Cumulative Exam

The compound CaSO4 ionized into a calcium ion and a sulfate ion (SO4). Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell. Upon ionization, what would you expect the charge on the sulfate ion to be?

-2

A cell entering the cell cycle with 32 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each with ______.

32 chromosomes in each of the daughter cells

A neutral atom of chlorine has an atomic number of 17. It has ____ electrons in its third shell.

7

You would know that a dividing cell rather than an animal cell if you saw that ______.

If had formed a cell plate

A molecule that has all non polar covalent bonds would be _____.

Hydrophobic

What are no polar molecules that cluster away from water molecules called?

Hydrophobic

What are the 4 most abundant elements found in living systems?

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

From the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS it is clear that _____.

A decrease in the systems total energy will increase the probability of spontaneous change, increasing the entropy of a system will increase the probability of spontaneous change, and increasing the temperature of a system will increase the probability of spontaneous change

In the inherited disorder Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ______.

A multifunctional relay protein involved with the proliferation of immune cells is defective

In which of the following will isotopes of an element always differ?

Atomic mass

During the transduction of a signal, one molecule or ion may be closely associated with the activity of another. Which of the following pairs correctly combines two associated molecules?

Calcium, IP3; cAMP, protein kinase A; cAMP, adenylyl cyclase; DAG, IP3

Which of the following statements is true about cell fractionation?

Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize, those of malignant tumors do

If a compound that allows protons to freely diffuse across membranes is added to cells that are actively metabolizing glucose via cellular respiration, which of the following processes would stop?

Chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP

What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?

DNA ligase

Which of the following observations and inferences led Charles Darwin to his theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

Darwin synthesized this theory of natural selection from all of the listed observations and inferences

During interphase, the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is _____.

Dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin

Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps?

Electrogenic pumps create a voltage difference across the membrane

Tissue culture experiments with PDGF demonstrate that without this substance __________.

Fibroblasts fail to divide

Which of the following dissociation is that of an acid?

HF— H+ +F-

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.

Have no membrane bound organelles in their cytoplasm

Each ATP molecule contains about 1% of the amount of chemical energy available from the complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule. Cellular respiration produces about 32 ATP from one glucose molecule. What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose?

It is converted to heat

A molecule becomes more oxidizes when it ______.

Loses an electron

When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle also eventually stop working. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?

NAD+ and FAD are no available for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in _____ through linear electron flow. The light reactions also produce _____ and ______.

NADPH...ATP... oxygen

Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in the structure and function of biological membranes is correct?

Phospholipids from a selectively permeable structure

Which type of organisms within the domain Eukarya is composed of organisms that are generally unicellular?

Protists

The free energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP can be used to perform many kinds of cellular work. Which of the following is an example of the cellular work involved in the production of electrochemical gradients?

Proton movement against a gradient of protons

Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?

Reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria

Which of the following statements about replication origins are correct?

Replication proceeds in both directions, the DNA sequence at the origin of replication is recognized by specific proteins that bind to the origin, bacterial chromosomes have a single origin of replication, but eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins, the two strands of DNA at the origin of replication are separated, creating a replication bubble

You can fill a glass of water to just slightly above the rim without spilling over the glass. What property of water best explains this phenomenon?

Surface tension

DNA replication occurs in _____.

The S phase of interphase

Which of the following is an example of the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological reactions?

The aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose produced 6 molecules each of carbon dioxide and water

There is no production of carbon dioxide in glycolysis. Which of the following is the best explanation for this fact?

The products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as the starting material

In liver cell, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. As the signal transduction pathway progresses, _____.

The signal is amplified

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1g of any substance by 1C is defined as ______.

The specific heat of that substance

Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?

Thylakoid membranes

Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the shape of an enzymatic protein?

Treating the protein with a chemical that breaks hydrogen bonds, Heating the protein, denaturing the protein, a change in salt concentration of pH

Cells are surrounded by water, with which they are mostly filled. Which of the following occurs as a result?

Waste products produced by cell metabolism can be easily removed, the temperature of living things tends to change relatively slow, and a variety of nutrient molecules is readily available as dissolves solutes

The information in DNA is contained in __________.

the sequence of nucleotides along the length of the two strands of the DNA molecule