorder

which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resultinf from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity

alcohol amnestic disorder

bertha has been drinking to excess for many years, she is malnourished because

alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients

Bob, after going on a week-long alcohol binge, has not had anything to drink in the last 24 hours. He states there are rats running across the floor (though no one else sees the rats), exhibits trembling in his hands, and cannot identify where he is when taken to the hospital. Bob is likely to be experienceing

alcohol withdrawal delirium

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing

alcohol withdrawal delirium

Korsakoff's syndrome is now known as ________

alcohol withdrawal delirium.

which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.

alcoholism increases the risk of suicide

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism

all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism,

all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism.

Mania is not recognized in the DSM as a separate disorder because it

almost never occurs without depressive episodes

Patients suffering from conversion disorder have symptoms that consist primarily of

altered motor or sensory dysfunction

Benzedrine is a(n)

amphetamine.

benzedrine is

an amphetamine

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive levels of daily anxiety that interfere with global functioning.

panic disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and the subsequent fear and anxiety of having additional attacks.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors that interfere with daily functioning.

In an interview with a clinician, a woman says, "I got turned down when I asked someone for a date. I know I'll be alone the rest of my life." Such a statement is an example of

an automatic thought

pyromania

an impulse control disorder characterized by an intense interest in fire and fire setting.

kleptomania

an impulse control disorder in which a person feels a compulsive urge to steal, even though the item may not have any monetary or personal value.

intermittent explosive disorder

an impulse control disorder involving the inability to control aggressive behaviors that may harm others or destroy property.

stress-vulnerability models

an integrated approach to explaining the cause of psychological disorders that suggests individuals inherit or acquire a predisposition to a psychological disorder, and additional stress or protective factors determine whether or not a person will ever show symptoms of a disorder.

From a psychodynamic perspective, which of the following is not a causal or maintenance factor of factitious disorder?

an intense need to evoke strong reactions in others

A measure of clinical significance tells us that

an observed change in a patient is a meaningful improvement

Ryan had the thought that "if I don't wash my hands three times, my family will die." This might be an example of ____

an obsession

All family therapies view a child's problems as, to some extent,

an outgrowth of pathological interaction patterns within the family.

A researcher interested in social anxiety placed an ad in the newspaper seeking people with public speaking anxiety. People who volunteer for this type of study are part of a(n)

analogue sample

To study the biology of sexual attraction, scientists study sex hormones called ____?

androgens

Antidepressants have been shown to be effective for each of the following except for _____

anorexia nervosa

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________.

antabuse;naltrexone

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of ________

antisocial personality disorder.

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that ________

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia.

Julie has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. This means she is suffering from a condition in which her physical symptoms

are accompanied by abnormal or excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors

Children of mothers who use crack

are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers

In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder ________

are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships.

endorphins

are opium-like substances produced by the body

Endorphins

are opium-like substances produced by the body.

Endorphins ________

are opium-like substances produced by the body.

Electroconvulsive therapy is most appropriate for patients who

are severely depressed and who have not responded to other treatments

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders ________

are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

cultural relativism

as relates to diagnosing abnormal behavior, the position that there is no universal standard to measure cultures by, and that all cultures are equally valid and must be understood in their own terms.

children of mothers who use crack are

at risk for being mistreated by their mothers

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with

avoidance

The personality disorder which includes pervasive social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy & hypersensitive is?

avoidant personality disorder

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is ________

avoidant personality disorder.

The fiber through which a cell transports information to another cell is called the ________

axon

According to Erikson, a culture's "belief in the species" is ________. a.found primarily in Western civilizations b.a major motivator of generative action c.uncommon in individualistic societies d.a contributing factor to stagnation

b

Among ________ workers, midlife career shifts are seldom freely chosen. a.government b.blue-collar c.self-employed d.white-collar

b

Contrary to previous studies, recent self-reports show little age-related change in men's and women's endorsement of "masculine" and "feminine" traits throughout adulthood, possibly due to ________. a.an effort by recent cohorts to be more politically correct b.the influence of the women's movement on recent cohorts c.a generational lack of interest in androgyny d.the unwillingness of recent cohorts to address gender issues

b

Fatima regrets having suffered through years of a strife-ridden marriage that ended in a contentious divorce. Yet she is glad to have moved on, having derived from the experience a clearer vision of what to look for in a life partner. Compared to Fatima's friend Naomi, who remains resentful of her own ex-husband, Fatima is likely to report ________. a.heightened cognition b.better physical health c.better relationships with her children d.more effective coping strategies

b

Fifty-year-old Neil was an engineer at a large robotics company, but he recently quit his job and found employment as a bank teller. According to research, what does this dramatic shift say about Neil? a.Neil most likely had disagreements with his boss and decided to try something new. b.Neil may be experiencing a personal crisis, sparked by nonwork problems. c.Neil is experimenting with a new possible self and will likely go back to another engineering job within two years. d.Neil was likely experiencing burnout at his old job, and this change of pace is healthy for him.

b

Largely because they were less willing to endorse individualistic traits, such as self-acceptance and autonomy, ________ adults reported lower levels of psychological well-being than did same-age U.S. MIDUS participants. a.Australian b.Japanese and Korean c.Western European d.Central American

b

Whereas Levinson saw ________ during the transition to middle adulthood, Vaillant saw ________. a.decreased generativity; increased generativity b.substantial inner turmoil; slow and steady change c.slow and steady change; substantial inner turmoil d.increased generativity; decreased generativity

b

Which of the following middle-aged adults with a chronically ill parent is likely to experience the most stress? a.Joanne, who visits her mother at a nursing home weekly b.Aminah, whose father moved into her home after breaking his hip c.Parker, who handles his parents' finances and does their shopping d.Oliver, who checks on his mother daily and also has two children of his own

b

Which of the following middle-aged parents is likely to provide the most overall assistance—including coresidence, advice, and emotional encouragement—to his or her young-adult children? a.David, a middle-SES European-American man with two daughters b.Isabel, a low-SES Colombian-American woman with four children c.Willa, a middle-SES African-American woman with two sons d.Kirigaya, a high-SES Japanese man with one son

b

Which statement about divorce at midlife is true? a.Few men enter new relationships and remarry within a short time after divorce. b.Midlifers seem to adjust more easily to divorce than younger people. c.After a highly distressed marriage, divorced women are likely to experience a decline in psychological well-being. d.Divorce rarely reduces standard of living for women.

b

Which statement about psychological well-being in midlife is true? a.Maintaining an exercise regimen has physical benefits but does not contribute to psychological well-being. b.The role of marriage in mental health increases with age, becoming a powerful predictor of well-being by midlife. c.Adults who do not experience flow are just as likely to be happy with their lives as those who do. d.Adults who "specialize" in a single role, such as spouse or worker, report higher life satisfaction.

b

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________. Choose one answer. a. relapse prevention b. Alcoholics Anonymous c. aversive conditioning treatment d. a replacement program

b. Alcoholics Anonymous

The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. Borderline personality disorder b. Depression c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder

b. Depression

hich of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption? Choose one answer. a. Argentina b. France c. Germany d. United States

b. France

he drug that can create a state most like psychosis is Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. LSD. c. heroin. d. marijuana.

b. LSD.

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from Choose one answer. a. Histrionic personality disorder. b. Narcissistic personality disorder. c. Dependent personality disorder. d. Schizoid personality disorder.

b. Narcissistic personality disorder.

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? Choose one answer. a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Clear link to schizophrenia d. Trust in other people

b. Oddness or eccentricity

Sam shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? Choose one answer. a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic

b. Schizoid

am shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? Choose one answer. a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic

b. Schizoid

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? Choose one answer. a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.

b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging? Choose one answer. a. The severity of the withdrawal b. The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture c. The lack of a means of minimizing cravings d. The high probability that the user is also dependent on other drugs

b. The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture

he fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it: Choose one answer. a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder gets into new relationships and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.

b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

All drugs that people become dependent upon Choose one answer. a. are socially acceptable. b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain. c. provide the user with renewed energy. d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased

b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.

eople with transvestic fetishism Choose one answer. a. include males and females, although more males than females. b. are usually heterosexual. c. frequently cause harm to others. d. wish to be the opposite gender.

b. are usually heterosexual.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality Choose one answer. a. is mainly learned. b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions. c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. d. is mainly genetic.

b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.

"Crack" is a form of Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. cocaine. c. ecstasy. d. methamphetamine

b. cocaine.

Crack" is a form of Choose one answer. a. amphetamine. b. cocaine. c. ecstasy. d. methamphetamine.

b. cocaine.

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is Choose one answer. a. borderline personality disorder. b. dependent personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

b. dependent personality disorder.

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd Choose one answer. a. has an organic impairment. b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol. c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence. d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol.

b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.

The most common personality characteristic of rapists is Choose one answer. a. sexual sadism. b. impulsivity. c. empathy. d. extraversion

b. impulsivity.

It was once believed that masturbation caused Choose one answer. a. infertility. b. insanity. c. narcissism. d. schizophrenia.

b. insanity.

While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. Choose one answer. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because Choose one answer. a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available. b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption. c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly. d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.

b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.

The most common theory about voyeurs is Choose one answer. a. they become classically conditioned to respond in a stronger way to the female body than most males. b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful. c. they were exposed to excess male hormones during prenatal development. d. with the advent of more sexually explicit movies and magazines, voyeurism is quickly becoming extinct.

b. they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful.

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of Choose one answer. a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder. b. tolerance. c. withdrawal symptoms. d. an organic impairment.

b. tolerance.

The tension-reduction causal model is difficult to accept as a sole explanatory hypothesis for alcohol use

because if tension-reduction was the main factor, one would expect substance-abuse disorder to be far more common since alcohol tends to reduce tension for most people who use it.

