(DEP4164) Chapter 12

40. Judy is able to walk a 2-inch-wide balance beam, hop and jump accurately into small squares, and perform jumping-jacks. Judy is at least ___ years old. A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13

A. 7

7. Which of the following statements regarding population differences in growth among school-age children is FALSE? A. By age 6, white girls have more muscle and bone mass than African American girls. B. Hispanic girls have a higher percentage of body fat than white girls who are of the same size. C. African American boys and girls tend to grow faster than white children do. D. African American girls have more muscle and bone mass than Hispanic girls do.

A. By age 6, white girls have more muscle and bone mass than African American girls.

36. Based on current research, of the following school-aged children, who is likely to get the most sleep? A. Katya, a young girl B. Sabine, an older girl C. Gustavo, a young boy D. Tobias, an older boy

A. Katya, a young girl

17. Claudette has an fMRI and her doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the part of her brain beneath the cortex and part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement, muscle tone, attention, and emotional states. Claudette's doctor is referring to what part of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Parietal lobes C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe

A. Occipital lobe

14. A technique designed to prevent decay on the rough, chewing surfaces of children's teeth involves the use of: A. adhesive sealants B. fluoride treatments C. abrasive cleaning products D. tooth sanding

A. adhesive sealants

6. Elizabeth is receiving injections of growth hormone to increase her height. These hormones: A. are recommended only for children whose bodies are naturally deficient in the hormone. B. need to be administered for 6-12 months to achieve maximum benefit. C. are a safe technique for parents who want to give their children an advantage in life. D. are risky and not recommended, even for children with growth disorders.

A. are recommended only for children whose bodies are naturally deficient in the hormone.

28. In middle childhood, some of the cognitive advances that can be traced back to changes in the brain's structure and functioning are undoubtedly due to the connections between neurons thickening and myelinating. This process A. begins in the frontal lobes and moves toward the back of the brain. B. begins in the occipital lobe and moves towards the front of the brain. C. begins in several sporadic places around the brain at once. D. cannot be tracked with current technology.

A. begins in the frontal lobes and moves toward the back of the brain.

53. Eight-year-old Agnes was diagnosed with asthma three years ago. Her condition is referred to as a(n) _____ medical condition. A. chronic B. acute C. degenerative D. longitudinal

A. chronic

67. Colton has a history of getting into fights, being expelled from school, and recently broke into a house in his neighborhood. He has also been brought home by the police on several occasions for damaging public property. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like Colton may have _____. A. conduct disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. oppositional defiant disorder D. autism

A. conduct disorder

75. Nadine is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance. Her therapist has her talk about her feelings and her personality. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like he is receiving _____. A. individual psychotherapy B. family therapy C. art therapy D. behavior therapy

A. individual psychotherapy

26. One of the reasons school-age children are faster thinkers and able to filter out distracting information better than younger children is _____. A. myelination B. decrease in white matter C. increase in density of gray matter D. fewer axons

A. myelination

31. Many children do not eat breakfast and get at least ___ of their calories from snacks. A. 1/4 B. 1/3 C. 1/2 D. 2/3

B. 1/3

33. The recommended amount of sleep for first through fifth graders is _____ hours. A. 8-9 B. 10-11 C. 12-13 D. 14-15

B. 10-11

55. According to a nationwide survey of 200,000 households, _____ percent of children under the age of 18 have chronic medical conditions. A. 6 B. 12.8 C. 18 D. 25

B. 12.8

46. Boys spend twice as much time participating in team sports as girls do, and the disparity widens as children grow. Overall, 9-13 year olds' participation in organized sports is about _______ percentage. A. 26 B. 38 C. 17 D. 78

B. 38

70. Social phobia affects _______ percent of children. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15

B. 5

10. Children are first introduced to the magic of the Tooth Fairy when their primary teeth begin to fall out at about age _____. A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

B. 6

15. There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children. For example, around the ages of _____, the volume of gray matter in the caudate, a part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement and muscle tone, peaks. A. 5 in girls and age 7 in boys B. 7 in girls and age 10 in boys C. 9 in girls and age 12 in boys D. 11 in girls and age 12 in boys

B. 7 in girls and age 10 in boys

41. Ahmed is able to hop in a 2-2, 2-3, or 3-3 pattern. He can also play a wide variety of games at this age. Ahmed is at least ___ years old. A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

B. 8

34. The average reported amount of sleep for first through fifth grader is _____ hours. A. 8-9 B. 9-10 C. 10-11 D. 12-13

B. 9-10

37. Based on current research, of the following school-aged children, who is likely to get the least amount of sleep? A. A child with a TV in his room B. A child with a lot of family stress C. A child with a set bedtime D. A child that stalls going to sleep

B. A child with a lot of family stress

48. Research supports which of the following statements about childhood obesity? A. Adoption studies suggest that heredity is not an important factor in obesity. B. Children with overweight parents tend to be overweight. C. A positive correlation exists between activity level and weight gain. D. Television viewing is weakly associated with weight gain.

