Criminal justice ethics final
Ted understands that committing prejury in this case is wrong, and technically qualifies as corruption. ehat type of curruption is this?
"noble-cause" corruption
Which would be defended by an incappitative rationale according to the text
3 strikes law
What percent of police said that they lied about evidence to induce a confession according to the text
90%
What is the name for a legal agreement between the Justice department and a policejustice department in a police department which agrees to Monitoring in reform of certain practices to avoid a lawsuit
A consent decree
The Model code of judicial conduct is organized into 4 cannons including all of the following exit
A judge or candidate for judicial shall engage in political or campaign activity that is consistent with their personal views
The vast majority of cases in the criminal Justice system are settled by
A plea bargain
The Warren court was known for it
Activism
Bagram prision is in
Afghanistan
in order to gather intelligence, you consider utilizing so-called mosque crawlers
Agents who infiltrate mosque and muslim neighborhoods to gather intelligence
the concept of a "torture warrant" is most closely associated with the work of:
Alan Dershowitz
Use a force can be predicted by
All of these are correct
In Washington versus Harper the US Supreme Court ruled that
An inmate's right to review's anticipated medication did not outweigh the state's need to a minister if there was a showing that the inmate posed a security risk
who conducted the investigation of Abu Ghrabi?
Antonia Taguba
Which Supreme Court Justice did not recuse himself from Hamilton versus runsfield despite having said publicly that given due process rights to detainees in Guatemala was crazy
Antonio Scalia
Good samaritan laws are what in the US
Are the same in Europe
A legal tool used to complicate property and money associated with organized or no activity is called
Asset forfeiture
In district attorney versus Osborne the Supreme Court ruled
At defendants had no constitutional right to dna evidence
Believe in one original theory of the case despite Evans to the contrary it's called
Believe Preserverance
the concept of hedonistic calcus is as associated with:
Bentham
Whose basic rationale for punishment provides the utility of punishment to society outweighs the negative of the punishment itself
Benthams
Lies that are used to control a suspect or to avoid the use of force or called
Blue lies
What are the motions demanded for prosecutor reveal exculpatory information called
Brandy motion
which religious system specifies that ethical conduct must be based on universal love and compassion for all living beings?
Buddhism
The approach in which each case is treated as one of many is Called
Burcratic Justice
Despite your client's insistence that he is innocent you urge him to accept a plea bargain you are motivated largely by a desire to dispose of the case as quickly and efficiently as possible your actions embodied the notion of
Bureaucratic Justice
whuch of the follwoing individuals applied gender to kolhberg's theory?
Carol Gilligan
Operation greylord was corruption investigation whis an investigation which took place in
Chicago Illinois
Which of the following is true regarding coercive sexual contact in prisons
Coercion is more likely to be present between male officers and female inmates
According to the text the Is worldcom and enron cases influenced a change the model rules guidelines regarding
Confidentiality
Which paradigm of law highlights the inequaity of a capitalist system
Conflict paradigm
Which of the following is not an ethical dilemma often faced by treatment staff in correctional facilities
Consulting with judges to suggest conditions of offender's sentences
Which is the profession involved in the application of science to recognize identify and evaluate physical evidence in court proceedings
Criminalistics
A month after the conviction you discovered that DNA sample was founded at The crime scene and was never tested you believe that it might exonerate your client unfortunately the unfortunately the peel court rejects Your petition citing the case of district attorney versus Osborne the decision in this case held that
Defendants do not have a constitutional right to dna testing
Attorney client privilege may ethically be revoked if
Defense attorney wants to prevent her client from injuring someone
The Taraoff rule governs what type of relationships
Doctor patient
___ suggest that what is good for one's survuval and peronsal happiness is moral
Egoism
Which amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment
Eight
The consensus paradigm is most closely related with
Emil durkim
In terms of prosecutional misconduct arison and mcmurtry discussed the presence of all of the falling elements except
Emotional Concord
Which is not a type of misuse of authority discussed by McCarthy and segal
Entrapment
What is the program used by federal officials to help all help obviate abuses and assess forfeiture
Equatable sharing
Probation officers who's on the job behavior is guided by a desire to always do their duty is exhibiting
Ethical formalism
What system of ethics supports a retributive view of punishment
Ethical formalism
Which ethical system would only support punishment as a last resort
Ethics of care
According to the text which of the following is true regarding the exclusionary rule
Evidence ceased without a warrant but in the interest of public safety is not excluded by the rule