Why is it so important for adults to recognize when a child needs professional help and to take the initiative in seeking it?

because in many cases children with psychological struggles cannot ask for help themselves

In order for someone to be diagnosed with intellectual disability, problems with intelligence and general level of performance must be evident

before the age of 18

A patient has an extreme spider phobia. He is taken to a room with a cage of spiders against the opposite wall. He is asked to walk as close to the cage as he can. He takes two steps toward the cage and says he cannot go any closer. The psychologist measures the distance on the floor from the patient's feet to the cage. This is a

behavioral avoidance test

The study of whether certain behavioral traits or mental disorders are heritable, or influenced by genes, is called

behavioral genetics

The cohesive family model is a family-group-oriented approach used to treat oppositional defiant (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). With this model, ODD and CD are conceptualized as

being reinforced and maintained by ineffective parenting practices

Which of the following medications are typically used in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children?

benzodiasepines and SSRIs

The more specific the attitude the ______ it will predict behavior

better

The diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires the presence of

binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors

Miguel has become morbidly obese. He regularly eats at restaurants that serve meals buffet style. He prefers to eat alone, however, and he often eats until he is uncomfortable. He does not purge. He may be suffering from

binge-eating disorder

panic attacks

brief episodes of intense fear including both cognitive and physiological symptoms of discomfort.

Kevin was hospitalized after a report from his college that he was hallucinating and delusional. After three days in the hospital with no medication, his behavior returned to normal. He returned to college and has continued in his studies with no further episodes being noted. Kevin's behavior is consistent with the DSM-5 diagnosis of

brief psychotic disorder

A person who has experienced a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that last a few days and then pass, often never to return, would be diagnosed with _________

brief psychotic disorder.

According to Vaillant, the most-successful and best-adjusted middle-aged adults enter a calmer, quieter time of life in which ________ become(s) a major preoccupation. a.long-term personal goals b.midlife crises c."passing the torch" d.community leadership

c

Burnout occurs most often in the ________ professions. a.business executive b.food service c.helping d.entertainment

c

In Denmark, Sweden, and Japan, government-sponsored ________ ease the burden of caring for aging parents. a.counseling sessions for adult siblings b.travel rebates c.home helper systems d.meal delivery systems

c

Which of the following adults displays signs of stagnation? a.During an office gift exchange, Seth is concerned that his gift is not appreciated by his coworker. b.Priya enjoys volunteer activities but is very selective about the ones she chooses. c.Brian does not apply himself at work, and he chooses to stay at home rather than attend his son's baseball games. d.Jean does not take the time to listen to her children before rushing to try to solve their problems.

c

Which of the following adults would stand to benefit the most from attending a retirement preparation program? a.Christie, a registered nurse with a small amount of debt b.Richard, an African American who holds a masters degree c.Marcus, a high-school graduate with low life-time earnings d.Vanessa, a school principal and single parent of three children

c

Which of the following is a factor contributing to the glass ceiling? a.Women who demonstrate qualities linked to leadership usually combine these traits with an autocratic style of leading associated with poor performance ratings. b.Women who are in line for top positions are judged more leniently than their male counterparts. c.Stereotyped doubts about women's career commitment lead supervisors to exclude them from formal management training programs. d.Women and ethnic minorities have substantial access to mentors, role models, and informal networks that serve as training routes.

c

Which statement about midlife sibling ties is true? a.Middle-aged adults express greater dislike for siblings whom they perceive their mother favored. b.Most sibling relationships deteriorate in midlife due to poor communication. c.Most adult siblings communicate at least monthly. d.Contact and support between siblings increase from early to middle adulthood, then decline into late adulthood.

c

________ may be an especially strong motivator of action in midlife, as adults attach increased meaning to time. a.Environmental mastery b.Autonomy c.Possible selves d.The social clock

c

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? Choose one answer. a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.

c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

Symptoms of what Axis I diagnosis are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder? Choose one answer. a. Attention-deficit disorder b. Attachment disorder c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder d. depression.

c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

Marks: 1 John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest? Choose one answer. a. Avoidant b. Dependent c. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder d. Narcissistic

c. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate? Choose one answer. a. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent. b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder. c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder. d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who Choose one answer. a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.

c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders Choose one answer. a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that Choose one answer. a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about others. b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder because they need others to love them. c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt. d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder to get attention.

c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.

Because they are regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders are Choose one answer. a. not listed in the DSM-IV. b. coded on Axis I. c. coded on Axis II. d. given what is called a "provisional" category.

c. coded on Axis II.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, when caused by a rape, Choose one answer. a. is now called acute stress syndrome. b. only occurs when the rapist is unknown to the victim. c. is often associated with severe sexual symptoms. d. is more severe when a woman knows her attacker.

c. is often associated with severe sexual symptoms.

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is Choose one answer. a. nearly 100 percent. b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.

c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.

The ________ enjoys inflicting pain, while the ________ desires pain and degradation. Choose one answer. a. masochist; sadist b. voyeur; sadist c. sadist; masochist d. sadist; voyeur

c. sadist; masochist

om tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is Choose one answer. a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

c. schizotypal personality disorder.

Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of Choose one answer. a. stimulants. b. antihistamines. c. sedatives. d. antidepressants.

c. sedatives.

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. overly sensitive to the feelings of others b. high tolerance for frustration c. strong need for praise and admiration d. over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles

c. strong need for praise and admiration

Studies of sex offenders Choose one answer. a. support the feminist view of rape. b. find that few rapists are violent. c. suggest that all rapists have both aggressive and sexual motives. d. find that rapists tend to have both Axis I and Axis II disorders.

c. suggest that all rapists have both aggressive and sexual motives.

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism Choose one answer. a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism Choose one answer. a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

he only treatment that has been shown to be effective in treating gender dysphoria is Choose one answer. a. long-term psychodynamic therapy. b. aversion therapy. c. surgical sex reassignment. d. medication to alter hormone production.

c. surgical sex reassignment.

Research about sexuality is Choose one answer. a. one of the earliest areas of research in psychology. b. limited because there are relatively few forms of abnormal sexual behavior. c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics. d. abundant, although it is plagued by methodological problems.

c. surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics.

Cognitive therapy for personality disorders focuses on Choose one answer. a. changing the client's understanding of his or her early childhood. b. the way other people respond when the client acts inappropriately. c. underlying dysfunctional schemas in the client's mind. d. the external sources of stress that cause psychological breakdown.

c. underlying dysfunctional schemas in the client's mind.

he decision by APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM Choose one answer. a. was later challenged and overturned. b. was based on research and science. c. was based on a vote by mental health professionals. d. was based on research about the lack of treatment.

c. was based on a vote by mental health professionals.

coffee

cafiene

Both alcohol and barbiturate withdrawal

can be minimized by administering another drug

binge drinking in college

can lead to alcohol-related health and life problems

Binge drinking in college

can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems

Alcoholic blackouts

can occur with just moderate drinking

___________genes are genes that are involved in processes that are believed to be aberrant in schizophrenia

candidate

Research suggests that using ________ during adolescence more than doubles a person's risk of developing schizophrenia at a later stage of life.

cannabis

Matthew was hospitalized after being found sitting in a fountain in a park for several hours with his arms extended outward. Since coming to the psychiatric unit, he remains seated in the same position for several hours at a time and is mute. Matthew's behavior is an example of

catatonia

Opium and its derivatives

cause withdrawal symptoms within approx. 8 hours of the last dose

The human nervous system has two main parts:

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has found that people suffering from dyslexia may have reduced physiological activation in the _________

cerebellum

Negative symptoms are ________

characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors.

Which of the following is the most common form of child abuse in the Unites States, accounting for about 78% of all such cases>

child neglect

In the first version of the DSM, there were only two diagnoses included in the section on childhood disorders: __________ and adjustment reaction of childhood

childhood schizophrenia

Each of the following can be characterized as a modern psychoanalytic idea except for ________

childhood stages of psychosexual development

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because

children engage in traumatic play

Walker and colleagues viewed family home movies made during the childhoods of 32 people who eventually developed schizophrenia. Facial, emotional, and motor movements were rated by the viewers. The results revealed that

children who later developed schizophrenia showed more motor abnormalities, including unusual hand movements, compared to their healthy siblings

A danish adoptions study compared at-risk adopted children who had biological mothers with schizophrenia to a control group of adoptees whose biological mothers did not have schizophrenia. When the environmental factor of communication deviance was assessed and compared with the two groups, it was noted that

children who were at genetic risk and who lived in adoptive families with high communication deviance showed higher levels of thought disorder when compared to control children

crack cocaine users

chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and disinterest in sex

"Crack" is a form of

cocaine

Crack" is a form of

cocaine

How does cocaine affect the brain?

cocaine blocks the presynaptic dopamine transporter, thus increasing the availability of dopamine in the synapse and increasing the activation of the receiving cells.

"Crack" is a form of ________

cocaine.

Jason has hoarding disorder and believes that his possessions are "necessary for survival." This reflects which perspective on disorders?

cognitive

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking

cognitive

the reciprocal influence model is best described as a ____ explanation for teen drinking

cognitive

Which of the following forms of psychological treatment has demonstrated effectiveness for the treatment of cocaine abusers?

cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management

What kind of therapy emphasizes the use of positive reinforcement and exposure procedures for the effective treatment of anxiety symptoms in young children?

cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

The "skills training procedure," usually aimed at younger problem drinkers, is comprised of

cognitive-behavioral strategies of intervention with social-learning theory

Dr. Smith develops the Smith Depression Inventory and gives it to hundreds of patients with depression. He also gives those patients the widely used Beck Depression Inventory. He finds that the average scores on the two questionnaires are highly correlated. Dr. Smith has demonstrated that the Smith Depression Inventory has

concurrent validity

The Mowrer bell-and-pad method used to treat enuresis is based on which psychological concept?

conditioning

Compared with Freud, contemporary psychoanalytic theorists place less emphasis on psychosexual development and more importance on

conscious motivation

A new measure of snake phobia seems to measure spider phobia much better than snake phobia. This measure may have a problem with ______

construct validity

The most common type of research in psychology is

controlled group design

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship

problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during ________

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.