B. Children with overweight parents tend to be overweight.

66. Wyatt has been diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD). What is NOT a typical behavior of children with this disorder? A. Setting fires B. Excessive shyness C. Truancy D. Fighting, snatching things, and hostility toward authority

B. Excessive shyness

65. Which is NOT a typical behavior of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? A. Going beyond the bounds of normal childhood behavior B. Excessive shyness C. Frequent loss of temper C. Fighting, snatching things, and hostility toward authority

B. Excessive shyness C. Frequent loss of temper

25. _____ matter is composed of closely packed neurons in the cerebral cortex and _____ matter is made of glial cells, which provide support for neurons. A. White; gray B. Gray; white C. Myelinated; axon D. Axon; myelinated

B. Gray; white

8. Which of the following statements about growth hormone is FALSE? A. Growth hormone has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for healthy children. B. Growth hormone has been identified as effective treatment for obese children. C. The use of growth hormone has been met with some controversy. D. Growth hormone has been identified as effective treatment for children with short stature.

B. Growth hormone has been identified as effective treatment for obese children.

13. Which of the following seems to be the best reason for the marked decrease in children's tooth decay during the past 20 years? A. More regular brushing and flossing B. Increased use of sealants on the rough, chewing surfaces C. Improved nutrition and eating habits D. None of these; tooth decay is on the rise.

B. Increased use of sealants on the rough, chewing surfaces

19. Ziaul has an fMRI and his doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of his brain partially involved in dealing with spatial understanding. The doctor is referring to what part of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Parietal lobe C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe

B. Parietal lobe

52. Jason has a cold. His pediatrician tells his mother that the cold will probably last for two days. Given the short-term nature of Jason's illness, we would say that he suffers from a(n) _____ medical condition. A. chronic B. acute C. transitional D. age-related

B. acute

30. All of the following are contributing factors to children's unhealthy eating habits EXCEPT A. school vending machines. B. changes in food labeling and daily allowance recommendations. C. television and other advertisements for low-nutrition snacks. D. family influences and eating habits at home.

B. changes in food labeling and daily allowance recommendations.

58. Ty is experiencing increased thirst and urination, hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. Ty's doctor will most likely test him for _____. A. hypertension B. diabetes C. asthma D. cancer

B. diabetes

4. Judgments of normal weight and body composition in middle-school-age children should be made cautiously because A. each child is unique and developmental norms are of little use. B. different ethnic groups and populations seem to differ in developmental rates. C. existing norms are based on data collected in the 1920s and 1930s and may be inapplicable today. D. averages and norms for children's height have not been firmly established.

B. different ethnic groups and populations seem to differ in developmental rates.

68. Tabitha worries about everything: school, grades, earthquakes and many other things. She is excessively concerned about how she is regarded by others. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like Tabitha may have _____. A. conduct disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive compulsive disorder D. depression

B. generalized anxiety disorder

45. Rough-and-tumble play seems to be universal. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that rough-and-tumble play evolved to A. provide physical exercise. B. help children jockey for dominance in their peer group. C. assess an opponent's strength. D. provide practice in skills used in fighting and hunting.

B. help children jockey for dominance in their peer group.

44. Most parents can probably tell you that rough-and-tumble play reaches its peak during A. early childhood. B. middle childhood. C. adolescence. D. none of the above.

B. middle childhood.

3. By age 11, the average child, both males and females, weigh about _____ pounds. A. 65 B. 80 C. 100 D. 115

C. 100

11. Sally's primary teeth have been falling out at a rate of about four each year. This process will probably continue until she is approximately ___ years old. A. 15 B. 13 C. 11 D. 8

C. 11

5. Today, the average 10-year-old weighs 11 pounds more than the average 10-year-old did ___ years ago. A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50

C. 40

9. The primary teeth begin to fall out at age _____ and are replaced by permanent teeth. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

C. 6

54. An average school-age child experiences _____ bouts a year with colds, the flu, or viruses. A. 1 to 2 B. 4 to 5 C. 6 to 7 D. 9 to 10

C. 6 to 7

63. _____ is (are) the leading cause of death in middle childhood. A. Medical errors B. Illnesses C. Accidents D. Poisoning

C. Accidents

21. Hunter has an fMRI and his doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of his brain partially involved in dealing with higher-order thinking. The doctor is referring to what part of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Parietal lobes C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe

C. Frontal lobe

2. Christina is beginning to feel like a giant among her classmates and thinks that something is wrong with her. Which of the following best describes children's height gain during middle childhood? A. Children's height typically increases about 6 inches a year until age 9, after which it remains stable until puberty. B. Children generally grow about 3 inches from the age of 6 until the adolescent growth spurt begins. C. School-age children grow an average of about 1 to 3 inches a year. D. School-age children grow an average of about 4 to 5 inches a year.