"national security letters" are letters issued by the _____ to access private information without a warrant
FBI
3 strike laws are defended under a Unitarian rationale
False
A Batson motion request all evidence that is likely to lead to a different outcome
False
General deterrence is consistent with ethical formalism
False
In the case of Hudson versus mec million the Supreme Court found that an injured infliction upon an Inmate only raises to the level of unconstitutionality if it can be considered a serious injury
False
Jury consultants are never used by defense attorneys
False
Serotonin is the "moral molecule"
False
Sonce the 1800s, the number of lawyers in congress has steadily grown
False
Surprisingly researchers have found that correctional officers despite the stressful nature of their occupation do not experience aquatism or divorce any more frequently than the rest of American society
False
The Minnesota versus white decision state that a judge may not make political speeches since they are supposed to remain completely neutral
False
The practice of reciprocity is supported by formal correctional ethics
False
The scandal at Abu grabi had no effect on present practices in the United States
False
Zimbabwe's prison experiment was conducted on the campus of Brown University
False
an act must be considerend harmful to individuals in order for legal moralism to be valid justification for laws agaisnt it
False
ex parte conversations are a way of avoiding the perception of bias
False
police are required to devulge the name of the informant on affidavits for search warrants unless there is ecidence that revealing the informant's identity would be dangerous
False
shakespeare's anti-legal sentiemnt is reflected with his famous quote. "the first thing we do, kets kill all the lawyers"
False
the "ferguson effect" indicates a reactionary rise of proactive enforcement as a ruesult of police asserting their rights to use force
False
the supreme Court held that it's not compulsory that all states must licence and recognize same-sex marriages, eliminating any contradiction between states
False
Which of the following is cited in the text as being more influential to juries than DNA evidence
False confessions
______ is different from others three means of conrtol in that it is physical
Force
which of the following isn't an aspect of Rawl's theory of justice?
Freedom from gov interfernce
Which Supreme Court case ruled against federal sentencing guidelines
GAll v. United States
The death penalty is an example of what type of deterrence
General
What are the 2 types of deterrence
General And specific
In what case did the Supreme Court held the prosecution must declose deals made with informants
Giglio v. U.S
which of the following alighns with Berry's view of God's will?
God's will can be found in individuals, holy scriptures, and religious authorities in equal measure
Wright offers 7 principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors shoand supervisors should treat employees which of the following is not one of these 7 principles
Good benefits
Which of the following is not a component of due process
Guaranteed appeals
In next versus Whiteside does the premium court rule that a defense attorney
Had to adhere to certain guidelines before offering a plea bargain to a client
in the case of _____ the us supreme court held that the military commissions were outside of the president's power to create and were, therefore, invalid
Hamdan v. Rumsfield
in the case of _____, the US supreme court held that detainees in Guantanamo could challenge their detention in the US federal courts, a petition known as habeas corpus
Hamdi v. Rumsfield
the case that delt with a US citizen help without due process protections as an enemy combatant was
Hamdi v. Rumsfield
John Stewart mill propose the harm principle which basically is the idea that every individual should
Have the utmost freedom over their own actions unless they harm others
The conditions describes in the complaints constitutes a
Hostile work environment
Which Supreme Court decision ruled that the gratitusion is gratituitiness of injuries and not their severity was the determining factor in constitutional violation
Hudson versus McMillan
Examples of restorative Justice process include all of the following except
Individual psychological counseling
Faith based treatment programs are
Is active in many American prisons
Interpretationist argue that the Constitution
Is meant to be a living dogment that evolves with The Times
Positive law refers to
Is those laws written and enforced by society
Sheriff's deputies are often assigned to serve as correctional officers in which type of facility
Jail
Which of the falling is not a method of prevention
Just deserts
Von heritage conceptualization that the punishment of the individual should be purely retributive and balance to the seriousness of the crime is embodied in the
Justice model
The person who helped set up the Abu grobbie prison had also served as head of Texas New Mexico and Utah prison system was
Lane mccooter
When were the 1st Women only prisons Built-in the United States
Late 1800s
Which of the following is not a rule of legal patronalism
Laws should allow private individuals to make decisions about private matters
According to a study cited in the text correctional managers attribute misconduct 2
Low pay and poor screening during hiring
which of the following theroies give need the ost weight?