Which of the following is not a primary goal of clinical assessment?

cure the patient

The overall organization of cells in the brain is referred to as the brain's

cytoarchitecture

A grandparent's ________ is the strongest predictor of frequent, face-to-face interaction with young grandchildren and a major contributor to feelings of closeness with older grandchildren. a.socioeconomic status b.age c.ethnicity d.residential proximity

d

Cross-cultural findings reveal similar changes in the "big five" personality traits across adulthood, leading some researchers to conclude that adult personality change is ________. a.easily manipulated by the individual b.the combined result of environment and heredity c.controlled by external forces d.genetically influenced

d

Ivan feels guilty about his lack of involvement in his children's lives when they were young, so he decided to volunteer for a local after-school program for children of working parents. Ivan is reconciling the ________ task. a.masculinity-femininity b.young-old c.engagement-separateness d.destruction-creation

d

Longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence reveals that ________ increases from adolescence through middle age. a.neuroticism b.extroversion c.openness to experience d.agreeableness

d

Which of the following middle-aged adults is most likely to be generative? a.Cathy, a business executive without children b.Paul, a retail store manager who is divorced and rarely sees his teenage daughter. c.Karl, a construction worker without children d.Veronica, a doctor who is married and has three children.

d

Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective? Choose one answer. a. Inpatient treatment b. Outpatient treatment c. Twelve-step programs d. All were about equa

d. All were about equa

Marks: 1 Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________. Choose one answer. a. methadone; Naltrexone b. Naltrexone; methadone c. methadone; Antabuse d. Antabuse; Naltrexone

d. Antabuse; Naltrexone

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? Choose one answer. a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders suffers from subjectivity. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Julia has a shoe fetish - she is not able to enjoy sex unless her partner is wearing her shoes. She needs to be touching the shoes in order to achieve sexual gratification. She becomes aroused by the sight of her own shoes. What is unique about Julia's case of shoe fetishism? Choose one answer. a. Most fetishes involve animate objects. b. Sexual dysfunction usually is seen in the fetishist. c. Partners are usually not involved. d. Female fetishists are rare.

d. Female fetishists are rare.

Why is ritualized homosexuality practiced in Sambia? Choose one answer. a. Women are viewed as dirty. b. Heterosexual intercourse is only acceptable between married partners. c. Few adults are exclusively heterosexual. d. It permits semen conservation.

d. It permits semen conservation.

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? Choose one answer. a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

Marks: 1 Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? Choose one answer. a. Panic disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Major depressive disorder

d. Major depressive disorder

Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate? Choose one answer. a. Many people who think they have a problem don't. b. Twelve-step programs have become the treatment of choice. c. Treatment is often not available when it is sought. d. Many people do not seek help.

d. Many people do not seek help.

What is a paraphilia? Choose one answer. a. An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual. b. An impairment in either the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it. c. A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation. d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.

d. Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other Axis I disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her Axis I status? Choose one answer. a. Treating another Axis I disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well. b. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder. c. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder. d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

According to the DSM-IV-TR, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? Choose one answer. a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience clinically significant distress. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment? Choose one answer. a. They are suspicious that therapists will steal their ideas. b. They afraid they will become dependent on the therapist. c. They are hypersensitive to criticism. d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has Choose one answer. a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.

d. a personality disorder.

Most boys with gender identity disorder Choose one answer. a. become transvestites in adulthood. b. become transsexual adults. c. are readily accepted by their peers. d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.

d. become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.

Marks: 1 What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? Choose one answer. a. The border between Axis I and Axis II disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

d. behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. Choose one answer. a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline

d. borderline

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize Choose one answer. a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder.

d. borderline personality disorder.

Cross-gender identification is characteristic of Choose one answer. a. transvestic fetishism. b. exhibitionism. c. frotteurism. d. gender identity disorder.

d. gender identity disorder.

Sexual dysfunctions Choose one answer. a. are only diagnosed when the cause is psychological maladjustment. b. only occur in heterosexual couples. c. rarely affect the enjoyment of sex for the two parties in the relationship. d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.

d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.

Dyspareunia Choose one answer. a. is a disorder of inhibited sexual desire. b. is a disorder that involves involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vagina, preventing intercourse. c. is a disorder of inability to achieve orgasm. d. is a disorder involving genital pain associated with intercourse.

d. is a disorder involving genital pain associated with intercourse.

Which of the following disorders is associated with engaging in autoerotic asphyxia? Choose one answer. a. transvestic fetishism b. scatologia c. frotteurism d. masochism

d. masochism

Money and others have suggested that men are more vulnerable to paraphilias because Choose one answer. a. men are more easily aroused than women. b. developing an attachment to an inanimate object is just a reflection of the male tendency to objectify women. c. lasting maternal conflicts leave men unable to develop healthy sexual relationships with women. d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.

d. sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.

Serial killers tend to be Choose one answer. a. pedophiles. b. masochists. c. voyeurs. d. sexual sadists.

d. sexual sadists.

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms Choose one answer. a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

he occurrence of withdrawal symptoms Choose one answer. a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________. Choose one answer. a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory c. depressive; excitatory d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Gary finds himself sexually aroused by dressing in women's clothing. He sometimes steals the clothes from women and from stores. He has a wife and is happy in his marriage. Gary's most likely diagnosis is Choose one answer. a. fetishism. b. gender identity disorder. c. exhibitionism. d. transvestic fetishism.

d. transvestic fetishism.

Antiandrogen medications are used to treat some forms of paraphilic disorder. Their mechanism of action is to

decrease the sexual drive by reducing testosterone levels

Marta is 21 years of age, and has recently started demonstrating the functional deficits that are commonly associated with intellectual disability. She is having significant problems in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, and planning. Which of the following would be the most appropriate diagnosis?

dementia

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is ________

dependent personality disorder.

A client goes to see a therapist with the following complaints: She feels detachment from her body and is experiencing herself as strange or unreal. In some situations she feels as if she were watching herself. The therapist says she is experiencing

depersonalization

In behavioral activation treatment for depression, the therapist and patient

develop a comprehensive list of specific goals and activities in major life areas

The field of _________ psychopathology focuses on determining what is abnormal at any point in the lifespan by comparing and contrasting it with the normal and expected changes that occure

developmental

One of the reasons it can be very difficult to detect malingering in psychological disorders is

diagnosis usually depends on self-report

When a clinician finds that several members of a patient's family have similar symptoms, he or she may suspect that the patient has a predisposition to illness known as a

diathesis

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths ________

did not show normal fear-potentiated startle responses.

Attempts to determine which of several possible diagnoses most clearly describes a patient's symptoms are called ________

differential diagnoses

depressive disorders

disorders involving persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness or irritability often accompanied by changes in sleep, appetite, and mental processes.

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought—in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is ________

disorganized speech.

All of the following have been suggested as related to DID except for ____?

disorientation

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alchol. She was diagnosed with alchol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations c. Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation) d. Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure Difficulty: 1

disorientation for time and place with vivid hallucinations

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia ________

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms.

Bipolar disorder is comorbid with each of the following except _____

dissociative amnesia

A man who owns a hardware store in a New England town mysteriously disappears. Years later, the man is discovered in California. His name is changed, he has remarried, and he now has a different occupation. He claims that he has no memory of his past life. The man may be suffering from

dissociative fugue

the tension-reduction model of alcoholism

does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not

Glove anesthesia is considered a classic conversion disorder. This is because glove anesthesia

does not follow known neurological patterns

The most well studied neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia is ________.

dopamine

The common factor noted in all of the medications used to treat schizophrenia is their ability to block ________ receptors in the brain.

dopamine D2

It is suggested that a __________ in the brain plays a primary role in the 'wanting' or anticipation of reward; however, __________ seems to play a primary role in the 'liking' or consumption of rewarding stimuli

dopaminergic pathway; opioid system

People with persistent depressive disorder may also have major depressive episodes, a condition known as

double depression

Which problem, recently identified in the white matter of people with schizophrenia, explains a lot of the clinical features of the disorder?

dysconnectivity

Which specific learning disorder is marked by problems in word recognition and reading comprehension, deficits in spelling and memory, or unusually slow reading skills that involve omission, addition, or distortion of words?

dyslexia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a hormonal condition in which too much of the hormone androgen is produced during the prenatal period and the first few years of life. This condition causes

early and exaggerated male sex characteristics in both sexes

When a child is exposed to a disaster or trauma, ______________ has the double goal of reducing the stressors in that child's life and strengthening her coping mechanisms

early intervention

___________ is considered both a hallucinogen and a stimulant

ectasy

In the Middle Ages, groups of people believed that demons possessed them. Such episodes of mass hysteria are now explained by the concept of

emotional contagion

__________ is an opium-like substance that is produced in the brain and pituitary gland

endorphin

The multidisciplinary team's critical first step in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is

ensuring renutrition

When compared to heroin, methadone is

equally addictive in a physiological sense but produces less psychological impariment

The sexual dysfunction most often responsive to pharmacologic treatment is

erectile dysfunction

Although Shelby has never met Donald Trump, she firmly believes he is in love with her because of the way he looks at her when he appears on the television. Her efforts to contact him have never been successful, which Shelby attributes to his need to keep their love secret "for now." Shelby has covered the walls of her bedroom with Trump photographs and posts long essays about their mutual love on her blog and social media accounts. Shelby works full-time, lives alone in an apartment, and exhibits no unusual behavior apart from her "secret affair" with the Donald. Shelby's behavior is consistent with the DSM-5 diagnosis of

erotomaia

Many experts are concerned that the rise in the diagnosis of child bipolar disorder may be due to

erroneous application of the bipolar diagnosis to a wide range of behavior problems such as ADHD

Delusions are ________

erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence.

