Cytokines - from Pathoma

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IL-2

CD8+ T cell activator & T cell growth activator; produced by TH1 cells

Platelet-derived growth factor

Growth factor for endothelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts

CD1

Histiocytes (includes Langerhans cells)

IFNγ

macrophage activator (--> epithelioid histioctyes & giant cells); produced by TH1 cells

CD34

marker of hematopoietic stem cell

PGE2

mediates pain (sensitizes nerve endings; along with bradykinin) & fever

B7

on APC - binds w/ CD28 on CD4+ TH cell as first signal for activation of CD4+ TH cells

CD40

on B cell - binding to CD40L on TH cell is 2nd activation signal for B cell

CD28

on CD4+ TH cell - binds w/ B7 on APC as second signal for activation of CD4+ TH cell

CD40L

on TH cell - binding to CD40 on B cell is B cell's 2nd activation signal

C3b

opsonin for phagocytosis

bradykinin

pain - sensitizes nerve endings (along with PGE2)

CD3

part of T cell receptor

Vascular endothelial growth factor

(VEGF) Important for angiogenesis

CD55

DAF (protects RBC against complement damage by inactivating C3 convertase

TGF-α

Epithelial & fibroblast growth factor

CD95

FAS death receptor on target cell; bound by FASL --> activates caspases --> apoptosis

CD16

Fc receptor, helps neutrophil recognize Ig (opsonin); decreased in immature neutrophils

Fibroblast growth factor

Important for angiogenesis; mediates skeletal development

leukotrienes

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 - slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis - seen in ASTHMA; mediate vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increased vessel permeability

CD10

Marker for the most common leukemia in children (ALL) = CALL Ag (common ALL Ag)

CD5

Normally expressed on T cells, but expressed aberrently in CLL

CD45

On ALL LEUKOCYTES

CD21

On B cells - EBV hooks into this

CD15, CD30

Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma; NOT CD20+!!

CD14

TLR on macrophage that recognizes LPS

C3a

activates mast cells

C5a

activates mast cells; chemotactic for neutrophils; upregulates integrin on leukoyctes

TGF-β

anti-inflammatory cytokine

IL-10

anti-inflammatory cytokine; secreted by TH2 cells, inhibits TH1 phenotype

IL-8

chemotactic for neutrophils; produced by macrophages to continue acute inflammation

C5b

complexes w/ C6-C9 to form MAC

CD18

defective subunit in leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

IL-5

eosinophil chemotaxis & activation, maturation of B cells to plasma cells, class switching to IgA

IL-4

facilitates B-cell class-switching to IgG & IgE; produced by TH2 cells

TNF

involved in fever along w/ IL-1; released by macrophages, cause inc. in COX activity in perivascular cells of hypothalamus; induces E selectin; upregulate ICAM & VCAM

IL-1

involved in fever along w/ TNF; released by macrophages, cause inc. in COX activity in perivascular cells of hypothalamus; induces E selectin; upregulate ICAM & VCAM

IL-12

secreted by macrophages , inducing CD4+ TH cells to differentiate into the TH1 subtype

NFκB

upregulated after TLR activation --> activates immune response

LTB4

upregulates integrin on leukoyctes; chemotactic for neutrophils


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