Marxist
So you're argued that integrated thinking in what agility were important elements moments for an ethical climate
Moral
The Consensus paradigm reflects the idea that
Most people have similar beliefs values and goals in the societal law reflect the majority view
If an individual officer watch a person fight without intervening bomse would consider it
Neglectant abuse
Which of the falling state prison systems is not one of the 3 largest in the country
New york
why type of corruption involves police "testilying"
Noble-cause corruption
___ethics determines what people ought to do and defines moral duties based on ethical systems or other means of analysis
Normative
The term entrepment refers to an incident we're in an otherwise innocent person commits an illegal art because
Of police encouragement or enticement
A shadow jury is a
Panel a people selected by the defense attorney that observes the trial and provides feedback to the attorney
Which of the falling statements is false
Parole officers generally deal with younger less serious offenders than probation officers
According to sir yall's type allergy which type of probation and parole officers may violate professional ethics by not performing duties associated with the role
Passive time server
Pelly Cody describes the passive role in the active role of an attorney with a client who commits
Perjury
In which case did the Supreme Court reject the argument that judicial review of eyewitnesses testimony was necessary
Perry versus New Hampshire
Which of the following statements about plea bargaining is correct
Please bargaining occurs in the vast majority of criminal cases
Recent studies of Oakland police body cam found
Police officers were more likely to be polite to white motorist
The wet complex provides jobs and profits to legions of companies and people around the country
Prison and industrial
Which of the following about probation is false
Probation officers have discretion when choosing which probationers to supervise
The author identifies cynicism lethargy and individualism as opponents of the occupational subculture of
Probation/parole officer
According to a bureau of Justice statistics studies cited in the text which type of offender is most likely to be arrested for a new crime after released from prison
Property offenders
According to sir Gaul's type ology which type of probation and parole officers may need to examine their use of authority
Punitive law enforcer
According to sir yall's type ology the type of probation or parole officer who has a tendency to use illegal threats and violate the due process of protections of their clients is the
Punitive law enforcer
What is from a case is necessary when a judge has financial interest in the case or has some other perceived bias or relationship that might give the appearance of improperty
Recusal
According to McCarthy an Anti-corruption policy for correctional managers should include all of the following except
Regular lie detector test
The ethical concern regarding expert witnesses is about whether they are really
Reliable
According to the text which of the following statements about corrections officer's unions is true
Researchers see unions as being resistant to attempts to discipline officers engaging in miss conduct
Which of the following statements about restorative Justice programs is false
Restorative Justice programs may lead to oppositional subcultures
the idea that government should maintain order but the communtiy should establish peace is a charatceristic of which concept?