Patients in a catatonic stupor ________

exhibit a virtual absence of all movement.

Compared to children not diagnosed with ADHD, children with ADHD

exhibit slower brain maturation that runs approximately 3 years behind age peers

the reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that

expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that

expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.

Descriptive norm

expectations regarding how people actually behave

Injunctive norm

expectations regarding the behavior society approves of

The reciprocal-influence model suggests that adolescents begin drinking as a result of

expectations that using alcohol will increase their popularity and acceptance by their peers.

The reciprocal-influence model suggests that adolescents begin drinking as a result of ________

expectations that using alcohol will increase their popularity and acceptance by their peers.

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?

expected

men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics

experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men

Dr. Smith is hoping that his patient with OCD will experience reduced anxiety and less frequent obsessions when he is asked to face situations that provoke obsessions and make him anxious. The term referring to this treatment process is __________

exposure

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is

exposure

what complicates the use of antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

exposure to all alcohol must be avoided

Major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern is often treated by means of

exposure to bright light

Brown developed a construct called__________, which measures family environment based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a researcher.

expressed emotion

Research on an exciting new treatment that takes place with carefully selected patients at a world-renowned laboratory is less likely to have

external validity

A patient is referred to a neurologist for isolated memory loss; the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia is made. The most likely etiology in this patient is

extreme emotional trauma

Neuroscientists who want to see brain activity in people with a snake phobia would use which of the following imaging tests?

fMRI

An 18-month-old infant in the pediatric ICU has been experiencing episodes of difficulty breathing and rapid heart rate with no apparent cause. All tests are negative. These symptoms occur only when the mother is with the child. The most likely cause of the infant's symptoms is

factitious disorder imposed on another

A criticism of early group-based research in abnormal psychology is that it

failed to include diverse samples

The argument that one of the most frequent reasons people abuse children is that they were abused when they were young

fails to consider that the vast majority of abused children do not become pedophiles

When the situation involving a child's psychological concerns involves family violence, ________ becomes a particularly important part of the treatment plan.

family therapy

Which family member has been found difficult to engage in family therapy by many clinicians?

father

Elaine's mother drank frequently during her pregnancy. At birth, Elaine's appearance was striking as she was noted to have a low nasal bridge, ear abnormalities, and a thin upper lip. What would Elaine most likely be diagnosed as having?

fetal alcohol syndrom

an involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ______; the drug is called _____.

flashback;LSD

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder ________

focuses more on criminality.

The most common pedophilic acts are

fondling and genital exposure

cultural syndromes

forms of abnormal behavior only observed in certain cultures.

The part of the brain that most differentiates humans from animals might be the ________

frontal lobe

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing

generalized anxiety disorder

Twins studies show that between 43 and 56 percent of the variance in the dimensions of psychopathy can be attributed to ________

genetic factors.

Schizophrenia is best described as a ________

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder.

This chapter stresses the point that schizophrenia is a _______disorder

genetically influenced, but not a genetically determined

Dr. Mickens is conducting a study in which the entire genetic code of two groups - one schizophrenia and the one with schizophrenia and one without the disorder - is investigated. What kind of study is this?

genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Alchol's effects on ____ explain its ability to impair judgement

glutamate

Alcohol's effects on ________ explain its ability to impair judgment

glutamate

A new measure of depression has a negative correlation with a new measure of happiness. It is likely that the new measure of depression has ______

good criterion validity

John took an assessment of depression and got a high score. Later on that month he checked into a hospital for suicidal thoughts. The assessment he took likely has _________

good predictive validity

Understanding behavior within a specific context is known as _________.

goodness of fit

Leann is going through puberty before most of her middle school classmates. She may be at

greater risk for developing an eating disorder

James has two alcoholic parents. research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is

greater than if he had one alcoholic parent

Abraham and Wolf (1988) compared subject who had used LSD 2 years earlier with a matched group of control subjects. Compared to the controls, the subjects with the history of LSD use

had reduced visual sensitivity to light during dark adaptation and showed other visual problems.

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is most commonly thought of as a condition that only occurs in childhood and adolescence, studies done in the United States and abroad suggested that about _________ of children with ADHD will continue to meet criteria in adulthood

half

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who ________

has the disorder of interest.

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd

has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd ________

has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.

Susan is always going to her doctor asking to be examined for cancer or heart disease even though she doesn't have any symptoms. Her physician says she has illness anxiety disorder. People with this disorder

have a dysfunctional mind-set that leads them to worry excessively about their health

If morphine is treated with the chemical acetic anhydride, it can be converted into another powerful analgesic called

heroin

In India, a third gender known as _____exists.

hijra

Our knowledge of early theories of abnormal behavior is limited because

historical evidence is scanty

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of ________

histrionic personality disorder.

Dipak suffers from a condition where he has an unusual accumulation of CSF within his cranium. This has led to damage to brain tissue and enlargement of the skill. As a result of these factors, Dipak has many of the symptoms of severe intellectual impairment. What is the proper diagnosis for Dipak's case

hydrocephaly

In animal studies, surgical lesions in the brain indicate that the neuroanatomical center for appetite and weight control is the

hypothalamus

Part of the brain that is critical in weight control is the ______

hypothalamus

Problems with blood pressure and body temperature may indicate problems with the _______

hypothalamus

Twin studies have been of particular importance in the study of abnormal behavior because they have

identified genetic versus environmental contributions to psychological disorders

Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______

imaginal exposure

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk

impulsive

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk.

impulsive

persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ____ than those at low risk

impulsive

One trait that may underlie bipolar disorder and substance abuse is _____

impulsivity

personal distress

in the context of defining abnormality, psychologists will consider whether a behavior is causing a person emotional or physical distress and interfering with his or her ability to function.

A survey found that in a certain population, 30 percent reported a new diagnosis of clinical depression over a period of six months. This estimate is referring to the _____ of the disorder.

incidence

Pioneer behaviorist Joseph Wolpe discovered that a stimulus will not elicit fear or anxiety if

incompatible behavior occurs at the same time

Compared with unstructured interviews, structured interviews have several advantages including

increased reliability

The number of pathological gamblers in the United States has been

increasing

DSM-5 encourages clinicians to do all of the following except:

indicate likely biological bases for the disorder

which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective

inpatient, outpatient, and 12-step were all about equal

Biological scarring, or the process whereby years of living with a disorder causes changes in the brain, demonstrates the

interaction among biopsychosocial factors

Operant learning principles may explain why pathological gamblers, who may have experienced positive reinforcement with early wins, will continue to gamble in the face of loss. The gambling persistence may be sustained due to the influence of an _______ schedule reinforcement.

intermittent

A study that only examines older men may have good ______validity but poor _____ validity.

internal; external

After an interview, a psychiatrist rates Jim's depression as severe. The next day a clinical psychologist also conducts an interview and rates Jim's depression as severe. The two clinicians are demonstrating

interrater agreement

Aversive conditioning for alcoholics

involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock

aversive conditioning for alcoholics

involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock

specific phobia

irrational and anxiety-producing fears of objects or situations.

Depressed mood is a major symptom used to diagnose depression in adults. When diagnosing childhood depression with the DSM-5, the major symptom of ____________ may be substituted for depressed mood.

irritablility

Cirrhosis of the liver

is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

Disorganized schizophrenia ________

is characterized by disorganized speech.

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia ________

is designed to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital.

An alcohol-risk personality has been described as an individual who has an inherited predisposition toward alcohol abuse, and who

is impulsive, prefers taking high risks, and is emotionally unstable

controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation

is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention

barbiturate withdrawal

is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs and can be minimized by administering another drug

Compared to opiate withdrawal, barbiturate withdrawal

is more dangerous, severe, and long-lasting

The term juvenile delinquency

is the legal term used to refer to violations of the law committed by minors

The great advantage of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is that it

is the only measure that directly assesses electrical activity in the brain

The presence of psychopathy ________

is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder

is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

Anorexia nervosa is considered a very serious psychological problem primarily because

it has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder

what is the role of mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?

it is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack?

it lasts over an hour

the reciprocal influence model suggests that

it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking

Which statement about project MATCH is accurate

it showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference

Moral treatment, the eighteenth-century innovation of Philippe Pinel and William Tuke, was characterized by

kind treatment of patients and work to occupy their minds

A patient with somatic symptom disorder would NOT have which of the following?

la belle indifference

which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance abuse

lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in ________

late adolescence or early adulthood.

Vicarious conditioning is different from other types of conditioning in that it involves

learning without actually doing a behavior

A survey found that in a certain population, 90 people reported a new diagnosis of clinical depression over their lifetimes. This estimate is referring to the _____ of the disorder.

lifetime prevalence

alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to

low thiamine levels

rates of alcoholism among asian populations are ____ than among european peoples. this may be related to

lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

The most common psychiatric disorder in the United States is ________

major depressive disorder

The deficits of alcohol amnestic disorder are the result of ________, more specifically, a(n)___________ deficiency.

malnutrition, thiamine

why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate?

many people do not seek help

The meaningfulness of experimental results can be evaluated in several ways. The statistical significance of the results indicates the

mathematical probability that the findings occurred by chance

passing out from high BAC

may actually be a safety device

Most of the evidence suggests that schizophrenia runs in families. This means that schizophrenia ________

may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

A person experiencing hypomanic episodes might not consider them problematic because they

may be times of high productivity or creativity

It has been suggested that the antidepressant drug imipramine, often used to treat enuresis, may be effective because it

may lessen the deepest stages of sleep to light sleep, enabling the child to recognize bodily needs

malnutriton

may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations ________

may reflect a cognitive error.

