Biology Chapter 5

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? Select one: A. fat B. ATP C. sugar D. DNA

b. ATP

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________. Select one: A. hydrolysis B. metabolism C. cellular synthesis D. conservation of energy

b. Metabolism

Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are ________. Select one: A. enzyme catalysts B. enzyme inhibitors C. enzyme products D. enzyme substrates

b. enzyme inhibitors

The two enzyme inhibitor mechanisms are Select one: a. changing the substrate in both mechanisms b. changing the shape of the substrate and the active site c. blocking the active site and changing the shape of the active site

c. blocking the active site and changing the shape of the active site

Which one of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. B. Enzymes work generally on a broad range of substrates. C. Enzymes emerge changed from the reactions they catalyze. D. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.

A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker. B. The solution in the balloon is isotonic; the solution in the beaker is hypertonic. C. The solution in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the solution in the balloon. D. The solution in the balloon is hypotonic relative to the solution in the beaker.

A. The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________. Select one: A. conservation of energy B. conservation of heat C. entropy D. cellular respiration

A. conservation of energy

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________. Select one: A. decreasing activation energy B. changing the pH of the environment C. increasing the temperature of the substrates D. contributing electrons to the reaction

A. decreasing activation energy

An object at rest has no ________ energy, but it may have ________ energy resulting from its location or structure. Select one: A. kinetic... potential B. kinetic... conserved C. potential... kinetic D. stored... potential

A. kinetic... potential

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ________. Select one: A. result in cell death B. have no effect on the cell C. force the cell to rely on lipids for energy D. force the cell to rely on ADP for energy

A. result in cell death

Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work. Select one: A. 55% B. 34% C. 99.9% D. 22%

B. 34%

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme?sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose Select one: A. fructose B. sucrase C. glucose D. sucrose

B. Sucrase

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? Select one: A. osmosis B. active transport C. facilitated diffusion D. diffusion

B. active transport

Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ________. Select one: A. ADP B. phosphate group C. adenosine D. heat unit

B. phosphate group

Osmosis can be defined as ________. Select one: A. the diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane B. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane C. the diffusion of nonpolar molecules across a selectively permeable membrane D. active transport across a selectively permeable membrane

B. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker? Select one: A. The volume of water in the beaker will increase. B. The volume of water in the beaker will decrease. C. The amount of glucose in the beaker will decrease. D. The amount of glucose in the beaker will increase.

B. the volume of water in the beaker will descrease

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________. Select one: A. kinetic energy into potential energy B. chemical energy into potential energy C. chemical energy into kinetic energy D. kinetic energy into chemical energy

C. chemical energy into kinetic energy

Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? Select one: A. chemical energy B. kinetic energy C. entropy D. potential energy

C. entropy

Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________.Select one: A. shrink B. divide C. expand D. stay about the same size and shape

C. expand

Diffusion is an example of ________. Select one: A. endocytosis B. active transport C. passive transport D. phagocytosis

C. passive transport

Which component of the following reaction is the substrate?sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose Select one: A. sucrase B. fructose C. sucrose D. glucose

C. sucrose

What is energy? Select one: A. the capacity to cause movement B. a measure of disorder C. the capacity to cause change D. a measure of calories

C. the capacity to cause change

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?(lysis=the cell bursts) Select one: A. expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole B. the relative impermeability of the plant cell membrane to water C. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall D. the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water

C. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

The figure below shows that ________. Select one: A. ATP can be converted to ADP by adding a phosphate group B. energy is released from ATP during the process of cellular respiration C. ADP can perform cellular work when it binds to an additional phosphate group D. ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group

D. ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group

Which one of the following is TRUE? Select one: A. Enzymes are the products in a chemical reaction. B. Enzymes' functions require inhibitors. C. Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. D. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.

D. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker? Select one: A. The volume of water in the beaker will increase. B. The amount of glucose in the beaker will decrease. C. The amount of glucose in the beaker will increase. D. The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

D. The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.

Flag question Question text In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will.Plasmolysis-the shrinking of the cytoplasm of the cell away from the cell wall due to water loss via osmosisturgid- swelling of a cell, to the point of becoming rigid or inflexibleflaccid- neither swollen, nor shrunken Select one: A. undergo plasmolysis B. burst C. become flaccid D. become turgid

D. become turgid

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________. Select one: A. exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration B. exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane C. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration D. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

D. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________. Select one: A. chemical energy into kinetic energy Correct. B. kinetic energy into potential energy C. chemical energy into potential energy D. kinetic energy into chemical energy

D. kinetic energy into chemical energy

Diffusion ________. Select one: A. is the result of the potential energy of atoms B. occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated C. requires an input of cellular energy D. proceeds until equilibrium is reached

D. proceeds until equilibrium is reached

Osmosis can be defined as ________. Select one: A. the diffusion of non polar molecules across a selectively permeable membrane B. the diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane C. active transport across a selectively permeable membrane D. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

D. the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________. Select one: A. pH B. size C. temperature D. shape

D.shape

Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ________ calories. Select one: A. 10,000 B. 100 C. 1,000 D. 0.1

a. 10,000

After ATP releases energy, it can regain its original chemical nature Select one: a. by adding a phosphate to ADP b. by restoring the adenosine c. by attaching 3 phosphates d. by capturing the heat released

a. by adding a phosphate to ADP

In the analogy of the human body and the car, which of these comparisons is NOT true? Select one: a. fuel: octane and cellulose b. energy conversion byproduct: heat and kinetic energy and heat and ATP c. waste products: carbon dioxide/monoxide and fecal material d. conversion process: combustion and cellular respiration

a. fuel:octane and cellulose

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ________. Select one: A. is isotonic to the protozoan B. contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan C. is hypotonic to the protozoan D. is hypertonic to the protozoan

c. is hypotonic to the protozoan

Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? Select one: A. changing the tires on a car B. driving the wrong way on a one-way street C. keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot D. forgetting to put a cap back on a pen

c. keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ________ energy. Select one: A. no B. conserved C. potential D. kinetic

c. potential

Usually, enzymes are ________. Select one: A. steroids B. fats C. proteins Correct. D. chemical reactions

c. proteins

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ________ site. Select one: A. enzymatic B. inactive C. substrate D. active

d. active

Active transport ________. Select one: A. can involve the transport of ions B. can move solutes against their concentration gradient C. uses ATP as an energy source D. all of the answer options

d. all of the answer options

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? Select one: A. phagocytosis B. passive transport C. endocytosis D. exocytosis

d. exocytosis

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________. Select one: A. exocytosis B. diffusion C. osmosis D. phagocytosis

d. phagocytosis

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. Select one: A. energy and transport proteins... against B. energy... down C. transport proteins... against D. transport proteins... down

d. transport proteins...down