Restorative justice
Atonement is most closely associated with the concept of
Retribution
the roots of restorative jutstice can be found as far back as:
Roman and Grecian Law
Legal moralism has been used to justify laws for and against
Same sex marriage
Detaining only those who are at the highest risk of reoffending will real offending will be a form of
Selective Incapitation
Only recognizing evidence to fit one theory is the definition of
Selective information processing
Cohen suggests some principle attorneys must follow to be considered moral which of the following is not one of these principles
Share your clients information with your associates so they can help you make a decision
Strict constructionist argue that the Constitution
Should be implemented exactly as Written
Penale harm refers to the idea that the system
Should intentionally inflict pain on offenders During their imprisonment
Is retribution is consistent with
Social contract theory
Which form of prevention is aimed at the offender and not the overall community
Specific deterrence
Garcetti v. Ceballos was a Supreme Court decision which delt with
The 1st amendment writes to public servants
After asking the examinator the questions you prepared about the fingerprints you ask him questions about the shoe prints found outside the crime scene this witness is only trained as a fingerprint examinator but you hope that the jury will consider his opinion about The Supremes to be that of an expert if they do consider his stupid comments to be knowledgeable and reliable this will be an example of
The Halo effect
The term pluralistic ignorance describes
The Vocal minority shipping the perception of subcultural values
In Washington versus Harper the Supreme Court ruled that
The administration of antique psychotic drugs to unwilling inmate is not unconstitutional
Instead of the above scenario the leadership rewrites the rules so that the ethnic minorities in the country no longer have the right to vote they also remove any restrictions against discriminatory practices which will allow employers and landlords to refuse jobs and housing to members of minorities this scenario describes
The conflict paradigm
Upon reviewing the facts of the case it occurs to you that there is a very good chance that the defendan will be convicted if the case goes to trial your claim in the case that he will be willing to accept a plea bargain which of the following would be an example of a plea bargain
The defendant agrees to plea guilty and prosecutor agrees and prosecutor agrees to drop the charges to 2nd degree murder
Which of the following is not a motivation for prosecutors to offer a plea bargain
The fact that prosecutors are paid more when they take a case through trial
In shiffer in quachurn's type ology what type of lawyer engages the client in moral dialog and tries to convince the client of a moral action and only refuses if the client insists
The friend
A group called what was formed at solanella's Valley prison when inmates who had injured officers and a disturbance were then beaten by the officers and turned
The green wall
Still convinced your client is Innocent you look for outside help where might you go seek assistance in getting your client a new trial
The innocence project
The belief that loyalty to one's client surprises individual and private morality is characteristic of
The legal agent position of the Attorney client relationship
Which of the following is true regarding a probation or parole officers power to recommend revocation
The officer makes a recommendation only
The Halo effect refers to
The phenomenon in which a person with expertise or status and one area is given deference in all areas
Sarah gall argued that the silverty of a correctional institution is influenced by all of the following except
The presence of an engaged news media providing oversight
The concept that allows for an unintended bad consequence as long as the means and end are good is called the
The principle of double effect
The view that an individual has no rights unless these race are specified in the Constitution or have been created by some other legal source is referred to as
The strict constitutionist philosophy
There are 2 basic philosophies regarding how to apply constitutional principles
The strict constructionist and the interpretationist
Which of the following does not describe one of the suyol's types a probation and parole officers
The torturer
Which of the following theories of ethical management argues that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management
The trickle down theory
What is persuasion?
The use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance.
The pluralist paradigm reflects the idea that
There are many groups in society and that they form allegiances and coalitions In a dynamic exchange of power
what is a criticism of the crime control method of policing?