C. School-age children grow an average of about 1 to 3 inches a year.

59. Which child is most likely to stutter? A. a 7-year-old girl B. a 6-year-old boy C. a 10-year-old boy D. a 12-year-old girl

C. a 10-year-old boy

73. Quentin is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance. His therapist has him express himself through a variety of mediums and with a myriad of materials. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like Quentin is receiving _____. A. individual psychotherapy B. family therapy C. art therapy D. behavior therapy

C. art therapy

56. Christopher has been having sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties for the past seven months. A likely diagnosis for Christopher's condition is A. respiratory failure. B. panic attacks. C. asthma. D. pneumonia.

C. asthma.

24. The amount of gray matter in the _____ cortex is likely associated with differences in IQ. A. occipital B. parietal C. frontal D. temporal

C. frontal

47. By 9 years of age, girls tend to spend more time on _____ than boys do. A. sports B. video games C. homework D. cell phones

C. homework

49. Research has demonstrated that obesity is caused by A. inherited tendencies, such as a defective appetite-control gene. B. prenatal malnutrition. C. inactivity owing to sedentary lifestyles. D. all of the above.

C. inactivity owing to sedentary lifestyles.

57. From 1980 to 1995, the incidence of asthma has _____. A. decreased. B. increased. C. more than doubled. D. remained stable.

C. more than doubled.

69. Felicia has repeated intrusive thoughts and shows repetitive behaviors tied to those thoughts. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like Felicia may have _____. A. conduct disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive compulsive disorder D. depression

C. obsessive compulsive disorder

38. A common treatment for children with sleep-disordered breathing is A. nebulizer treatments. B. use of a sleep apnea machine (CPAP) C. surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils. D. sleeping on the back.

C. surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils.

42. Pierre is able to judge and intercept pathways of small balls thrown from a distance. This is greatly helping his baseball game. Pierre is at least ___ years old. A. 6 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

D. 10

18. There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children. For example, around the ages of _____, the volume of gray matter in the parietal lobes, an area of the brain involved in spatial understanding peaks. A. 5 in girls and age 7 in boys B. 7 in girls and age 10 in boys C. 9 in girls and age 12 in boys D. 11 in girls and age 12 in boys

D. 11 in girls and age 12 in boys

20. There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children. For example, around the ages of _____, the volume of gray matter in the frontal lobes, an area of the brain involved in higher-order functions peaks. A. 5 in girls and age 7 in boys B. 7 in girls and age 10 in boys C. 9 in girls and age 12 in boys D. 11 in girls and age 12 in boys

D. 11 in girls and age 12 in boys

32. Sleep needs decline from about ___ hours a day at age 5 to a little more than ___ hours a day by age 9. A. 8; 7 B. 9; 8 C. 10; 9 D. 11; 10

D. 11; 10

22. There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children. For example, around the ages of _____, the volume of gray matter in the temporal lobes, an area of the brain involved in language peaks. A. 5 in girls and age 7 in boys B. 7 in both boys and girls C. 9 in girls and age 12 in boys D. 16 for both girls and boys

D. 16 for both girls and boys

29. During middle childhood, children need on average about ___ calories a day to maintain healthy growth and activity levels. A. 1,200 B. 1,600 C. 2,000 D. 2,400

D. 2,400

50. Children who watch ___ hours of television a day are 4.6 times as likely to be overweight as those who watch 2 or less hours. A. 2.5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

D. 5

39. Which of the following statements about school-age children in non-literate societies and in industrialized societies is correct? A. Children in industrialized countries have more time for play. B. More children in non-literate countries go to work in middle childhood. C. Children in non-literate countries spend more time on household chores. D. All of the above are true.

D. All of the above are true.

51. A common medical problem of overweight children is high _____. A. cholesterol B. insulin levels C. blood pressure D. All of the above are true.

D. All of the above are true.

71. Which of the following statements about anxiety is FALSE? A. School phobia may be a type of separation anxiety. B. Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a manifestation of anxiety. D. Anxiety is more common among boys than girls.

