Digestive system
Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units
A) Digestion
Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood it recieves
A) Liver
Receives blood via the hepatic portal system
A) Liver
There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs _______. A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secrete are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time d) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required.
A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called A) digestion B) absorption C) ingestion D) secretion
A) digestion
The chief bile pigment is __________.
bilirubin
Cells of the stomach that secrete HCl are ________ cells.
parietal
Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Whihc of the following cell types syntheize and secrete these products? A) enteroendocrine cells B) parietla cells C) zymogenic cells D) mucous neck cells
A) enteroendocrine cells
Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? A) lipids B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) starches
A) lipids
Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.
C) Absorption
Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs
D) Pancreas
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube
D) Peristalsis
Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. A) bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion B) bile functions to emulsify fats C) bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from the breakdown of worn-out RBCs D) bile contains enzymes for digestion
D) bile contains enzymes for digestion
Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus B) tight junctions of epithelial mucous cells C) replacing of damaged D) production of intrinsic factor
D) production of intrinsic factor
Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine
E) Large intestine
another word for vomiting is ___________.
Emesis
The __________ phase of gastric secretions occurs when food enters the stomach.
Gastric phase
Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule
B) Hydrolysis
Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
B) Small intestines
Increases surface area for absorption via villi and micovilli
B) Small intestines
Chyme is created in the A) mouth B) stomach C) esophagus D) small intestine
B) Stomach
The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ______. A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage C) distribute hormones throughout the body D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
The mechanical and chemical recptors that control digestive activity are located A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen B) in the walls of the tract organs C) in the pons and medulla D) in the oral cavity
B) in the walls of the tract organs
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? A) chief cells B) parietal cells C) serous cells D) mucous neck cells
B) parietal cells
Select the correct statement about digestive processes. A) Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastic motility. B) Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach for the purpose of starrch digestion. C) Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex D) All commonly ingested substances are significantly absorbed by the mucous of the stomach
C) Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex
Only digestive structure with three muscle layers
C) Stomach
Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion
C) Stomach
Produces intrinsic factor
C) Stomach
If one has a significant loss of gastric juice, the blood probably indicates A) acidosis B) ketosis C) alkalosis D) dysphagia
C) alkalosis
Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? A) gastrin B) secretin C) cholecystokinin D) gastric inhibitor peptide
C) cholecystokinin
Parietal cells of the stomach produce _________. A) Mucin B) Pepsinogen C) hydrochloric acid D) rennin
C) hydrochloric acid
Chief cells ______. A) produce gastrin B) produce HCl C) produce pepsinogen D) produce mucin
C) produce pepsinogen
Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria? A) produce gas B) absorb bilirubin C) synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins D) synthesize vitamins C & D
C) synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins
Another term for swallowing is degutition
TRUE
Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach
TRUE
Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for the protein digestion and is secreted by the cheif cells
TRUE
The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis
TRUE
The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.
TRUE
The pancreas has both endocrine and an exocrine function
TRUE
When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx
TRUE
The part of the peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is the ____________ peritoneum.
Visceral
The principal enzyme for breaking down cardohydrates is __________.
amylase