Criminal Justice: Chapter 15 Test
when a serious offense is involved, the court will not hold an adjudicatory hearing to determine of the case should be transferred to adult court
true
children who are beyond parental control
undisciplined
held that the age of suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning
J.D.B v. north carolina
resolution
a firm decision to do or not to do something; to determine
petition
a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority
amber (alert)
a notification system that uses various means of mass communication such as highway message boards, radio announcements, and text messages to inform and mobilize the public to help search for a kidnapped child
status
a person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing, especially in society; prestige
neglected
failed to care for
intake
first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction
children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
abused
focus on criminality
adult
public record of proceedings
adult
dispositional
based on an individual's inclination or tendency to act in a particular way; final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles
evidence base
based on relevant, quality research
assumed innocent until proven guilty
both, adult & juvenile
right against self-incrimination
both, adult & juvenile
right to attorney
both, adult & juvenile
adversarial setting
both, juvenile & adult
severely restricted the conditions under which transfers from juvenile to adult court may occur
breed v. jones
specific right of treatment is a characteristic of the juvenile justice system
true
children who violate the criminal law
delinquent
children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
dependent
held that sentencing a juvenile to life without the possibility of parole for a crime not involving homicide was unconstitutional
graham v. flordia
in re gault
guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural due process rights as adults
concurrent
happening at the same time
provided juveniles with basic due process rights at hearings that could result in institutional commitment
in re gault
juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury of their peers
in re winship
set the evidentiary standard in delinquency cases as proof beyond a reasonable doubt
in re winship
post-adjudicatory
is a warrant that is issued after adjudication when a defendant fails to comply with the sentence; warrant will be issued if a person is required to pay a fine or to complete a sentence and fails to do so
closed hearings
juvenile
limited rights against unreasonable searches
juvenile
specific right to treatment
juvenile
system goal are protection and treatment
juvenile
states today are moving towards the original principles of the juvenile court
true
status offenders are not delinquent children sent to adult court
true
status offenders violate laws written only for children
true
teen court is not an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders who are teenagers are dealt with by judges who specialize in adolescent offenders and offenses
true
the Supreme Court has held that juveniles may be sentenced to life in prison without parole for homicide
true
the U.S Supreme Court has held that juveniles do not have the right to a trail by a jury of their peers
true
which of the following is not one of the key philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based?
juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults
required courts to provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings
kent v. united states
Illinois Juvenile Court Act
legislation that established the first statewide juvenile court system in the United States
held that mandatory sentences of life without parole for juveniles convicted of homicide are unconstitutional
miller v. arizona
children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
neglected
parenus patriae
permits the state to assume the role of parents
adjudicatory
power possessed by most agencies to instigate and conduct proceedings to determine whether regulatory or statutory violations have occurred.
prohibited execution of offenders who committed capital crimes when under the age of 18
roper v. simmon
permitted pretrial detention of juveniles and held that it may be necessary for the protection of the child and others
schall v. martin
children who violate laws written only for them
status offenders
the child savers movement led to the creation of reform schools that focused on pre-delinquent children
true
the child-savers movement was opposed to idle youth and led to the creation of the reform school
true
the dispositional hearing is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles and is similar to an adult sentencing hearing
true
the first juvenile court that was separate in form and function form adult criminal courts was created in Illinois
true
the juvenile court system de-emphasizes limited discretion for judges to reduce possible disparity of treatment
true
the juvenile courts fact-finding process, which is similar to an adult trial, is known as an adjudicatory hearing
true
the legal principle of parens patriae permits the state to assume the role of the parents
true
the majority of juveniles who are adjudicated delinquent are placed on formal probation
true
the purpose of the preliminary hearing is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the juvenile committed the alleged act
true
brain
the mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system
18 is the minimum age at which someone convicted of first degree murder may be sentenced to death
true
In Re Gault guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural due process rights as adults
true
In Re Winship found that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by a jury of their peers
true
In the case of In Re Winship , the Supreme Court held that delinquency must be established beyond a reasonable doubt
true
a blended sentence is a combination of a juvenile disposition and an adult criminal sentence
true
a blended sentence is a juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudication delinquent
true
a delinquent child has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult
true
a juvenile court does not have original jurisdiction when it is only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions
true
a juvenile petition filed in juvenile court alleging illegal behavior by a juvenile and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the juvenile
true
appeals are less important at the juvenile level because most sentences of confinement are so short that the juvenile may be released before the appellate review process is completed
true
children who are beyond parental control and need state protection are considered to be undisciplined children
true
delinquent children would be considered criminals if they were adults
true
evidence-based juvenile justice models are attractive due to cost savings
true
exclusive jurisdiction applies when the juvenile court is the only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions
true
if an offender is convicted of a homicide that he committed when he was a juvenile, he may not be sentenced to death if the trial occurs after he turns 18
true
in 2011, the U.S Supreme Court held that the age of suspects must be considered when determining whether they would feel free not to respond to police questioning
true
in about two-thirds of all adjudicated delinquency cases, the judge decides to place the juvenile on probation
true
in the case of Kent v. United States, the Supreme Court said that courts must provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings
true
intake is the first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction
true
juvenile justice reform that involved policymakers and administrators making direct managerial changes is an exampled of a resolution strategy
true
juveniles in secure confinement are most likely not to have committed a status offense
true
marijuana use is NOT a status offense
true