There is a possibility of error
According to the conflict paradigm
Those who control major social institutions determine how crime is defined
In biker and Carter proposed type allergy of lies those that are considered necessary evils are known as
Tolerated lies
The 2 contacts that the text sites as being a response to Deviant behavior
Treatment and punishment
If a public defender is not available the judge can appoint a local private attorney to represent the defendant
True
Is it difficult for a lawyer to withdraw from representing a client
True
Madre versus Gomez stemmed in part from the death of 30 prisoners of medical negligence in California correctional institutions
True
The Supreme Court has upheld the use of 3 strike laws
True
The case of Brown versus plata resulted in the release of numerous California and mace to relieve overcrowding
True
The ethics of care is consistent with restorative Justice
True
The most common church leveled against prosecutors are brandy violation
True
The prisoner's right era of the 1970s gave way to the due Different era of today where courts are more opt to defer to prison officials
True
The trickle down theory of ethnical management is that correctional officers which Treat inmates the way they perceive they're being treated by management
True
the law enforcement code of ethics is focused more directly on the public servent role, as opposed to the crime fighter role
True
Which Supreme Court case is the current Basis for evaluation of entrepment
United States v. Russell
deterrence is the central theme of what theroy
Utilitarian
the concept of "just deserts" is primary concern of:
Utilitarian theory
Prevention goals are consistent with
Utilitarianism
In the 1980s recognization of enemies by correctional officers decrease but was followed by arise in
Violence from racial games
According to suyal's type algae which type of probation and parole officer may have a tendency to violate a client's rate of privacy and autonomy
Welfare/therapeutic worker
Confirmation bias refers to
When a specific suspect has been fixated upon and investigators ignore other possibilities
Brandy violations refer to
With holding exculpatory evidence
To improve the ethical climate of an agency circle advocates all except
Wrinkly auditing the job performance of supervisory staff
which of the folowing situations is not an example of an ethical issue
a prosecutr deciding which charges to file in a particular case
the classical father confessor approach to interrogations involves:
a sympathetic figure dor the defendent to confide to
in an agent in joe's office reports joe's actions, that agent would be referred to as:
a whistleblower
becuase ethical formalism requires moral behavior regardless of the circumstances, it can be considered an_____system
absolutist
Souryal defines malfeasance as
acts that violate authority
According to Bandura, self-regulation can be "turned off", leading to inhumane acts, thruogh cognitive restructuring via several different mechanism, which of the following isn't one of these mechanism
advantageous labeling
to be criticla thinker one must ask which of the following types of questions?
all of these are correct
which of the follwoing is cited by the authorites as evidence of the militarization of the police?
all of these are correct
Mary's situation is an example of:
an ethical dilemma
a structure set of principles that defines what is moral is refered to as:
an ethical system
Which of the following is not one of the ethical dilemmas of prison psychologists discussed by haag
anonmymity
according ti the chapter,which of the follwoing isn't valid component of civil disobedience?
any action must be approved by the majority of the community
by relating his etihical principles to this specific issue, the judge is providing an example of__
applied ethics
which of the following conditions isn't required to justify war
approval to move foward must be unanimous among other nations
Retributive justoce is best described by what term?
balance
according to the "cooruption continuum" organizations can become corrupt through all of the following except:
charismatice leadership
which is one of the "Six Pillars of Characyer" promulgated by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?
citizenship
the voluntary breaking of established laws based on ne's moral belefs is called
civil disobedience
in relation to community polcing and ethics, all of the following is true except:
community-policing models often foster more corruption than traditional law enforemnt models
_____ are often put into place to guard against ethics problems but some have the unintended effcts of actually increasing unethcal behavior
complince systems
In terms of undercover operations ethical formalism would most likely:
condemn undercover operations where innocent people are deceived because the actions could not be justified under the categorical imperative
which type of jutice is most closely associated with discussion of criminal law?
corrective
the use of facts and objective reasoning to most effective;y reach a decision or understand a problem is known as___
critical thinking
in this instance, their society's definitions differ from the american defitions, this an example of:
cultural relativism
by telling the recuits that their victims are lesser class people and calling them an isluting names, the leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?
dehumanization
which of the following isn't one of Braswell's reasons to study ethics
develop hindsight
which of the following statements about developmemt theories is true
developmental theories propose that individuals mature phyiscally, mentally, and emotionally
the other coaches who felt they had done their duty by passing the information ip the chain demostrates a
diffusion of responsibilty
by allowing the first couple to eave without being cited, despite the fact that technically they were guilty of an infraction, the officer was exhibiting
discretion
the volunteers accept the instuctions of their leader and intend to carry out the mission, theyhav no ethical reervations, as they have been trained to follow oders. which method of cognitve resturcturing are the volunteers employing
displacement of responsibility
required behaviors or actions that the responsibilities are attached to a specific role known as___
duties
____ is the responsibilities that are attached to a specific role
duty
according to the tect. all of the following methods would help the new chief weaken the xisting subculture except:
emphasizing formal ethics training in the police academy
The continuum of force approach allows the officer to
employ increasing levels of force in direct response to escalating resistance of the suspect
what police ethical training has shown to be effective in New Orleans?
