Diet & Nutrition Therapy: Chapter 6
the diuretic effect of alcohol is to _________ the excretion of body water
increase
non modifiable risk factors for CVD
increasing age family history of CVD
Fats and cholesterol are classifies as
lipids
A chylomicron is a type of
lipoprotein
describe the digestion and absorption of alcohol
no digestion is needed
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of
pancreatic cancer
lipoproteins carry different amounts of
phospholipids protein cholesterol
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. Most of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds, but there is a double bond between the number 9 and 10 carbons in the chain. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________ fatty acid.
polyunsaturrated
Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.
saturated
an omega 3 fatty acid is
unsaturated
hydrophilic
when a molecule attracts water
binge drinker
when a person consumes 4-5 or more drinks on a single occasion
in the body, fat ....
is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
What is the chemical structure of an omega 3 fatty acid
it contains the first carbon double bond on the third carbon from the OMEGA end of the carbon chain
Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________ of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
25%
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
HDL
a chronic process that negatively affects the function of arteries and is the cause of most cardiovascular diseases
atherosclerosis
A long-chain fatty acid is defined as
a fatty acid that contains 14 or more carbon atoms in length.
trans fatty acid(2)
allows the carbon chain to remain straighter
cis fatty acid(2)
causes the carbon chain to bend
Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?
chicken
hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile
cholecystokinin
Lipids or fats include
cholesterol
The fat-related information on the Nutrition Facts panel includes total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and _____.
cholesterol
four major classes of lipoproteins
chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?
corn oil
examples of food that contain cholesterol
eggs chicken ice cream
This type of acid can be saturated or unsaturated
fatty acid
what is the backbone of a triglyceride ?
glycerol
cardiovascular disease
heart disease chronic high blood pressure stroke peripheral artery disease
Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD.
homocytesine
trans fatty acid
hydrogen are found on OPPOSITE SIDE of the carbon carbon double bond
cis fatty acid
hydrogen are found on THE SAME SIDE of the carbon carbon double bond
Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
above
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range - AMDR) recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake______.
between 20 and 35 of total calories
Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.
nutrition facts panel
________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.
lineolic
Which fatty acids are considered fatty acids?
linoleic acid alpha-linolenic acid
lipoproteins are water soluble structures that transport _______ through the bloodstream
lipids
transports lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues
lipoprotein
Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?
liver
What kind of fatty acid is filled with hydrogen atoms
saturated
________ fatty acids consists entirely of carbon carbon single bonds
saturated
Fatty acids can be
saturated/unsaturated
which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels
statins
the body uses cholesterol to make
steroid hormones
most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US
stroke coronary artery disease
what are the structural components of a triglyceride
three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone
which of the following information about fat is required on the nutrition facts panel
total fat cholesterol calories from fat saturated fat trans fat