Dc biology test #2

What is the most difficult problem animals face when living on land?

Desiccation

The epidermis of an animal is derived from which germ layer?

Ectoderm

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

External respiratory surfaces

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

What is the pattern of cleavage for protostomes?

Spiral

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates.

Which animal is an example of a deuterostome?

sea star

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

molecular systematics suggest that complex molecules evolved only once and thus animals would have evolved only once. What kind of group does this suggest that animals are?

Monophyletic

Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells?

algae

As bilateral symmetry evolved, natural selection led to which of the following?

cephalization

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

sea star

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

sponge larvae are motile

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

the animal molts

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

What regulatory gene has been identified in all the bilateral animal groups, can thus provide insights about evolutionary relationships among bilateral animals?

Hox genes

Which of the following genes were similar in the last common ancestor of all bilateral animals?

Hox genes

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

What are all specialized cells organized into within more complex animals?

Tissues

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

squids

Which of the following protostomes does NOT have a coelom?

tapeworms

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.

Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement?

It functions as an endoskeleton.

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding segmentation?

It is an example of heteroplasy.

Why is osmoregulation an issue for animals living in fresh water?

It requires an expenditure in energy

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

coelom—nο body cavity

The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix and an important shared derived characteristic of animals is:

collagen

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.

Which of the following are NOT protostomes?

milkfish

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.

protostomes- spiral cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, determinate cleavage deuterostomes- radial cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, indeterminate cleavage

Which of the following is characteristic to most protostomes?

Cell division tends to be via spiral cleavage

Lining of digestive structures The inner germ layer, or ectoderm, forms which of the following structures?

Lining of digestive structures

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

What is a challenge for animals living in fresh water lake?

Maintaining osmotic balance

As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?

Molecular data

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

Polyplacophora

All cnidarians have what form of body plan?

Radial

Within a bilateral body plan, which surface is the underside (belly) structure of an animal?

Ventral surface

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods.

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception?

flatworms

Bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following?

locomotion

Most mollusks are:

marine

What ability has caused the lobster to be classified as a member of the Ecdysozoa clade?

molt

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm