Diet & Nutrition Therapy: Chapter 6

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the diuretic effect of alcohol is to _________ the excretion of body water

increase

non modifiable risk factors for CVD

increasing age family history of CVD

Fats and cholesterol are classifies as

lipids

A chylomicron is a type of

lipoprotein

describe the digestion and absorption of alcohol

no digestion is needed

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of

pancreatic cancer

lipoproteins carry different amounts of

phospholipids protein cholesterol

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. Most of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds, but there is a double bond between the number 9 and 10 carbons in the chain. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________ fatty acid.

polyunsaturrated

Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.

saturated

an omega 3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

hydrophilic

when a molecule attracts water

binge drinker

when a person consumes 4-5 or more drinks on a single occasion

in the body, fat ....

is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber

What is the chemical structure of an omega 3 fatty acid

it contains the first carbon double bond on the third carbon from the OMEGA end of the carbon chain

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________ of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

25%

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

a chronic process that negatively affects the function of arteries and is the cause of most cardiovascular diseases

atherosclerosis

A long-chain fatty acid is defined as

a fatty acid that contains 14 or more carbon atoms in length.

trans fatty acid(2)

allows the carbon chain to remain straighter

cis fatty acid(2)

causes the carbon chain to bend

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

chicken

hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile

cholecystokinin

Lipids or fats include

cholesterol

The fat-related information on the Nutrition Facts panel includes total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and _____.

cholesterol

four major classes of lipoproteins

chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

examples of food that contain cholesterol

eggs chicken ice cream

This type of acid can be saturated or unsaturated

fatty acid

what is the backbone of a triglyceride ?

glycerol

cardiovascular disease

heart disease chronic high blood pressure stroke peripheral artery disease

Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

homocytesine

trans fatty acid

hydrogen are found on OPPOSITE SIDE of the carbon carbon double bond

cis fatty acid

hydrogen are found on THE SAME SIDE of the carbon carbon double bond

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

above

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range - AMDR) recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake______.

between 20 and 35 of total calories

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.

nutrition facts panel

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

lineolic

Which fatty acids are considered fatty acids?

linoleic acid alpha-linolenic acid

lipoproteins are water soluble structures that transport _______ through the bloodstream

lipids

transports lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues

lipoprotein

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

liver

What kind of fatty acid is filled with hydrogen atoms

saturated

________ fatty acids consists entirely of carbon carbon single bonds

saturated

Fatty acids can be

saturated/unsaturated

which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels

statins

the body uses cholesterol to make

steroid hormones

most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US

stroke coronary artery disease

what are the structural components of a triglyceride

three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone

which of the following information about fat is required on the nutrition facts panel

total fat cholesterol calories from fat saturated fat trans fat


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