epic
Cohen and Felderg proposed five ethical standards that can be derived from social contract between society and the individuals, which if the following isn't one of these standards
equality
tyler defined the perception of legitimate procedural jusitce as containing all of the following execpt?
equality
the concept of justice is mostly closely related to:
ethical formalism
which ethical systems has benn described as "feminine"
ethics of care
an ethical systems which bases ethics largely upon one's character and possession of certain valued qualities is:
ethics of virture
You have an abundance of physical events that points to the defendant but you also discover that a set of superints sprout the scene matches another person this will be an example of
exculpatory evidence
Depo-provera is a substance that is aministered by injection to psychotic prisoners to prevent them from causing harm to themselves or others
false
Edward Snowden worked for the cia
false
Kant emphasized that a bad act would be considered ethical if it resulted in a good consequence
false
ethical sstems are the same as moral rule
false
researchers indicates the use-of-force incidents are evenly distributed among all patrol officers
false
the just war debate is concerned with the inevitability of war
false
values are capable od scientific proof
false
a teleological response to the situation would require George to:
fight hard aginst h\the robber, regardless of the injury he might inflict
Souryal argued that there are different kinds of loyalty to superiors or to fellow officers, including all of the following except:
fragmented loyalty
the judge has determined that john is not to be held responible becuase he lacks___
free will
opponents to your bill would cite John Stuart Mill and would say that your proposed law is a bad idea sine violators aren't actually harming anyone. your proposed law would violate Mill's:
harm principle
which of the following statements about human right-based policing is false
human rights-base policing standards are monitored by th united nations
which statement about hypoyhetical imperatives is true?
hypothetical imperative are commands that designate certain actions to attain certain ends
in the case of Clark v. Martinez, the US supreme court held that the government may not indefinitely detain _____ without some due process
illegal immigrants
which of the following is a characteristic of system 1 decision making?
immediate
the neighbor who entered the burning house was frightned but has always valued the concept of heroism. Now he faced with the opportunity, he chose to act heroically, in this example, heroism is an eample of an___
imperfect duty
according to the text, the most common reasons for false convistictions included all of the following except:
inaccurate reporting in the media
which of the following isn't cited by scheingold as part of the police sunculture?
institutionalized racism
An approach to the Constitution that uses a loser reading of the document is called
interpretatist philosophy
which of the following statement about the principle of forefeiture is false?
it holds that self-defense is morally unacceptable
rendition are
kidnappings
The Supreme Court case which defined treatment of offenders is
knecht v Gillmore
all of the follwing elemts of Trautman's "corruption continuum" seem to be present in the description of the Penn State found in the chapter, expect:
lack of punished Code of ethics for the organization
modeling and reinforement are both elements of:
learning theory
You try to convice opponents to support your proposed lay by pointinh out that sometimes it's the job of the govnerment and the law to do what is best for people, even if they may not want to do it for themsleves. your decription is an example of:
legal paternalism
which theory of dixtructive jusitce specifically emphasizes entitlement over need?
libertarian
Bomse considers sexual harassment:
malicious or purposeful abuse
Your client tells you that he has a friend that you can call as a witness even though this friend was not actually present at the instant he is willing to claim that he saw the altercation and will testify and without a weapon you refuse to call a witness that you know will not tell the truth this action would indicate your view that you're serving as your clients
moral agent
by referring to the recruitd as "martyrs" and saying that their mission will serve a higher purpose, leaders are using which methid of cognitive resturcturing?
