Digestive System

Why are villi so important (1-3)

1. Increase surface area to volume ratio 2. Increase absorption of needed nutrients 3. Have a very thin membrane that allows for diffusion

Liver

A digestive helper that produces bile, bile is secreted into the small intestine

Pancreas

A digestive helper that secrets 3 enzymes into the small intestine

Gall Bladder

A digestive helper that stores fat

goals of the small intestine

ALL digestion is completed in the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream-from the bloodstream nutrients enter the cells for cellular respiration

Large Intestine

Absorption of water and elimination of undigested food and waste

digestion in the small intestine

Chemicals(ENZYMES): protease-digests proteins maltase-digests maltose-desaccharide

Diarrhea

Food and fluids pass too quickly through the large intestine-fluids are not sufficiently absorbed

Diffusion

High concentration to low concentration

Which organs have enzymes made or found in them?

Mouth and salivary glands, stomach & small intestine

Pharynx

NO digestion here, links mouth to esophagus

Esophagus

NO digestion here, muscular tube that carries food from mouth to stomach

Elimination (Egestion)

Removal of undigested materials from the large intestines through defecation (solid waste)

Heartburn

Stomach acid against the esophagus

around the amount of time digestion takes place

about 20-22 hours

Digestion products of proteins

amino acids

Digestion

breaks down food into small molecules so they can be used by the body

What food type is digested in the mouth & salivary glands

carbohydrates

What happens to food when enters body?

circulates/distributes nutrients to the rest of your body

Heterotrophic nutrition

consume food ex.animals

Amylase

digests disaccharides-maltose

Lipase

digests lipids (fats)

Trypsin

digests proteins

bile

dissolves FAT

Ulcer

erosion in the lining of the stomach-90% caused by bacteria

in which organ does the food spend the least time

esophagus-no digestion takes place here

Digestion products of fats

fatty acids-glycerol

Villi

folds inside the small intestine responsible for absorbing nutrients as they pass through the small intestine

Constipation

food and fluid pass too slowly and the large intestine absorbs too much water

chemical digestion in stomach

hydrochloric acid: makes stomach acidic, begins digestion of proteins-Pepsin:ENZYME that begins protein digestion

Why digestion is so important

important to get food molecules into our blood stream then diffusion across the cell membrane to be used to produce energy

Prevention of Constipation

increase water intake, eat high amounts of fiber, exercise, Avoid milk products

Carbohydrate Digestion

ingestion-physical digestion of food (mechanical)-chemical (ENZYMES) salivary amylase comes from salivary glads secreted mouth into saliva and digests carbohydrates-sugars/starches (hexagon)

structures of the large intestine

length-5ft diameter-6cm

structure of small intestine (length,diameter)

length-6m(20ft) Diameter-2.5cm

small intestine

lipid digestion starts here! Carbohydrate,Protein & Lipid digestion END here

Digestion products of starches

monosaccharides (glucose)

Which intestine would have most villi?

most complex with most curves-also has more surface area

Which organs have both physical and chemical digestion

mouth & salivary glands & the stomach

absorption

movement of broken down usable nutrients from the small intestine to the blood stream (digestive system and circulatory system work together)

Causes of Constipation

not enough fiber,milk products, dehydration

Stomach

protein digestion starts here, mechanical digestion-smooth muscle contractions mic and churn food-chyme:partially digested food mixed w/ stomach acid

What food type is digested in the stomach

proteins & carbohydrates

What food type is digested in the small intestine

proteins, carbohydrates & fats (lipids)

Protein indicator

results of Blue-pink test for peptide bonds after test (Biurets)

Starch indicator

results of Brown/orange-purple/black after test (Lugol's Iodine)

Glucose indicator

results of blue substance-green/orange/red/brown after test (Benedicts solution)***must add heat***

Autotrophic nutrition

self-feeding ex.fungi/plants

Epiglottis

small piece of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea (wind pipe)-PREVENTS CHOKING & food into lungs

Peristalsis

smooth muscle contractions that help push food throughout your digestive tract

ingestion

taking in food

Which organs do and which don't make hydrochloric acids?

the STOMACH does produce hydrochloric acids-MOUTH & SALIVARY GLANDS AND THE SMALL INTESTINE do not produce hydrochloric acids

Nutrition

the life function carried out by the digestive system

mechanical digestion

the physical digestion of food, increases SA of food ex.teeth tear and grind food, stomach churn

Which organ has chemical change occurring

the small intestine-NO PHYSICAL HERE

indicator

used to test is a solution is acidic, basic or neutral pH <7=acid, =7=neutral, >7=base***0 to 7; 7-14 acids base

chemical digestion

using acids and enzymes to break down food

Causes of Diarrhea

virus,bacteria,medication,stress &food

Preventions of Diarrhea

wash fruits and vegetables,cook food thoroughly, avoid too much fiber