Implicit association test (IAT)

measures the speed of people's positive/negative associations to the target group ---Some scientists say this only measures cultural stereotypes

the central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is

memory defect for recent events

A short-range effect associated with marijuana use is

memory dysfunction and a slowing of information processing

The prevalence of bulimia nervosa in men may be underestimated because

men tend to use other compensatory behaviors besides purging, such as exercise

John had a terrific job interview, but thought it was a disaster because all he could focus on was the small stain he had on his tie. This is an example of _______

mental filtering

Research by Heston in 1966 suggested that a diagnosis of schizophrenia in one's mother was associated with an increased probability of being diagnosed with several other conditions, including_______

mental retardation, neurosis, and psychopathy

__________ is a hallucinogen that is derived from the small, disc-like growths at the top of the peyote cactus

mescaline

The ________ is central to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and in mediating the rewarding properties of drugs.

mesocorticolimbic pathway

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as "poor people's cocaine"?

methamphetamine

Ecstasy is chemically similar to

methamphetamine and mescaline

A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,2013) reported that the rate of autism among children is about 1 in 50, reflecting an increase in the number of children with autism. This reported increase in diagnosis is most likely due to

methodological differences between studies and changes in diagnostic practice and public and professional awareness

The individuals who are most likely to develop barbiturate dependency are

middle-aged and older adults

which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates

middle-aged and older persons who cannot get sleep without them

The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is Choose one answer. a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.

mistrustful

The five-factor model is a ________

model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.

Neuroimaging studies of individuals with bipolar and depressive disorders have shown that

mood disorders involve a number of brain abnormalities

When a treatment cannot be reversed, or if it would be unethical to withdraw a treatment, the single-case design strategy that should be used is called a(n)

multiple baseline design

The alcohol flush response is caused by a

mutant enzyme that fails to break down alcohol molecules in the lover during the metabolic process

Gabie

my dog

Drugs such as ________ have been used as part of psychological therapy in treating cocaine dependence as these drugs reduce cravings and increase the likelihood of treatment compliance

naltrexone and methadone

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from ________

narcissistic personality disorder.

today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for the treatment of

narcolepsy

The brain has about 100 billion ______

neurons

_______ may have an anti-anxiety property; its use has been noted to be highly prevalent among those with anxiety disorders

nicotine

Comparing a person's score on a psychological test to the average scores obtained on that test from a large representative sample of people is a

normative comparison

Masters and Johnson's studies of human sexuality differed from those of other researchers because they

observed and recorded the physical responses of their subjects while they engaged in sexual activity

De novo genetic mutations

occur in the egg or sperm and are passed on to every cell in the child's body, despite not appearing in the parents' bodies

in contrast to some other treatment programs, AA

offers both group and one on one support

In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous

offers both group and one-on-one support.

The Alcoholics Anonymous model believes that ______, and thus one___________.

one is never cured of alcoholism; is always considered to be in recovery

Behaviorist B. F. Skinner demonstrated that behavior could be changed by events that happened afterward, a phenomenon known as

operant conditioning

The physical effects of anorexia nervosa after recovery may include

osteoporosis

Dr. Smith gives his patient a test to assess how well his therapy is working at several stages of treatment. This process refers to which of the following?

outcome evaluation

Fred has OCD, so the excitatory pathway of his brain may be ______?

overactive

into treatment?

overcoming denial

According to an early family model, patients who seek treatment for anorexia nervosa are members of families who are experiencing enmeshment. This means that the family is

overinvolved in the affairs of the patient

Excessive doses of barbiturate can be lethal because barbiturates

paralyze the brain's respiratory centers

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.

paranoid

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. Choose one answer. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

paranoid

Amphetamine psychosis resembles

paranoid schizophrenia

amphetamine psychosis resembles

paranoid schizophrenia

who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers

people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems

The cognitive model is based on the idea that our

perceptions and interpretations of events are more important than the events themselves

Which of the following is a form of individual treatment currently in use that is effective in enhancing the social adjustment and social role performance for discharged patients diagnosed with schizophrenia?

personal therapy

antisocial personality disorder

personality disorder characterized by a lack of conscience, disregard for the rights of others, and callous, impulsive, and reckless behavior.

Jenna's son inherited a genetic disorder where the child's liver is unable to process a particular amino acid. He has been placed on a restricted diet and Jenna has been advised not the feed him turkey or diet soda. Without adherence to the diet, Jenna's son could develop intellectual disability. He was probably diagnosed with

phenylketonuria

unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves ________

physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.

The three elements of anxiety and fear are

physiology, cognition, and behavior

According to contemporary theories, which of the following is not considered one of the four phases of the sexual response cycle?

plateau

The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was

pleasure

The main reason addicts gave for beginning to use heroin was ________

pleasure.

The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was

pleasure.

The device that measures physical changes in the penis when a man is shown sexually arousing or nonarousing stimuli is called the penile

plethysmograph

A survey found that 30 people reported a new diagnosis of clinical depression in the year 1936. This estimate is referring to the _____ of the disorder.

point prevalence

Attitudes are often a _____ predictor of behavior

poor

Mr. Smith is checking the locks on his door for much longer than usual. This behavior is _____ to diagnose him with a mental illness.

possibly important but not sufficient

Roger feels ashamed of something he did at work, but when he comes home he asks his wife why she looks so ashamed herself. This is an example of _________

projection

The Rorschach Inkblot is an example of what kind of personality test?

projective

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called

re-experiencing

Which of the following is not an index score of the WAIS-IV?

recall

In relapse prevention treatment, participants are taught to

recognize the apparently irrelevant decisions that serve as early warning signals of the possibility of relapse

One technique used in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression asks patients to

record their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

The drug naltrexone is used to treat alcohol use by

reducing the craving for alcohol by blocking its pleasure-producing effects

Anorexia nervosa patients show an overall ____in gray matter volume, and bulimia nervosa patients display a(n) _____ in gray matter volume.

reduction; increase

A person experiencing a delusion of _____ might believe that the billboard that she saw while driving down the highway was speaking directly to her instead of simply advertising a product.

reference

what type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking

relapse prevention treatment

Interrater agreement is a measure of ________

reliability

The two subtypes of anorexia nervosa are

restricting and binge eating/purging

The "alcohol flush reaction"

results from an inability to metabolize alcohol

the alcohol flush reaction

results in the inability to metabolize alcohol

Researchers not that some people have difficulty experiencing pleasure from naturally occurring rewards that, to most people, are satisfying. Consequently, these individuals are compelled to seek out additional sources of pleasure through activities such as drug use. The hypothesis is called the

reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis

Treatments for paraphilic disorders that eliminate or decrease inappropriate sexual arousal include

satiation, covert sensitization, and olfactory aversion

There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder.

schizoaffective disorder

Which disorder would provide the greatest challenge in distinguishing between a mood disorder and a disorder marked by psychotic symptoms?

schizoaffective disorder

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya lasted only eight weeks before she recovered. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be _________

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya

A person who exhibits schizophrenia-like psychoses that last at least a month but less than 6 months would most likely be diagnosed with

schizophreniform disorder

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is ________

schizotypal personality disorder.

Eli is 6 years old and his parents are thrilled that he is fully potty trained. After his new sister is born and comes home from the hospital, he notices that she receives a lot of attention and he feels ignored. Soon he begins wetting his pants again and his parents put him back in pull-up diapers. If this problem persists, Eli might be diagnosed with _______functional enuresis.

secondary

Luca has been experiencing high levels of stress because of increased layoffs at work. He and his partner Bernard have had a satisfying sexual relationship until recently. Now Luca typically experiences an ejaculation within a minute of initiating sex. He is likely to be suffering from

secondary premature ejaculation

Barbiturates are classified as

sedatives

Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of

sedatives

Barbiturates are classified as ________

sedatives.

Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation -

seems to work for some people with less severe alcoholism

Patients with factitious disorders have which of the following characteristics?

self-administered injuries

Sally suffers from an eating disorder. The psychologist asked her to keep a diary and record what she eats, when she eats something, where she is when she eats, and what she is feeling right before, during, and after she eats. This is called

self-monitoring

The hallmark feature of a binge is the

sense of lack of control

A new assessment of anxiety is really good at identifying if someone has anxiety, but very poor at concluding if someone does not have anxiety. This assessment can be described as having good ____ and poor ____

sensitivity; specificity

Hallucinations are__________

sensory experiences with no basis in reality

In the area of auditory processing, people with schizophrenia show deficits in a process called_________. This may interfere with their ability to habituate to similar stimuli that are presented in rapid succession.

sensory gating

India has a real problem. She is only 5 years old, and she simply cannot tolerate being parted from her father. Ever since her mother died last year, she clings to her father's side, and cannot even be one room away from him. This causes significant problems, particularly when he has to leave her at the day care center every morning when he goes to work. He often gets calls that he has to leave work and come get her after just and hour or two. India may be suffering from

separation anxiety disorder

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

Compared with death by suicide, suicide attempts are

slightly more likely in males than in females

People with schizophrenia often have trouble with a visual task involving tracking the movement of a pendulum. This skill is calle

smooth-pursuit eye movement

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have

social anxiety disorder

stigma

social disapproval or negative beliefs about people who don't conform to societal expectations or norms, including those with physical or mental disabilities.

Stressful life events seem to lead to depression in some people but not in others. A likely reason is that

some people have more genetic sensitivity to life stress

A moderating variable is

something that influences the connection between two other variables

a moderating variable is

something that influences the connection between two other variables

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?

specific phobia

When Eugen Bleuler used the word schizophrenia to describe a "splitting" he observed in patients, he used the term to represent a

splitting of the intellect from emotion and external reality

A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is

strangers

which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?

strong need for praise and admiration

A patient with bulimia nervosa who sometimes eats a typical or even small amounts of food but still feels that the eating is out of control is experiencing

subjective binge eating

Research has shown that pathological gambling often co-occurs with other disorders. Which of the following co-occurring disorders is associated with the most severe forms of pathological gambling?

substance-abuse disorders

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism ________

suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

studies of the genetics of alcoholism

suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol use

The autonomic nervous system includes the

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on ________

symptom or feature similarities.

