Criminal Justice: Chapter 15 Test

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when a serious offense is involved, the court will not hold an adjudicatory hearing to determine of the case should be transferred to adult court

true

children who are beyond parental control

undisciplined

held that the age of suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning

J.D.B v. north carolina

resolution

a firm decision to do or not to do something; to determine

petition

a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

amber (alert)

a notification system that uses various means of mass communication such as highway message boards, radio announcements, and text messages to inform and mobilize the public to help search for a kidnapped child

status

a person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing, especially in society; prestige

neglected

failed to care for

intake

first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction

children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians

abused

focus on criminality

adult

public record of proceedings

adult

dispositional

based on an individual's inclination or tendency to act in a particular way; final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles

evidence base

based on relevant, quality research

assumed innocent until proven guilty

both, adult & juvenile

right against self-incrimination

both, adult & juvenile

right to attorney

both, adult & juvenile

adversarial setting

both, juvenile & adult

severely restricted the conditions under which transfers from juvenile to adult court may occur

breed v. jones

specific right of treatment is a characteristic of the juvenile justice system

true

children who violate the criminal law

delinquent

children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them

dependent

held that sentencing a juvenile to life without the possibility of parole for a crime not involving homicide was unconstitutional

graham v. flordia

in re gault

guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural due process rights as adults

concurrent

happening at the same time

provided juveniles with basic due process rights at hearings that could result in institutional commitment

in re gault

juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury of their peers

in re winship

set the evidentiary standard in delinquency cases as proof beyond a reasonable doubt

in re winship

post-adjudicatory

is a warrant that is issued after adjudication when a defendant fails to comply with the sentence; warrant will be issued if a person is required to pay a fine or to complete a sentence and fails to do so

closed hearings

juvenile

limited rights against unreasonable searches

juvenile

specific right to treatment

juvenile

system goal are protection and treatment

juvenile

states today are moving towards the original principles of the juvenile court

true

status offenders are not delinquent children sent to adult court

true

status offenders violate laws written only for children

true

teen court is not an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders who are teenagers are dealt with by judges who specialize in adolescent offenders and offenses

true

the Supreme Court has held that juveniles may be sentenced to life in prison without parole for homicide

true

the U.S Supreme Court has held that juveniles do not have the right to a trail by a jury of their peers

true

which of the following is not one of the key philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based?

juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults

required courts to provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings

kent v. united states

Illinois Juvenile Court Act

legislation that established the first statewide juvenile court system in the United States

held that mandatory sentences of life without parole for juveniles convicted of homicide are unconstitutional

miller v. arizona

children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians

neglected

parenus patriae

permits the state to assume the role of parents

adjudicatory

power possessed by most agencies to instigate and conduct proceedings to determine whether regulatory or statutory violations have occurred.

prohibited execution of offenders who committed capital crimes when under the age of 18

roper v. simmon

permitted pretrial detention of juveniles and held that it may be necessary for the protection of the child and others

schall v. martin

children who violate laws written only for them

status offenders

the child savers movement led to the creation of reform schools that focused on pre-delinquent children

true

the child-savers movement was opposed to idle youth and led to the creation of the reform school

true

the dispositional hearing is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles and is similar to an adult sentencing hearing

true

the first juvenile court that was separate in form and function form adult criminal courts was created in Illinois

true

the juvenile court system de-emphasizes limited discretion for judges to reduce possible disparity of treatment

true

the juvenile courts fact-finding process, which is similar to an adult trial, is known as an adjudicatory hearing

true

the legal principle of parens patriae permits the state to assume the role of the parents

true

the majority of juveniles who are adjudicated delinquent are placed on formal probation

true

the purpose of the preliminary hearing is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the juvenile committed the alleged act

true

brain

the mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system

18 is the minimum age at which someone convicted of first degree murder may be sentenced to death

true

In Re Gault guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural due process rights as adults

true

In Re Winship found that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by a jury of their peers

true

In the case of In Re Winship , the Supreme Court held that delinquency must be established beyond a reasonable doubt

true

a blended sentence is a combination of a juvenile disposition and an adult criminal sentence

true

a blended sentence is a juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudication delinquent

true

a delinquent child has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult

true

a juvenile court does not have original jurisdiction when it is only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions

true

a juvenile petition filed in juvenile court alleging illegal behavior by a juvenile and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the juvenile

true

appeals are less important at the juvenile level because most sentences of confinement are so short that the juvenile may be released before the appellate review process is completed

true

children who are beyond parental control and need state protection are considered to be undisciplined children

true

delinquent children would be considered criminals if they were adults

true

evidence-based juvenile justice models are attractive due to cost savings

true

exclusive jurisdiction applies when the juvenile court is the only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions

true

if an offender is convicted of a homicide that he committed when he was a juvenile, he may not be sentenced to death if the trial occurs after he turns 18

true

in 2011, the U.S Supreme Court held that the age of suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning

true

in about two-thirds of all adjudicated delinquency cases, the judge decides to place the juvenile on probation

true

in the case of Kent v. United States, the Supreme Court said that courts must provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings

true

intake is the first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction

true

juvenile justice reform that involved policymakers and administrators making direct managerial changes is an exampled of a resolution strategy

true

juveniles in secure confinement are most likely not to have committed a status offense

true

marijuana use is NOT a status offense

true


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