moral justification
the concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations is called:
moral pluralism
Bazerman and Tenbrunel would refer to joe's decision as:
motivated blindness
most behaviors that might be judg as ethical or unethical for criminal justice professionals fall into four categories. which of the following is not one of these 4 categories
off-duty drug use
procedural jutice is ecidenced most fully in:
our legal system
And an informant may do what without proposing the threat of being unreliable
participate in a crime
Medical personnel sometimes adopt the what philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of service because of a belief that they do not deserve treatment
penal harm
the united nations issued numerous sanctions against iraq. seeking approval and cooperation from these international bodies before beginning the invasion is consistent with:
positicist law
if the chief invest in new tech such as GIS mapping software and data analysis tools, in order to better deploy police resources, this would be known as:
predicitve policing
the concepts of community policing, problem-oriented policing, and accountability mechanisms are components of which model of policing?
preventive policing
what component of justice concerns itslef with the steps taken to determin guilt?
procedural jutstice
an on-duty lifeguard who runs into the ocean to rescue a drowning kid, risking their own life to do so, has performed a___
professional duty
according to Packer, which of the following is onof the principles under which the due process model operates?
protection of the process is as important as protection of citizens
the goals of community reparatove boards include all the following except:
provide an opportunity for th community to enact changes in the law to match their local customs
"driving while black" is a term that describes the experience of
racial profiling
what brain process might be influenced by stress and cause workers to act immorally
rationality
the operation describes in this case be described as a
reactive investigation
this experiment lends credence to the power of:
reinforcement
according to the text, the last step necessary to clarify any delimma is to___
resolve the ethical dilemma by using means of decision making
___ is an approach to corrective jutisce that focuses on meeting the needs of offenders as well as victims
restorative justice
the jude believes that sam has caused harm and should be punsihed for it. this sentence is consistent with the idea of:
retributive justice
according to the text, the first step necessary to clarify any dilemma is to___
review all of the facts
procedural protections that are part of due process include all of the following expect?
right to restart proceedings
What are the 2 major areas of judicial discretion
sentencing And interpretation of law
A survey of police chiefs found that they recommend that ethics training should focuse on _____ rahter thn rules
shared values and problem solving
waterboarding
simulates drowning
george has always professed non-violence, but in this instance, he fight the robber to protect his kid. technically, by fighting he is violating his moral belief that one should be non-violent. his decision to fight in this instance is an example of:
situational ethics
which of the following statements about abu ghrabi is false
soldiers responsibilities for the abuses successfully used the "superior orders" defense escaped prosecution
in which of Kolberg's moral stages do individuals control their behavior so as to not hurt other's feelings or be thought of as bad?
stage 3
Which of the following would be least receptive to the concept of natural rights
strict constructionists
what isn't one of kohlberg's moral stages
super-conventional level
the neighbor who entered the burning house was performing a___
supererogatory action
what is discretion?
the authority to make a decision between two or more choices
when he arrived at the sence, the suspect was in custidy and Roland was reading him his rights. this is an example of:
the blue curtain of secrecy
krogstand and robertson described three principles of ethical decision making, which include all of the following except:
the caring principle
what does a teleological ethical system judge?
the consequences of an act
in his norteworth dissent in IN RE TROY ANTHONY DAVIS, justice scalia argued
the consitiution doesn't forbid the execution of the innocent
Aristotle is most closely associated with:
the ethics of virtue
in order to support such a plan from a utilitarian viewpoint, all of the follwoing must be true, excpet
the general community must be consulted and indicated its approval
the law enforcemnt code of ethics and the oath of honor were developed by:
the international association of chiefs of police
the falsifying of an affidavit to get an offender off the street is an example of:
the magical pencil
the term eithcs is referred
the study and analysis if what constitutes good or bad conducts
key elements of community justice models include all of the following excpet?
the unsihment imposed by the community should be equal or greater severity than the crime itslef
which of the following statements about values is false?
the value of survivial is unique to western ethical systems
according to Beccaria's and Bentham's utilitarian rationale, punishment should be based on:
ther seriousness of the crime
What recent research has led to the indication that the "blue curtain of secrecy" is breaking down?