Each of the following are components of the basal ganglia except for the ________

synapse

Which substance binds with CB1 receptors in the nervous system and can produce marijuana-like intoxication

synthetic cannabinoids

A group of substances that mimic the effects of amphetamines and cocaine by activating the body's monoamine system are known as

synthetic cathinones

"Spice", "K2" and "Blaze" are all names for:

synthetic marijuanna

Which of the following terms, which refers to marked involuntary movement of the lips, tongue, hands, and neck, is a side effect that sometimes accompanies the use of antipsychotic medications?

tardive dyskinesia

Although the DSM-II contained a more comprehensive range of diagnoses than its predecessor, the DSM-I, concerns about the system focused on the fact that

the DSM system that was developed for adults was used to diagnose childhood problems, even though there were often no adult counterparts to many of the childhood disorders

Research on humans must be approved by ______

the IRB

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. you suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. why is it important for you to evaluate her status?

the co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome

The World Health Organization defines heavy episodic drinking as

the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion at least once per month

Cognitive Dissonance

the discomfort that people feel when two cognitions (beliefs, attitudes) conflict, or when they behave in ways that are inconsistent with their conception of themselves

an example of a moderating influence would be

the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol

A change in the DSM-5 criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has resulted in expanding the population of patients who can receive this diagnosis to now include adults, which may lead to a much greater use of stimulants by adults. Concern has been expressed that

the expansion could lead to widespread misuse of stimulant drugs for performance enhancement and recreation use, adding to the already extensive problem of stimulant abuse

Some experts argue that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is an iatrogenic disease, which means that it is caused by

the experience of therapy itself

Affective forecasting

the extent to which people can predict the intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events ---People are really bad at this

agoraphobia

the fear or anxiety of places and situations from which escape would be difficult, such as vehicles, open spaces, or crowded areas.

Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia, ________

the first signs are usually seen in the way children move.

In young adulthood, females have lower rates schizophrenia than males. The lower rate may be a result of ______ providing a protective factor.

the hormone estrogen

which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging

the likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture

DSM-5

the official manual for diagnosing mental disorders in the United States.

With aversive conditioning therapy,

the patient experiences the presentation of a wide range of noxious stimuli paired with alcohol consumption in order to suppress drinking behavior

which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate

the personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder

comorbidity

the presence of one or more psychological disorders in addition to a primary psychological disorder.

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future

the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future

the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.

Internal justification

the reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

the symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance

Justification of effort

the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain ---Hazing / army

abstinence violation effect

the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression

Selection of assessment tools is largely determined by the patient's symptoms, age, and medical status. One other factor may be the

therapist's theoretical perspective

concerning the causes of alcoholism,

there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence

one limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that

there have not been enough studies on the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics)

the incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because

these religions prohibit alcohol consumption

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that ________

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions

Second-generation antidepressants are often preferred over first-generation drugs because

they have fewer troublesome side effects

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ____; at higher levels, alcohol's effect os _____.

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________.

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Tina has been using cocaine for many months. She decides to stop. She can expect

to have depression, fatigue, distrubed sleep, and increased dreaming

why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment for alcoholism

to minimize cravings

Martin began drinking alcohol during college. He drinks daily. Initially, he drank a couple beers each evening. When asked why he drinks so much, Martin replied, "It takes at least a six-pack to feel anything." Martin's increased need for alcohol to achieve the same effects is an example of

tolerance

henry used to become intoxicated after 6 drinks. now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. this is an example of

tolerance

Tolerance for barbiturates follows a different pattern than operate tolerance in that

tolerance for barbiturates does not increase the amount of drug needed to cause death

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of ________

tolerance.

Hippocrates would likely use which of the following to explain an illness?

too much yellow bile, bodily humors, and wandering uterus

Some detoxification clinics are concerned about the use of tranquilizers during the alcohol detoxification phase of treatment because

tranquilizers do not promote long-term recovery and may simply transfer the addiction to another substance

A patient who is successfully recovering from gall bladder surgery and is reluctant to engage in any physical activities even when approved by a physician may be suffering from

transient hypochondriasis

Researchers find that a chemical in a recently discovered rainforest plant significantly reduces appetite in laboratory mice. Other researchers then make the chemical into a drug and test it to see whether it helps obese people lose weight. This type of research is called

translational

The scientist-practitioner approach is important in the treatment of patients because patients are

treated by clinicians who use empirical research to guide the treatment process

the first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

alcohol withdrawal delirium

typically lasts 3 to 6 days

Alcohol withdrawal delirium

typically lasts from three to six days

While the symptoms of brief psychotic disorder may last for _____, the symptoms of a schizophreniform disorder can persist for ________.

up to one month; between 1 and 6 months

In an examination of which environmental factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia, researchers in Denmark found that children who spent the first 15 years of their lives living in _________ environments were 2.75 times as likely to develop the condition as children who were raised in________ settings.

urban; rural

the use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to

using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation

statistical rarity

using the frequency of a behavior to determine whether it would be considered abnormal.

Opium and heroin

were originally used by physicians as pain relievers

Opium and heroin ________

were originally used by physicians as pain relievers

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are

what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."

your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reations to alcohol. they are

what used to be called delirium tremens and Korsakoff's psychosis

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of

why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking

bill is an alcoholic. his wife, marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. this is an example of

why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking

Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect

withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating.

First-generation antipsychotics ________

work by blocking dopamine receptors.

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive

worry

Using a cognitive perspective, which of the following statements typifies the type of maladaptive schema someone with dependent personality disorder might hold?

"I can function only if I have access to somebody competent."

Allen Frances, who served as chair of the task force that developed DSM-IV, has called the new DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder a

"Loosely defined and fatally flawed" diagnosis and recommended that clinicians not use it

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say

"Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem"

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say

"Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

A survey indicated that as TV watching increases, happiness levels decrease. This is best represented by which correlational coefficient?

-0.8

In evaluating the presence of mental health problems in children, one must consider that:

-children typically have more trouble dealing with stressful events than adults -for children, manageable problems often seem insurmountable - they do not yet have a complex or realistic view of themselves -all of the above

In the U.S. states, a person is considered legally intoxicated for driving when the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream reaches__________

0.08

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately _______ people in the United States are learning disabled.

1 in 59, or 4.6 million

What are the 3 types of prejudice?

1. Blatant prejudice / racism 2. Modern prejudice/racism: Outwardly not racist, but hold racist beliefs 3. Implicit prejudice/racism: Automatic biases without conscious awareness

Contact can reduce prejudice when

1. Both groups are of equal status 2. Both share a common goal 3. The contact involves intergroup cooperation 4. Their contact is supported by law or local custom

How to reduce cognitive dissonance

1. By changing our behavior to bring it in line with the dissonant cognition 2. By attempting to justify our behavior through changing one of the dissonant cognitions 3. By attempting to justify our behavior by adding new cognitions

The two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change

1. Centrally, when people are motivated and can pay attention to the argument (long lasting) 2. Peripherally, when people don't pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by surface characteristics (temporary) ---Easy to understand -> central ---Difficult to understand -> peripheral

What are the 3 components of prejudice?

1. Cognitive: beliefs or thoughts that make up the attitude 2. Affective: Type/strength of emotion towards the group 3. Behavioral: One's actions toward the group

4 factors to control happiness

1. Having satisfying relationships ** 2. Becoming engaged in something you love 3. Pursuing experience more than things 4. Helping others

What are the five steps to helping?

1. Noticing an event 2. Interpreting the event as an emergency 3. Assuming responsibility 4. Knowing how to help 5. Deciding to implement the help (reward/cost)

Main reasons for group polarization

1. Persuasive arguments: Be exposed to arguments you haven't thought of before 2. Social comparison: People check how everyone else feels and then argues in a way that will be well liked by the other members

What are the four factors that influence how attracted we are to someone else?

1. Physical attractiveness 2. Similarity 3. Reciprocity 4. Propinquity (Physical proximity)

What are the basic human motives?

1. The need to feel good about yourself 2. The need to be accurate 3. The need to belong

What percentage of persons living in the United States has a diagnosable personality disorder?

10-12%

When people are given free access to food, the amount eaten each day is around ____________ of what they actually need for their energy requirements...

150%

Illicit drug use is most common in what age group?

19 to 28 year olds

What demographic is most at risk for developing bulimia nervosa?

21-24 year-old women

According to the SAMHSA, how many Americans aged 12 years and older report using at least one illicit drug during the past years?

21.6 million

How many stages are there in non-REM sleep?

3

According to the Monitoring the Future Study, the annual prevalence rate of using any illicit drug is _______ for 12th graders

37 percent

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?

4

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) indicates that approximately _______ college students drink alcohol and ____ of students who drink engage in binge drinking

4 out of 5, half

Conversion disorders are found in approximately ________ percent of people referred for treatment at neurology clinics...

5%

A community survey of learning disordered adults by Khan, Cowan, and Roy found that _________ also had personality abnormalities

50%

The heritability of schizoid personality disorder has been found to be around _________________....

55%

For how long must the preoccupation with a real or imagined illness persist before a diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder can be made?

6 months

People who have had a hospital contact for a head injury have what percentage of an increase in their later risk for schizophrenia?

65

Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, have been noted with children as young as ___________ years of age...

7

Taylor is overweight and is currently involved in a lifestyle management program to reduce her weight. According to research, what sustained weight loss is typical for persons, such as Taylor, who are using a lifestyle management approach?

