Cytokines - from Pathoma
IL-2
CD8+ T cell activator & T cell growth activator; produced by TH1 cells
Platelet-derived growth factor
Growth factor for endothelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts
CD1
Histiocytes (includes Langerhans cells)
IFNγ
macrophage activator (--> epithelioid histioctyes & giant cells); produced by TH1 cells
CD34
marker of hematopoietic stem cell
PGE2
mediates pain (sensitizes nerve endings; along with bradykinin) & fever
B7
on APC - binds w/ CD28 on CD4+ TH cell as first signal for activation of CD4+ TH cells
CD40
on B cell - binding to CD40L on TH cell is 2nd activation signal for B cell
CD28
on CD4+ TH cell - binds w/ B7 on APC as second signal for activation of CD4+ TH cell
CD40L
on TH cell - binding to CD40 on B cell is B cell's 2nd activation signal
C3b
opsonin for phagocytosis
bradykinin
pain - sensitizes nerve endings (along with PGE2)
CD3
part of T cell receptor
Vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) Important for angiogenesis
CD55
DAF (protects RBC against complement damage by inactivating C3 convertase
TGF-α
Epithelial & fibroblast growth factor
CD95
FAS death receptor on target cell; bound by FASL --> activates caspases --> apoptosis
CD16
Fc receptor, helps neutrophil recognize Ig (opsonin); decreased in immature neutrophils
Fibroblast growth factor
Important for angiogenesis; mediates skeletal development
leukotrienes
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 - slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis - seen in ASTHMA; mediate vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increased vessel permeability
CD10
Marker for the most common leukemia in children (ALL) = CALL Ag (common ALL Ag)
CD5
Normally expressed on T cells, but expressed aberrently in CLL
CD45
On ALL LEUKOCYTES
CD21
On B cells - EBV hooks into this
CD15, CD30
Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma; NOT CD20+!!
CD14
TLR on macrophage that recognizes LPS
C3a
activates mast cells
C5a
activates mast cells; chemotactic for neutrophils; upregulates integrin on leukoyctes
TGF-β
anti-inflammatory cytokine
IL-10
anti-inflammatory cytokine; secreted by TH2 cells, inhibits TH1 phenotype
IL-8
chemotactic for neutrophils; produced by macrophages to continue acute inflammation
C5b
complexes w/ C6-C9 to form MAC
CD18
defective subunit in leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
IL-5
eosinophil chemotaxis & activation, maturation of B cells to plasma cells, class switching to IgA
IL-4
facilitates B-cell class-switching to IgG & IgE; produced by TH2 cells
TNF
involved in fever along w/ IL-1; released by macrophages, cause inc. in COX activity in perivascular cells of hypothalamus; induces E selectin; upregulate ICAM & VCAM
IL-1
involved in fever along w/ TNF; released by macrophages, cause inc. in COX activity in perivascular cells of hypothalamus; induces E selectin; upregulate ICAM & VCAM
IL-12
secreted by macrophages , inducing CD4+ TH cells to differentiate into the TH1 subtype
NFκB
upregulated after TLR activation --> activates immune response
LTB4
upregulates integrin on leukoyctes; chemotactic for neutrophils