there are more women and minorities on the force
The "doctrine of necessity" argues that
there must be secrecy concerning interrogation tactics so they can be more effective.
boss decribed unjust laws as having several characteristics, what is not one of those?
they are universal
Jonathan Haidt compares the relationship between emotions and rationality to:
thunder and lighting
The protect America act was passed in 2007, allowing the government
to wiretap, without a warrant, anyone suspected of being linked to a terrorist group.
which of the following statements would be consistent with jeremy betham's philosophy of utilitarianism?
toturing a suspect as part of an interrogation would be justifiable if it saved lives
European law enforcement seems to be more committed to a rights-based polocing model even though they have been dealing with terrorism longer than the us
true
Kohlberg' initital work excluded females
true
Positivist law refers to law made by human begins
true
U.S. Supreme Court has defined legal force as force that is objectively reasonable
true
according to Gilligan, most men analyze moral decision with rules or jusitce orientation
true
attorney Gneral Jeff Sessions has increased the supervisory role of the the DOJ in order to address use-of-force policies of police departments throughout the country
true
giving someone a car becuase they need it is a good act according to ethical formalism, even if he later dies in a crash becuase the brakes failed
true
imperfect duties are general duties that should be updated but don't have a specific application as to when or how
true
in asset forfeiture cases, most property seized through civil assets forfeiture actions that requires less due process than criminal
true
in the case of Boumediene v. Bush, the supreme court ruled that the military commissions established by condress weren't sufficient to ensure due process
true
in the case of Clark v. Martinez, the supreme court held that the us couldn't indefinitely hold illegal aliens without some due process
true
in the early days of american policing, the police performed social services such as housing indigents and running soup kitchens
true
most ethical dilemmas that police officers face derive from their powers of discretion
true
one of the key principle of Packer's crime control model is that repression of criminal behavior is more important than procedural justice
true
police officers have the power to deprive people of their liberties and the power to decide which individuals to investigate
true
protection of public morality is the rationale for some laws, which involves drug, gambling, and prostitution.
true
studies cited in the text show that police choose not to make an arrest in a large number of cases where an arrest would be legally justified
true
telling a lie to someone who doesn't deserve the truth is not a lie according to ethical formalism
true
the conflict paradigm states that law isn't value-netural; its bent toward the interest of the powerful
true
the idea of critical thinking is to be more cognizant of facts as opposed to concepts, assupmtions
true
the primary distinction between ethical issues and ethical dilemmas is that issues are broad and deliemmas are specific
true
the principle of double effect would justify a bombing that resulted in the death of civilians if the target was a legitimate miliarty target
true
under the ethics of virtue philosophy, its possible to have an excess of honor, truth, or shame
true
this citizen is making the ____ argument against the policy
universality
The warden considers covering up the situation with the rational that it is ethical to sacrifice the well being of a few officers to protect the repetition of the entire institution this would be an application of the what viewpoint
utilitarian
Generally undercover actions are analyzed
utilitarianism
The judge rejects your motion to prevent their weapon from being used in trial she agreed that technically the warrant did not specifically included the area of the woodpile but feels that the minor violation was not worth taking the chance that the prosecutor might end up losing the case and her view society is better served by allowing the weapon to be used as evidence then it would be if the defendant is allowed to go free this decision represents which ethical belief
utilitarianism
if her prupose waas rehabilitate sam so that the community would benefit be removing his need to commite crimes, this would be considered?
utilitarianism
in america, state, federal, and local government have enacted laws to protect forest from destruction. through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though individuals may be negatively affected. by meeting the needs of the overall community, these laws exhibit:
utilitarianism
the tendency to ignore contrary evidence or overstate existing evidence when investigaors believe they have the guilty part is a likely practice of
utilitarians
which of the following might not be included in the discusiion regarding the ethics of defense attorneys?
whether to take gratuities
under the doctrine of "command responsibility"
you are responsible for war crimes committed by your soldiers.