7 Pounds

About ________ of children diagnosed with autism exhibit echolalia, which is defined as ___________.

75%; the parrot-like repetition of a few spoken words

What percentage of the general population reports having experienced somatic (physical) symptoms in the past week?

80%

Jennifer has a bedtime routine that she has to follow in exactly the same order every night. Her family participates in this routine, and she gets upset if things happen in a different order. Jennifer is most likely which of the following?

A child

Prader-Willi Syndrome is caused by ________________________, which causes the levels of ________________________ in the body to be high....

A chromosomal abnormality; grehlin

Jigsaw classroom

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem of children by placing them in small, multiethnic groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class ---Encourages empathy

How is conversion disorder different from an epileptic seizure?

A conversion seizure does not resemble an epileptic seizure on an EEG

contains material equally familiar to people from diverse backgrounds

A culture-fair IQ test

A new patient reports some serious symptoms of depression and desperately needs therapy, but the symptoms are not sufficiently severe to result in a diagnosis. The psychologist will work with the patient, but this presentation of symptoms might best be an argument for which of the following?

A dimensional framework

For individuals with DID, alters are not in any meaningful sense personalities but rather reflect...

A failure to integrate various aspects of a person's identity, consciousness, and memory

Prejudice

A hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership to that group; It contains cognitive (stereotypes), emotional, and behavioral components

Groupthink

A kind of decision process in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner

The term anorexia nervosa, which literally means "lack of appetite induced by nervousness," is somewhat of a misnomer because _______________________

A lack of appetite is not the core issue for individuals with anorexia nervosa, and individuals with anorexia nervosa may not even experience a lack of appetite

Trephination describes which of the following?

A method to cut away sections of the skull

With individuals diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder, cognitive theorists emphasize the importance of maladaptive schemas revolving around...

A need for attention to validate self-worth

Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

A person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born

Patrick has difficulty getting along with others and is viewed by others as inflexible. Although intelligent, he earns mediocre grades in college and seems unable to function effectively or meet the demands of adult life. Patrick's behavior patterns are most consistent with a diagnosis of...

A personality disorder

Karen has TTM. You might also expect which of the following to be true?

A sibling would be at increased risk for having OCD.

Joshua has OCD. You might also expect which of the following to be true?

A sibling would have TTM.

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia?

A woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

It may be especially difficult to differentiate bipolar disorder in children from which of the following?

ADHD

Most current forms of psychotherapy for DID are based on the assumption that the disorder was caused by...

Abuse

The goal of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) in the treatment of borderline personality disorder is for the patient to...

Accept negative affect without resorting to self-destructive or other maladaptive behaviors

Hostile aggression

Act of aggression stemming from anger and is aimed at inflicting injury

For persons with severe personality disorders, treatment may be most effective in settings or situations where...

Acting-out behaviors can be contained

Larry had thoughts about killing himself with a gun, and planned out the exact method and time of the act. This is best described by which of the following?

Active suicidal ideation

Anorexia nervosa is more likely to begin at what time?

Adolescence

Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community

Adolescence and young adulthood; college communities

Which of the following dimensions developed from Hare's checklist reflects traits such as lack of remorse or guilt, callousness/lack of empathy, shallow affect, and a failure to accept responsibility for one's behavior?

Affective

Rachel, who has been diagnosed with Borderline personality disorder, is well known by her peers for her intense, emotional responses to various environmental triggers. She recovers slowly from upsets and her behavior is characterized by drastic and rapid shifts from one emotion to another. This observed behavior pattern is called:

Affective Instability

What gender and ethnic group has the highest levels of obesity?

African American women

When referred for psychological treatment, which ethnic group is likely to have more severe symptoms of OCD?

African Americans

Which group is most likely to report contamination-related obsessions?

African Americans

Instrumental aggression

Aggression where the aggressor is acting towards a goal

Which of the following is not one of the four groups of specific phobias?

Agoraphobia

Which of the following disorders is most likely to occur in relatives of people suffering from bulimia nervosa?

Alcohol Dependence

which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5

Alcohol Use Disorder

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?

Alcohol amnestic disorder

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________.

Alcoholics Anonymous

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide

One of the first formal attempts to study human sexuality using extensive surveys of thousands of Americans was conducted by

Alfred Kinsey

Which of the following was a diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa in DSM-IV but has not been included in DSM-5?

Amenorrhea

Which of the following is accurate regarding OCD?

Among children, more boys than girls have the disorder.

Internal attribution

An attribution about a persons disposition, can be made when consensus is low, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is high

External attribution

An attribution made towards the situation surrounding someones action, can be made when consensus is high, distinctiveness is high, and consistency is high

boys;girls

An interesting finding about the prevalence of autism is that three to four times as many ______ as _____ suffer from this illness

Sarah engages in binge-purge cycles with her consumption of food. She is also severely underweight. Which diagnosis is most accurate for her?

Anorexia Nervosa

Shana is drastically thin and has a very restricted diet. She likely has which of the following?

Anorexia nervosa

Amnesia caused by organic brain pathology is more likely to be classified as _____________ amnesia, whereas amnesia that occurs following intolerable stressful circumstances is more likely to be classified as __________________ amnesia.

Anterograde; Retrograde

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of paraphilic disorders?

Antiandrogen medications are currently used.

What kind of medication is most commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa?

Antidepressants

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. Choose one answer. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

Antisocial

The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?

Antisocial personality disorder

the individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol

Antisocial personality disorder

Connor is able to talk only in a whisper, although he can usually cough in a normal manner. This type of vocal symptom pattern, found with cases of conversion disorder, is referred to as...

Aphonia

Research findings across cultures reveal that the five-factor personality traits...

Are common to both Western and non- Western cultures- including Africa, and Asia

Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder...

Are different from individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder in that those with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsive rituals

What is currently considered the second phase in the normal human sexual response cycle?

Arousal

Some members of which of the following ethnic group are reported to have a hypersensitive reaction to alcohol including flushing of the skin, a drop in blood pressure, heart palpitations, and nausea

Asian

Which culture would be expected to have the lowest rates of women diagnosed with Histrionic personality disorder?

Asian

Which of the following statements is true?

Asian students have less sexual activity than other ethnic groups.

Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following?

Ataque de nervios

Dr. Smith is seeing a new patient who is very thin and refuses to eat, but her weight is somehow still within the normal BMI index measures. Dr. Smith will likely diagnose the patient with which of the following?

Atypical anorexia nervosa

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

Auditory

If Ronald is typical of people with somatic symptom disorder, he may

Avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems

Some studies suggest that treatment success may be most promising for _____________________ personality disorders

Avoidant and Dependent

Josey's five-year-old son doesn't eat as much as he should. He may be diagnosed with which of the following?

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Which of the following OCRDs has the greatest overlap with OCD?

BDD

Although their are similarities between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (BED), one feature distinguishes between the two. Individuals with...

BED do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with bulimia nervosa do

Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses?

Barbiturates

Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep?

Barbiturates

which of the following has legitimate medical uses but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdose

Barbiturates

which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep

Barbiturates

Susan is considered morbidly obese and is assessing options for weight loss treatment. Her physician recommends _______________ because this option is considered to be the most effective long-term treatment for morbidly obese persons.

Bariatric Surgery

Availability heuristic

Basing a judgement on how easily something comes to mind

For an individual to be diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder, they must...

Be experiencing distressing chronic somatic symptoms and exhibit dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

Research on rats has identified which neural component that may be key to appetite and weight gain?

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)

Dr. Clark believes that Riley's BDD is caused by the positive reinforcement she received about her appearance from family members when she was young and from peers as she grew older. Dr. Riley likely belongs to which orientation?

Behavioral

Which child exhibits behaviors that might be predictive of an antisocial personality disorder as an adult?

Ben, who at age 6 was described as hyperactive, hostile, and defiant with authority figures

Which eating disorder typically develops after adolescence?

Binge-Eating Disorder

Brian eats massive amounts of food and feels disgusted with himself afterwards, but doesn't vomit or use laxatives. He likely has which of the following?

Binge-eating disorder

What is the most common occurring eating disorder?

Binge-eating disorder

Which of the following diagnoses is more likely to be made equally for a male or female?

Binge-eating disorder

The parents of a child who wants to take a drug to change genders are concerned about the ethical implications of their actions. Which of the following are they most likely to consult?

Bioethicist

Karen is having severe anxiety and comes into a clinic for treatment. Which of the following is most likely going to be used to try and help her with her symptoms?

Biofeedback

Which of the following modes of treatment for antisocial personality disorder have been least studied to due to limited effectiveness noted in these methods?

Biological Treatment

A group of rats are given a drug to trigger OCD symptoms so that they can be studied in a lab. This is called which of the following?

Biological challenge studies

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was created in part out of a concern for which of the following being diagnosed in children?

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following is an example of a delusion?

Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.

What is the major commonality of the different somatic symptom disorders?

Bodily symptoms that cause significant psychological distress and impairment

In some cases of eating disorders, damage to the temporal cortex of the brain appears to be linked to anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa. This region of the brain is known to be involved in...

Body Image Perception

Though appearing normal to everyone else, James believes that his right arm is ugly and that other people find him repulsive because of it. He likely has which of the following?

Body dysmorphic disorder

Which of the following might be a good treatment for treatment-refractory OCD?

Both capsulotomy and cingulotomy

intelligence is more than an IQ score

Both the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and DSM-5 recognize that

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have difficulties with adult antisocial personality disorder?

Brandon shows symptoms of conduct disorder starting at the age of 7

Andrew loses control around food and then self-induces vomiting. He likely has which of the following?

Bulimia nervosa

__________ is a drug used in the treatment of heroin addiction. It is a partial antagonist drug that produces the same feeling of contentment found in heroin but without the physical dependence found with heroin use.