D. Anxiety is more common among boys than girls.

35. Which of the following is NOT a common sleep problem for school-aged children? A. Insomnia B. Daytime sleepiness C. Resistance to go to bed D. Night terrors

D. Night terrors

23. Honor has an fMRI and her doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of her brain partially involved in dealing with language. He is referring to what part of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Parietal lobes C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe

D. Temporal lobe

27. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the cognitive advances seen in middle childhood that can be traced back to changes in the brain's structure and functioning? A. Loss of density of gray matter B. Increase in white matter C. Changes in the thickness of the cortex D. The thickening of the prefrontal cortex after age 10

D. The thickening of the prefrontal cortex after age 10

16. Brain development in middle childhood includes A. a loss in the density of gray matter. B. an increase in white matter. C. thickening of the cortex. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

61. Variations in school-age children's health are the result of A. differences in families' knowledge of health habits and preventive care. B. differences in families' income and the diets they eat. C. differing beliefs and attitudes about health and healing among various cultural and ethnic groups. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

64. To decrease childhood injuries, it is recommended that parents A. use child seats and/or seatbelts. B. have children use bike helmets. C. have working fire detectors in the home. D. attend to all of the above.

D. attend to all of the above.

74. Miriam is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance. Her therapist is using a system of rewards to get her to change her behaviors from undesirable ones to desirable ones. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like she is receiving _____. A. individual psychotherapy B. family therapy C. art therapy D. behavior therapy

D. behavior therapy

12. Between 1971 and 1994, the number of children ages 6 to 18 with untreated cavities has A. increased by 20 percent. B. decreased by 20 percent. C. increased by 80 percent. D. decreased by 80 percent.

D. decreased by 80 percent.

72. Yvonne is tired all the time, has sleep issues, and has physical complaints with no apparent cause. Based on what you have read in the text, it sounds like Yvonne may have _____. A. conduct disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive compulsive disorder D. depression

D. depression

62. Poor children, a disproportionate number who are minorities, are more likely than other children to A. be in fair or poor health B. have chronic conditions C. experience delayed medical care D. experience all of the above.

D. experience all of the above.

1. Although individual growth in middle childhood varies widely, one typical difference between school-age boys and school-age girls is that A. boys are nearly a head taller than girls. B. girls are nearly a head taller than boys. C. girls weigh less than boys throughout this period. D. girls retain more fatty tissue than boys do.

D. girls retain more fatty tissue than boys do.

60. Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to be a cause of stuttering? A. faulty training in articulation and breathing B. defective feedback about one's own speech C. pressure from parents to speak properly D. modeling of a playmate who stutters

D. modeling of a playmate who stutters

43. Jonathan and Vinnie are wrestling, hitting, and chasing each other. At the same time, they are laughing and screaming. Jonathan and Vinnie are engaged in _____. A. aggressive play B. evolutionary play C. dominance assertion D. rough-and-tumble play

D. rough-and-tumble play

100. Disease is the leading cause of death in middle childhood.

FALSE

101. Disruptive behavioral disorders are most common among young children.

FALSE

102. The most common mental health issue in middle childhood is anxiety disorders.

FALSE

85. Physical development in middle childhood is more middle childhood than in earlier years.

FALSE

87. The widespread use of fluoride has done little to help oral care in middle childhood. That is why a controversy exists.

FALSE

92. Approximately 1 in 50 children under 18 snores.

FALSE

94. Many children, mostly girls, engage in organized and competitive sports.

FALSE

99. Diabetes rates are decreasing in the United States.

FALSE

103. Anxiety disorders are more common among girls than boys.

TRUE

86. Sometimes in the case of short children without a hormone deficiency, a synthetic growth hormone may be prescribed.

TRUE

88. Brain growth in middle childhood is characterized by an increase in white matter and a decrease in gray matter.

TRUE

89. Proper nutrition is essential for normal growth.

TRUE

90. Many children lack enough sleep for healthy growth and development.

TRUE

91. Almost half of American children have a TV in their bedroom.

TRUE

93. About 10 percent of school children's free play is "rough-and-tumble."

TRUE

95. Research comparing children today to children in the early 1980s has found that today's youth spend less time on outdoor activities and more time on homework.

TRUE

96. An evolutionary advantage to rough-and-tumble play is that it provides a way to establish dominance in the peer group.

TRUE

97. Middle childhood is a relatively safe period; the death rate is the lowest in the life span.

TRUE

98. Concern with body image, especially among young girls, may lead to eating disorders.

TRUE