Buprenorphine

"That bagel is going to make me explode with fat!" Someone who says this could benefit from which of the following orientations?

CBT

David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David?

CBT

Dr. Smith asked his depressed client to discuss why his belief about being a failure may be unrealistic. Dr. Smith likely belongs to which of the following orientations?

CBT

Dr. Warren is working with his new client on how to change the client's incorrect perception about his normal symptoms of stress. Dr. Warren is most likely using which approach?

CBT

Karen, who has anorexia nervosa, eats a small piece of celery and thinks "this is the most fatty thing I have ever eaten and will make me gain 100 pounds." Based on this profile, Karen might best be helped by which therapeutic orientation?

CBT

Which of the following represents all of the different levels of research in abnormal psychology?

Cellular, individual, group, and population

Which component of CBT appears to be the most effective in promoting behavioral change?

Changing thinking patterns

Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate?

Children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts.

Which of the following factors would contribute to a child being vulnerable to developing a psychological disorder?

Children's lack of experience in dealing with adversity can make manageable problems seem insurmountable

Which of the following is a component of the two-factor theory of fear acquisition?

Classical conditioning

Hannah has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. What DSM cluster does Hannah's pattern of behaviors fall under?

Cluster B

Which of the DSM personality clusters is the most prevalent in numbers of diagnosed individuals?

Cluster C

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition.

Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder are often found with individuals who chronically abuse

Cocaine

________ has its primary effect by blocking the presynaptic dopamine transporter, increasing the availability of dopamine in the synapse.

Cocaine

which of the following is a narcotic? a. alcohol b. codeine c. Marijuanna d. tobacco

Codeine

Dr. Wells believes that Adrian's BDD is caused by irrational thoughts about himself and the world. Dr. Wells is likely from which orientation?

Cognitive

What evidence is noted in your textbook to support the following statement: "it is unlikely that the cognitive impairments seen in people suffering from schizophrenia are due to the effects of extended hospitalization or medication"?

Cognitive difficulties often occur at the start of the illness, or even before it is diagnosed

dysprosody

Communication difficulties in pervasive developmental disorders can include ______, in which there is a disturbance in the rate, rhythm, or intonation of speech

Which of the following is accurate regarding kleptomania?

Comorbid mood disorder is common.

The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following?

Conceptual bracket creep

Consistency

Consistency of actor's behavior toward target over time

Carey suddenly felt numb and paralyzed in his arm. His medical doctor could not find anything wrong. Carey may have which of the following?

Conversion disorder

What is the difference between correlational studies and experiments?

Correlational: Two variables are measured / relationship is assessed, no manipulation Experiment: IVCDV, manipulation of the IV to see the relationship on the DV, causal inferences can be made

Misdiagnosis is more common with personality disorders than with any other psychological disorder. This may because with personality disorder,

Criteria are defined by inferred traits or consistent patterns of of behavior rather than by more objective behavioral standards

Kasandra has consumed soil because she believes it is necessary for her to have a healthy pregnancy, since her mother and grandmother have told her so. She likely has which of the following conditions?

Cultural pica

Collectivist culture

Cultures that emphasize family and work group goals above individual needs or desires

Why would it be incorrect to label a 3-year-old child with encopresis, even if the toileting difficulties are causing distress for the child and frustration for the parents?

DSM-5 specifies that encopresis cannot be diagnoses prior to 4 years of age

The current prevalence of conversion disorder is...

Decreasing as sophistication about disorders increases

autism spectrum disorder

Deficits in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restrictive and repetitive behavior patterns are collectively known as

John is able to have sex but hates how long it takes him to ejaculate. He may likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Delayed ejaculation

Carrie becomes frantic when her husband goes out of town on a business trip. She is very passive and submissive in her marriage and seems incapable of making independent decisions. Based on these observations, what diagnosis best represents Carrie's behaviors?

Dependent Personality Disorder

Stephanie has repeated experiences where she feels she is floating above her physical body. These experiences come on suddenly and leave Stephanie feeling unreal. What Stephanie is experiencing is...

Depersonalization

Robert goes to a therapist and reports feeling like his body is separate from his mind, resulting in intense confusion and disorientation. This likely represents which of the following?

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? Choose one answer. a. Borderline personality disorder b. Depression c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder

Depression

which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

Depression

Which of the following is NOT a Cluster B personality disorder? Choose one answer. a. Depressive b. Histrionic c. Narcissistic d. Borderline

Depressive

In ________________, one's sense of the reality of the outside world is lost

Derealization

Matthew has been under significant stress at his job. He is concerned about his well-being because he has episodes at home and work where his friends, family, and places seem as though they are unreal or dreamlike. Matthew's reality testing, however, is intact. What DSM symptom best fits Matthew's experiences?

Derealization

Robert Hare's 20-item Psychopathy Checklist Revised provides clinicians with a way to...

Diagnose psychopathy on the basis of the Cleckley criteria

autism spectrum disorder

Disorders that consist of serious impairments in a child's reciprocal social interaction and communication and include stereotypical behaviors, interests, and activities are called

Andrew cannot often remember what went on during history class. He finds the class boring and daydreams during the lecture. He is so involved in his daydreaming that, frequently, he is unaware of when the class has ended and is surprised when he hears his classmates leaving the room. Andrew's behavior is an example of

Dissociation

________________ disorders are a group of conditions that involve disruptions in a person's normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

Dissociative

Angela's uncle Leo, an accountant, disappeared from his home in Dover, Delaware, after his wife had died from a lengthy illness. He was later found working at a casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. When located, Leo had no recollection of who he was or how he got to Vegas. He had assumed a name, rented an apartment, and managed his daily affairs in Las Vegas without any problems. What diagnosis best fits Leo's behaviors?

Dissociative Fugue

Jerry woke up one day to find himself in a new city with no memory of his former identity. This likely represents which of the following?

Dissociative fugue

In a therapy session, Samantha switches from one name to another, taking on different personalities. This likely represents which of the following?

Dissociative identity disorder

If a patient complains about a pain in the arm due to depression and wants to be given a painkiller prescription, what should a doctor do first?

Do a physical examination to look for medical problems.

The best-known clinical condition associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability is _________ syndrome, which is most often caused by an extra of the 21st pair of chromosomes

Down

Dr. James believes that his client's pyromania may be caused by the reinforcing effects of setting a fire, that is, the "rush" or pleasure experienced by the client when he is watching the fire burn. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Dr. James is a behaviorist.

Dr. Smith believes that his client's pyromania is primarily caused by his unresolved sexual conflicts. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Dr. Smith believes in psychoanalytic theory.

Which of the following is characterized as chronic state of depression that a person suffers from for at least two years?

Dysthymia

Animal studies have demonstrated that lesions in part of they hypothalamus called the ventromedial hypothalamus will cause the animal to...

Eat voraciously and rapidly become obese

Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

Ecstasy

which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

Ecstasy

Studies that are designed to establish the prevalence (number of cases) of a particular disorder in a very large sample of people living in the community are called ______________ studies

Epidemiological

Which of the following types of memory is typically the only type of memory affected by dissociative amnesiac reactions?

Episodic or Autobiographical Memory

Who can be victims of prejudice?

Everyone

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?

Exaggerated startle response

Cameron can't help getting excited when he goes to a public place and exposes his genitals. He may likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Exhibitionistic disorder

When experiencing high levels of stress, individuals with paranoid personality disorder may...

Experience transient psychotic symptoms lasting from a few minutes to several hours

To draw conclusions regarding the causes of change, which of the following is needed?

Experimental control

What does research say about the link between violent TV/video games and aggression?

Exposure to violent video games increases aggression because 1. They increase arousal / excitement 2. They trigger an automatic tendency to imitate the violent characters 3. They activate existing aggressive ideas and expectations, making people more likely to act on them

_________ has been a very important topic in the study of psychosocial factors that contribute to schizophrenia. High levels of this quality in families have been found to predict relapse in patients with the disorder.

Expressed emotion

If a scientist wanted to use the most advanced method to see which parts of the human brain are active when a participant recalls a certain memory, the scientist will likely use which machine?

FMRI

Maya is 32 years of age, and is irritated that her sister is getting so much attention around her upcoming wedding. In order to get more attention for herself, Maya begins feigning the symptoms of a major illness. She even has herself hospitalized for this phantom sickness. What psychological disorder are these symptoms of?

Factitious Disorder

Caroline's daughter Hailey, age 5, has spent much of her life in and out of the hospital. She often presents in the emergency room with complaints of diarrhea, constipation, and generalized abdominal pain. Hailey is thin, pale, and always appears malnourished. Extensive testing in the hospital has revealed no physical cause for Hailey's problems. Caroline seems to enjoy talking with healthcare staff and the attention that she receives as the mother of a sick child. The staff notes that Hailey always recovers quickly and has a rapid weight gain while hospitalized. Some of the staff wonders if Caroline is intentionally making Hailey ill. If it is true, that Caroline is intentionally making Hailey ill, which of the following diagnoses would be appropriate for Caroline?

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

Dr. Harold's has just contacted child protective services because he believes a child he just assessed is being influenced to fake a disorder by someone else. This likely concerns which of the following?

Factitious disorder

Dr. Smith noticed that his new patient Carol has a record at ten other hospitals in nearby states for the same health concern. This might be indicative of which of the following?

Factitious disorder

John covered himself in hot towels and then presented to a hospital claiming that he has a fever. He is likely demonstrating which of the following?

Factitious disorder

Ashley, who is 15 years old, has anorexia. ______________ is considered the treatment of choice for young women of her age?

Family Therapy

The Maudsley model is a 10-20 session family therapy program for adolescents with anorexia nervosa that consist of 3 phases. Which of the following describes the focus of the second phase?

Family issues are addressed and there are negotiations for a new pattern of relationships among family members

Kenny feels sexually attracted to shoes. He may likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Fetishistic disorder